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Nutrition > Module 4 Energy and Weight Balance > Flashcards

Module 4 Energy and Weight Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following organs represents the metabolic workhorse of the body?

a.	 Stomach

b.	 Heart

c.	 Liver

d.	 Kidneys
A

liver

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2
Q

Which of the following would induce catabolism?

a.	 Breaking down protein into amino acids

b.	 Storing glycogen in the muscles

c.	 Rapid growth during adolescence

d.	 Forming adipose tissue from excess dietary triglycerides
A

Breaking down protein into amino acids

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3
Q

Amino acids that are linked together to form a protein would be an example of a(n):

a.	 anabolic reaction

b.	 catabolic reaction

c.	 photosynthesis

d.	 hydrolysis reaction
A

anabolic reaction

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4
Q

Which of the following would induce catabolism?

a.	 Pregnancy

b.	 Starvation

c.	 Body building

d.	 Growth during early childhood
A

starvation

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5
Q

How can ADP be transformed into ATP?

a.	 Removing energy and a phosphate group

b.	 Adding energy and a phosphate group

c.	 Removing adenine

d.	 Adding energy and another ribose
A

Adding energy and a phosphate group

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6
Q

Which compound enters the Kreb’s cycle?

a.	 Carbon Dioxide

b.	 Amino acids

c.	 Glycerol

d.	 Acetyl CoA
A

Acetyl CoA

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7
Q

What is pyruvate converted into if oxygen is lacking?

a.	 Glycerol

b.	 Lactic Acid

c.	 Oxaloacetate

d.	 Acetyl CoA
A

Lactic Acid

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8
Q

If enough oxygen is present and energy is needed, pyruvate is converted into:

a.	 Lactic Acid (lactate)

b.	 Glycerol

c.	 Oxaloacetate

d.	 Acetyl CoA
A

Acetyl CoA

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9
Q

The glycolysis pathway:

a.	 requires oxygen.

b.	 converts acetyl CoA into pantothenic acid.

c.	 results in the formation of pyruvate.

d.	 is the breakdown of pyruvate to acetyl CoA.
A

results in the formation of pyruvate.

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10
Q

For amino acids to proceed in the metabolic pathway, they must:

a.	 undergo the process of transamination.

b.	 be essential amino acids.

c.	 have their amino group removed.

d.	 combine with acetyl CoA
A

c.
have their amino group removed

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11
Q

Which of the following components is unable to yield glucose?

a.	 Glycerol

b.	 Fatty acids

c.	 Proteins

d.	 Carbohydrate
A

fatty acids

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12
Q

High levels of ammonia in the bloodstream would likely indicate which organ is not working correctly?

a.	 Kidneys

b.	 Lungs

c.	 Liver

d.	 Small Intestine
A

liver

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13
Q

A person who consumes a high-protein diet should increase their _____ intake.

a.	 Carbohydrate

b.	 Lipid

c.	 Fiber

d.	 Fluid
A

fluid

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14
Q

Excess carbohydrate in the diet will first be stored as:

a.	 Glycogen

b.	 Fatty acids

c.	 Amino acids

d.	 Nitrogen
A

glycogen

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15
Q

Which nutrients supply energy for the brain? Select all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]
a.
Glycogen

b.	 Fatty acids

c.	 Ketones

d.	 Amino Acids
A

a.
Glycogen

b.	 Fatty acids

c.	 Ketones

d.	 Amino Acids
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16
Q

Which of the following can be stored as fat in the body? Select all that apply.

[mark all correct answers]
a.
Carbohydrate

b.	 Fat

c.	 Protein

d.	 Alcohol
A

a.
Carbohydrate

b.
Fat

c.
Protein

d.
Alcohol

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17
Q

What are ketones?

a.	 Glucose molecules that cannot be used for energy

b.	 Byproducts of fat breakdown that can be used for energy in the brain instead of glucose

c.	 Markers of successful weight loss

d.	 Harmful substances that build up in body from muscle catabolism
A

b.
Byproducts of fat breakdown that can be used for energy in the brain instead of glucose

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18
Q

What is the basic energy source for all cells?

a.	 ATP

b.	 ADP

c.	 Glycerol

d.	 Pyruvate
A

ATP

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19
Q

initial breakdown of carbohydrate

A

glycolysis

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20
Q

removal of nitrogen from an amino acid

A

deamination

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21
Q

most ATP is produced

A

ETC, electron transport chain

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22
Q

initial breakdown of fat

A

fatty acid oxidation

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23
Q

made by all three energy nutrients

A

Acetyl CoA

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24
Q

What is satiety?

