Module 4 Energy and Weight Balance Flashcards
Which of the following organs represents the metabolic workhorse of the body?
a. Stomach b. Heart c. Liver d. Kidneys
liver
Which of the following would induce catabolism?
a. Breaking down protein into amino acids b. Storing glycogen in the muscles c. Rapid growth during adolescence d. Forming adipose tissue from excess dietary triglycerides
Breaking down protein into amino acids
Amino acids that are linked together to form a protein would be an example of a(n):
a. anabolic reaction b. catabolic reaction c. photosynthesis d. hydrolysis reaction
anabolic reaction
Which of the following would induce catabolism?
a. Pregnancy b. Starvation c. Body building d. Growth during early childhood
starvation
How can ADP be transformed into ATP?
a. Removing energy and a phosphate group b. Adding energy and a phosphate group c. Removing adenine d. Adding energy and another ribose
Adding energy and a phosphate group
Which compound enters the Kreb’s cycle?
a. Carbon Dioxide b. Amino acids c. Glycerol d. Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
What is pyruvate converted into if oxygen is lacking?
a. Glycerol b. Lactic Acid c. Oxaloacetate d. Acetyl CoA
Lactic Acid
If enough oxygen is present and energy is needed, pyruvate is converted into:
a. Lactic Acid (lactate) b. Glycerol c. Oxaloacetate d. Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA
The glycolysis pathway:
a. requires oxygen. b. converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid. c. results in the formation of pyruvate. d. is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
results in the formation of pyruvate.
For amino acids to proceed in the metabolic pathway, they must:
a. undergo the process of transamination. b. be essential amino acids. c. have their amino group removed. d. combine with acetyl CoA
c.
have their amino group removed
Which of the following components is unable to yield glucose?
a. Glycerol b. Fatty acids c. Proteins d. Carbohydrate
fatty acids
High levels of ammonia in the bloodstream would likely indicate which organ is not working correctly?
a. Kidneys b. Lungs c. Liver d. Small Intestine
liver
A person who consumes a high-protein diet should increase their _____ intake.
a. Carbohydrate b. Lipid c. Fiber d. Fluid
fluid
Excess carbohydrate in the diet will first be stored as:
a. Glycogen b. Fatty acids c. Amino acids d. Nitrogen
glycogen
Which nutrients supply energy for the brain? Select all that apply.
[mark all correct answers]
a.
Glycogen
b. Fatty acids c. Ketones d. Amino Acids
a.
Glycogen
b. Fatty acids c. Ketones d. Amino Acids
Which of the following can be stored as fat in the body? Select all that apply.
[mark all correct answers]
a.
Carbohydrate
b. Fat c. Protein d. Alcohol
a.
Carbohydrate
b.
Fat
c.
Protein
d.
Alcohol
What are ketones?
a. Glucose molecules that cannot be used for energy b. Byproducts of fat breakdown that can be used for energy in the brain instead of glucose c. Markers of successful weight loss d. Harmful substances that build up in body from muscle catabolism
b.
Byproducts of fat breakdown that can be used for energy in the brain instead of glucose
What is the basic energy source for all cells?
a. ATP b. ADP c. Glycerol d. Pyruvate
ATP
initial breakdown of carbohydrate
glycolysis
removal of nitrogen from an amino acid
deamination
most ATP is produced
ETC, electron transport chain
initial breakdown of fat
fatty acid oxidation
made by all three energy nutrients
Acetyl CoA
What is satiety?
a. Extreme hunger b. Eating very little to prevent weight gain c. Feeling satisfied after a meal d. Having no control over one's eating
Feeling satisfied after a meal
A person who walks by a pizza parlor, smells the pizza baking, and wants to go inside to purchase some is experiencing:
a. hunger b. lack of control c. appetite d. satiety
appetite
What is the best way to increase the BMR?
a. Lose weight b. Reduce calorie intake c. Restrict carbohydrate intake d. Build muscle in the body
build muscle in the body
Which of the following will increase the basal metabolic rate?
a. Losing weight b. Underactive thyroid c. Starvation d. Caffeine
caffeine
When you walk by a store, what makes you want to eat when you smell food?
a. hunger b. satiety c. appetite d. disordered eating
appetite
Which macronutrient appears to have the largest thermic effect?
a. carbohydrate b. fat c. protein d. fiber
protein
The largest percentage of energy expended is through:
a. TEF b. NEAT c. Exercise d. BMR
BMR
What would be true of the basal metabolic rate if two people weigh 120 pounds, but one is taller than the other?
a. the same, as they both weigh the same amount b. the taller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate c. the smaller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate d. the taller person would have the lower basal metabolic rate
the taller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate
Which of the following lowers the basal metabolic rate?
a. Fasting b. Fever c. Cold environment d. Hot environment
Fasting
What are the components of energy metabolism listed from the highest proportion to the lowest proportion?
Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item.
Items to order:
1.
Thermic effect of exercise (TEE)
2.
Thermic effect of food (TEF)
3.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
Basal metabolic rate
thermic effect of exercise
thermic effect of food
It is estimated that Derek, who is obese needs 2,800 calories to maintain his current weight. He would like to lose two pounds per week, if possible. What should his new daily calorie intake be?
a. 1,200 b. 1,800 c. 2,300
d
2,500
1800
To lose about one pound per week, you need a deficit of approximately _______ calories daily.
a. 100 b. 500 c. 1,000 d. 3,500
500
A healthy and realistic goal for weight loss is:
a. 1-2 pounds per week b. 2-3 pounds per week c. 3-4 pounds per week d. 15 pounds per month
a.
1-2 pounds per week
Which of the following has the most significant influence on long-term weight loss?
a. carbohydrate restriction b. fat restriction c. protein restriction d. overall moderate calorie restriction
d.
overall moderate calorie restriction
The least healthy place to store extra fat is in the:
a. Abdomen b. Buttocks c. Thighs d. Extremities
abdomen
A person with a BMI over ____ is classified as obese.
a. 19 b. 25 c. 28 d. 30
30
What classification would be used for a 56 year old man with a sedentary lifestyle and a BMI of 24?
a. underweight b. normal weight c. overweight d. obese
normal weight
A person with a BMI of 18 is classified as:
a. Underweight b. Normal weight c. Overweight d. Obese
underweight
A healthy body composition is best measured by:
a. BMI b. Weight c. Height d. Body fat %
body fat %
A man with central obesity will have a waist circumference above ________ inches.
a. 30 b. 25 c. 40 d. 45
40
A disadvantage with using a small, hand-held bioelectrical impedance device to measure body fat percent is:
a. it may be hard to find b. it requires a highly trained person to operate the device c. it tends to be expensive d. it may not be very accurate
d.
it may not be very accurate
A common problem with having a lack of adequate body fat is:
a. increased temperature b. high cancer risk c. decreased hunger d. poor bone density
poor bone density
Fat loss primarily occurs when a person:
a. restricts carbohydrate intake b. gets high-intensity exercise c. is in a calorie deficit d. exercises in the "fat-burning zone"
is in a calorie deficit
What is the most effective way to reduce body fat?
a. low-calorie diet b. avoid foods high in fat c. weight-bearing exercise d. combination of exercise and a healthy diet
combination of exercise and a healthy diet
Which of the following body changes usually occurs with age?
a. decrease in resting metabolism b. increasing levels of testosterone and estrogen c. increase in muscle mass d. decrease in fat storage
decrease in resting metabolsim
Resistance training exercise is crucial for older people because it can:
a. decrease the risk of Type 1 diabetes b. decrease HDL cholesterol c. reduce blood pressure d. increase visceral fat
reduce blood pressure
Which of the following is a major predictor of adult obesity?
a. Excess leptin production b. Ghrelin resistance c. Obesity during the pre-adolescent years d. Being breastfed as an infant
c.
Obesity during the pre-adolescent years
Which of the following is an effective way to reduce “stress eating”?
a. Low carbohydrate diet b. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids c. Supplementation with probiotics d. Exercise
exercise
What effect does sleep deprivation have on weight management?
a. lack of sleep usually results in weight loss, due to increased hours of physical activity b. lack of sleep increases leptin production, leading to weight loss over time c. lack of sleep increases ghrelin production, leading to weight gain over time d. lack of sleep decreases insulin production, which can lead to Type 2 diabetes and rapid weight gain
lack of sleep increases ghrelin production, leading to weight gain over time
An obese person tends to have higher levels of:
a. Ghrelin b. Leptin c. Testosterone d. Glucagon
Leptin
What happens to fat cells when you lose weight?
a. Some are destroyed b. They shrink in size c. They turn into muscle mass d. They multiply, so it is easier to regain the lost weight
They shrink in size
Which of the following hormones increases appetite and energy storage?
a. leptin b. ghrelin c. cortisol d. estrogen
ghrelin
Some people are obese because:
a. they don't produce any leptin b. they are resistant to leptin c. they naturally make an overabundance of ghrelin d. they have no ghrelin activity
they are resistant to leptin
The effect of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with respect to fat cell metabolism:
a. is triggered by weight gain. b. explains why people who experience weight loss are more likely to gain weight. c. is responsible for the rate of fat breakdown being lower in men than women. d. explains why women produce more of this enzyme in their abdomen, leading to increased waist size.
explains why women produce more of this enzyme in their abdomen, leading to increased waist size.