a.	 Extreme hunger

b.	 Eating very little to prevent weight gain

c.	 Feeling satisfied after a meal

d.	 Having no control over one's eating
A

Feeling satisfied after a meal

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25
Q

A person who walks by a pizza parlor, smells the pizza baking, and wants to go inside to purchase some is experiencing:

a.	 hunger

b.	 lack of control

c.	 appetite

d.	 satiety
A

appetite

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26
Q

What is the best way to increase the BMR?

a.	 Lose weight

b.	 Reduce calorie intake

c.	 Restrict carbohydrate intake

d.	 Build muscle in the body
A

build muscle in the body

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27
Q

Which of the following will increase the basal metabolic rate?

a.	 Losing weight

b.	 Underactive thyroid

c.	 Starvation

d.	 Caffeine
A

caffeine

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28
Q

When you walk by a store, what makes you want to eat when you smell food?

a.	 hunger

b.	 satiety

c.	 appetite

d.	 disordered eating
A

appetite

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29
Q

Which macronutrient appears to have the largest thermic effect?

a.	 carbohydrate

b.	 fat

c.	 protein

d.	 fiber
A

protein

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30
Q

The largest percentage of energy expended is through:

a.	 TEF

b.	 NEAT

c.	 Exercise

d.	 BMR
A

BMR

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31
Q

What would be true of the basal metabolic rate if two people weigh 120 pounds, but one is taller than the other?

a.	 the same, as they both weigh the same amount

b.	 the taller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate

c.	 the smaller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate

d.	 the taller person would have the lower basal metabolic rate
A

the taller person would have the higher basal metabolic rate

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32
Q

Which of the following lowers the basal metabolic rate?

a.	 Fasting

b.	 Fever

c.	 Cold environment

d.	 Hot environment
A

Fasting

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33
Q

What are the components of energy metabolism listed from the highest proportion to the lowest proportion?

Below is a sequence of events. Place them in the order they should occur, number 1 being the first item. Select the step number from the drop down next to each item.
Items to order:
1.
Thermic effect of exercise (TEE)

2.
Thermic effect of food (TEF)

3.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

Basal metabolic rate

thermic effect of exercise

thermic effect of food

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34
Q

It is estimated that Derek, who is obese needs 2,800 calories to maintain his current weight. He would like to lose two pounds per week, if possible. What should his new daily calorie intake be?

a.	 1,200

b.	 1,800

c.	 2,300

d
2,500

A

1800

35
Q

To lose about one pound per week, you need a deficit of approximately _______ calories daily.

a.	 100

b.	 500

c.	 1,000

d.	 3,500
A

500

36
Q

A healthy and realistic goal for weight loss is:

a.	 1-2 pounds per week

b.	 2-3 pounds per week

c.	 3-4 pounds per week

d.	 15 pounds per month
A

a.
1-2 pounds per week

37
Q

Which of the following has the most significant influence on long-term weight loss?

a.	 carbohydrate restriction

b.	 fat restriction

c.	 protein restriction

d.	 overall moderate calorie restriction
A

d.
overall moderate calorie restriction

38
Q

The least healthy place to store extra fat is in the:

a.	 Abdomen

b.	 Buttocks

c.	 Thighs

d.	 Extremities
A

abdomen

39
Q

A person with a BMI over ____ is classified as obese.

a.	 19

b.	 25

c.	 28

d.	 30
A

30

40
Q

What classification would be used for a 56 year old man with a sedentary lifestyle and a BMI of 24?

a.	 underweight

b.	 normal weight

c.	 overweight

d.	 obese
A

normal weight

41
Q

A person with a BMI of 18 is classified as:

a.	 Underweight

b.	 Normal weight

c.	 Overweight

d.	 Obese
A

underweight

42
Q

A healthy body composition is best measured by:

a.	 BMI

b.	 Weight

c.	 Height

d.	 Body fat %
A

body fat %

43
Q

A man with central obesity will have a waist circumference above ________ inches.

a.	 30

b.	 25

c.	 40

d.	 45
A

40

44
Q

A disadvantage with using a small, hand-held bioelectrical impedance device to measure body fat percent is:

a.	 it may be hard to find

b.	 it requires a highly trained person to operate the device

c.	 it tends to be expensive

d.	 it may not be very accurate
A

d.
it may not be very accurate

45
Q

A common problem with having a lack of adequate body fat is:

a.	 increased temperature

b.	 high cancer risk

c.	 decreased hunger

d.	 poor bone density
A

poor bone density

46
Q

Fat loss primarily occurs when a person:

a.	 restricts carbohydrate intake

b.	 gets high-intensity exercise

c.	 is in a calorie deficit

d.	 exercises in the "fat-burning zone"
A

is in a calorie deficit

47
Q

What is the most effective way to reduce body fat?

a.	 low-calorie diet

b.	 avoid foods high in fat

c.	 weight-bearing exercise

d.	 combination of exercise and a healthy diet
A

combination of exercise and a healthy diet

48
Q

Which of the following body changes usually occurs with age?

a.	 decrease in resting metabolism

b.	 increasing levels of testosterone and estrogen

c.	 increase in muscle mass

d.	 decrease in fat storage
A

decrease in resting metabolsim

49
Q

Resistance training exercise is crucial for older people because it can:

a.	 decrease the risk of Type 1 diabetes

b.	 decrease HDL cholesterol

c.	 reduce blood pressure

d.	 increase visceral fat
A

reduce blood pressure

50
Q

Which of the following is a major predictor of adult obesity?

a.	 Excess leptin production

b.	 Ghrelin resistance

c.	 Obesity during the pre-adolescent years

d.	 Being breastfed as an infant
A

c.
Obesity during the pre-adolescent years

51
Q

Which of the following is an effective way to reduce “stress eating”?

a.	 Low carbohydrate diet

b.	 Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids

c.	 Supplementation with probiotics

d.	 Exercise
A

exercise

52
Q

What effect does sleep deprivation have on weight management?

a.	 lack of sleep usually results in weight loss, due to increased hours of physical activity

b.	 lack of sleep increases leptin production, leading to weight loss over time

c.	 lack of sleep increases ghrelin production, leading to weight gain over time

d.	 lack of sleep decreases insulin production, which can lead to Type 2 diabetes and rapid weight gain
A

lack of sleep increases ghrelin production, leading to weight gain over time

53
Q

An obese person tends to have higher levels of:

a.	 Ghrelin

b.	 Leptin

c.	 Testosterone

d.	 Glucagon
A

Leptin

54
Q

What happens to fat cells when you lose weight?

a.	 Some are destroyed

b.	 They shrink in size

c.	 They turn into muscle mass

d.	 They multiply, so it is easier to regain the lost weight
A

They shrink in size

55
Q

Which of the following hormones increases appetite and energy storage?

a.	 leptin

b.	 ghrelin

c.	 cortisol

d.	 estrogen
A

ghrelin

56
Q

Some people are obese because:

a.	 they don't produce any leptin

b.	 they are resistant to leptin

c.	 they naturally make an overabundance of ghrelin

d.	 they have no ghrelin activity
A

they are resistant to leptin

57
Q

The effect of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with respect to fat cell metabolism:

a.	 is triggered by weight gain.

b.	 explains why people who experience weight loss are more likely to gain weight.

c.	 is responsible for the rate of fat breakdown being lower in men than women.

d.	 explains why women produce more of this enzyme in their abdomen, leading to increased waist size.
A

explains why women produce more of this enzyme in their abdomen, leading to increased waist size.

58
Q

Enzyme that promotes very efficient fat storage in the body, which tends to be high in obese people

A

LPL lipoprotein lipase

59
Q

Hormone released after a meal in response to fat in blood, which inhibits hunger

A

Leptin

60
Q

Hormone secreted in response to low calorie intake, which increases hunger and lowers metabolism

A

Ghrelin

61
Q

Hormone released to store glucose after a meal, and tells your body you are full.