Enzyme that promotes very efficient fat storage in the body, which tends to be high in obese people
LPL lipoprotein lipase
Hormone released after a meal in response to fat in blood, which inhibits hunger
Leptin
Hormone secreted in response to low calorie intake, which increases hunger and lowers metabolism
Ghrelin
Hormone released to store glucose after a meal, and tells your body you are full.
insulin
The quickest, most effective way to lose weight is:
a. calorie restriction b. cardiovascular exercise c. fat intake restriction d. resistance training exercise
calorie restriction
What is the best way to increase metabolism to help with long-term weight management?
a. cardiovascular exercise b. build muscle through resistance training exercise c. eat 3-4 meals per day d. restrict calories to under 1,200 per day
build muscle through resistance training
Which of the following is true regarding weight loss supplements or medications?
a. They are safe and effective for long-term weight management b. None have proven to be effective for weight loss c. They are well regulated and monitored by the FDA d. Most have side effects and some may be harmful
Most have side effects and some may be harmful
Most Fad diets result in weight loss because:
a. healthy eating is emphasized b. physical activity is encouraged c. calories are restricted d. nutrition and medical experts develop them
calories are restricted
Low carbohydrate diets usually lead to rapid weight loss in the beginning primarily due to:
a. Muscle loss b. Water loss c. Fat loss d. Excess glycogen production
water loss
Which of the following is a benefit of bariatric surgery?
a. Higher metabolism b. Less production of ghrelin c. Higher production of leptin d. Higher muscle mass
Less production of ghrelin
Which of the following is a disadvantage of following a low-fat diet for weight loss?
a. Hunger may increase b. Most weight lost is water weight c. Increased risk of heart disease d. Lack of dietary fiber
hunger may arise
Which of the following is a common risk of bariatric surgery to treat obesity?
a. It is likely the person will not lose any weight at all b. Infections are likely c. Long-term malnutrition is likely d. Eating disorders such as anorexia usually occur
infections are likely
Which of the following is likely to occur if a woman’s BMI is too low?
a. heart disease b. gallstones c. infertility d. gout
infertility
Which of the following is a recommended way to gain weight?
a. Replace meals with high calorie shakes b. Eat only 3 large meals daily c. Snack on chips and candy frequently d. Drink juices and milk instead of water
Drink juices and milk instead of water
What dietary measure is helpful for individuals who need to gain weight?
a. limiting fluid intake to water. b. eating only when you are hungry. c. increasing the amount of energy-dense foods in the daily diet. d. limiting daily exercise to 5 minutes a day.
increasing the amount of energy-dense foods in the daily diet.
Select all of the following that are risk factors for eating disorders.
[mark all correct answers]
a.
Preexisting psychiatric conditions
b. Body dissatisfaction c. Athletes d. Male e. Female f. Pregnancy g. Thyroid disorders
Preexisting psychiatric conditions
Body dissatisfaction
Athletes
female
A disorder in where there is an obsession with healthy eating is known as:
a. Bulimia Nervosa b. OCD c. Orthorexia d. Diabulimia
orthorexia
A sign to look for if you suspect a friend has bulimia is:
a. extreme weight loss b. broken blood vessels in the face c. hemorrhoids d. consumption of only non-GMO, organic food
broken blood vessels in the face
Which of the following persons is most likely to develop an eating disorder?
a. 40 year old female vegetarian b. 16 year old female dancer c. 20 year old football player d. 50 year old male executive
16 year old female dancer
Self-induced starvation leading to extreme weight loss
Anorexia Nervosa
Binging and Purging
Bulimia Nervosa
Compulsive eating of large quantities of food without purging behaviors
Binge eating disorder
Which of the following is a serious complication of bulimia nervosa?
a. Rapid weight loss b. Severe potassium deficiency c. Kidney failure d. Type 2 diabetes
Severe potassium deficiency
Binge-eating disorder often results in:
a. calloused knuckles b. fear of gaining weight c. extreme weight loss d. obesity
obesity
Severe anorexia nervosa can lead to:
a. organ failure and death b. binge-eating c. increase in body fat percent d. righteous beliefs about their diet
organ failure and death
Which of the following is likely to occur with anorexia nervosa?
a. Compulsive exercise b. Esophageal bleeding c. Obesity d. Absence of menstruation
Absence of menstruation