A

insulin

62
Q

The quickest, most effective way to lose weight is:

a.	 calorie restriction

b.	 cardiovascular exercise

c.	 fat intake restriction

d.	 resistance training exercise
A

calorie restriction

63
Q

What is the best way to increase metabolism to help with long-term weight management?

a.	 cardiovascular exercise

b.	 build muscle through resistance training exercise

c.	 eat 3-4 meals per day

d.	 restrict calories to under 1,200 per day
A

build muscle through resistance training

64
Q

Which of the following is true regarding weight loss supplements or medications?

a.	 They are safe and effective for long-term weight management

b.	 None have proven to be effective for weight loss

c.	 They are well regulated and monitored by the FDA

d.	 Most have side effects and some may be harmful
A

Most have side effects and some may be harmful

65
Q

Most Fad diets result in weight loss because:

a.	 healthy eating is emphasized

b.	 physical activity is encouraged

c.	 calories are restricted

d.	 nutrition and medical experts develop them
A

calories are restricted

66
Q

Low carbohydrate diets usually lead to rapid weight loss in the beginning primarily due to:

a.	 Muscle loss

b.	 Water loss

c.	 Fat loss

d.	 Excess glycogen production
A

water loss

67
Q

Which of the following is a benefit of bariatric surgery?

a.	 Higher metabolism

b.	 Less production of ghrelin

c.	 Higher production of leptin

d.	 Higher muscle mass
A

Less production of ghrelin

68
Q

Which of the following is a disadvantage of following a low-fat diet for weight loss?

a.	 Hunger may increase

b.	 Most weight lost is water weight

c.	 Increased risk of heart disease

d.	 Lack of dietary fiber
A

hunger may arise

69
Q

Which of the following is a common risk of bariatric surgery to treat obesity?

a.	 It is likely the person will not lose any weight at all

b.	 Infections are likely

c.	 Long-term malnutrition is likely

d.	 Eating disorders such as anorexia usually occur
A

infections are likely

70
Q

Which of the following is likely to occur if a woman’s BMI is too low?

a.	 heart disease

b.	 gallstones

c.	 infertility

d.	 gout
A

infertility

71
Q

Which of the following is a recommended way to gain weight?

a.	 Replace meals with high calorie shakes

b.	 Eat only 3 large meals daily

c.	 Snack on chips and candy frequently

d.	 Drink juices and milk instead of water
A

Drink juices and milk instead of water

72
Q

What dietary measure is helpful for individuals who need to gain weight?

a.	 limiting fluid intake to water.

b.	 eating only when you are hungry.

c.	 increasing the amount of energy-dense foods in the daily diet.

d.	 limiting daily exercise to 5 minutes a day.
A

increasing the amount of energy-dense foods in the daily diet.

73
Q

Select all of the following that are risk factors for eating disorders.

[mark all correct answers]
a.
Preexisting psychiatric conditions

b.	 Body dissatisfaction

c.	 Athletes

d.	 Male

e.	 Female

f.	 Pregnancy

g.	 Thyroid disorders
A

Preexisting psychiatric conditions

Body dissatisfaction

Athletes

female

74
Q

A disorder in where there is an obsession with healthy eating is known as:

a.	 Bulimia Nervosa

b.	 OCD

c.	 Orthorexia

d.	 Diabulimia
A

orthorexia

75
Q

A sign to look for if you suspect a friend has bulimia is:

a.	 extreme weight loss

b.	 broken blood vessels in the face

c.	 hemorrhoids

d.	 consumption of only non-GMO, organic food
A

broken blood vessels in the face

76
Q

Which of the following persons is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

a.	 40 year old female vegetarian

b.	 16 year old female dancer

c.	 20 year old football player

d.	 50 year old male executive
A

16 year old female dancer

77
Q

Self-induced starvation leading to extreme weight loss

A

Anorexia Nervosa

78
Q

Binging and Purging

A

Bulimia Nervosa

79
Q

Compulsive eating of large quantities of food without purging behaviors

A

Binge eating disorder

80
Q

Which of the following is a serious complication of bulimia nervosa?

a.	 Rapid weight loss

b.	 Severe potassium deficiency

c.	 Kidney failure

d.	 Type 2 diabetes
A

Severe potassium deficiency

81
Q

Binge-eating disorder often results in:

a.	 calloused knuckles

b.	 fear of gaining weight

c.	 extreme weight loss

d.	 obesity
A

obesity

82
Q

Severe anorexia nervosa can lead to:

a.	 organ failure and death

b.	 binge-eating

c.	 increase in body fat percent

d.	 righteous beliefs about their diet
A

organ failure and death

83
Q

Which of the following is likely to occur with anorexia nervosa?

a.	 Compulsive exercise

b.	 Esophageal bleeding

c.	 Obesity

d.	 Absence of menstruation
A

Absence of menstruation

84
Q
A

Nutrition (21 decks)

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