Module 3 case studies

Question 1

An alcoholic patient presents with fatigue, leg paralysis, edema in the legs and nerve damage. What is the most likely vitamin deficiency in this patient?

Answer 1

thiamin

Question 2

What are two main functions of this nutrient, thiamin? Select two answers.

Answer 2

Normal functioning of nerves and muscles.

Energy metabolism

Question 3

A parent brings a one-year child into the doctor for a routine check-up. The child appears to have bowed legs. The parent states they drink unfortified almond milk because they are vegans.What is the most likely vitamin deficiency in this child?

Answer 3

vitamin D

Question 4

Which foods should the person consume to correct the deficiency of thiamin? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 4

pork
enriched white bread

Question 5

What is the main function of vitamin d that relates to the symptoms of a one-year child with bowed legs. The parent states they drink unfortified almond milk because they are vegans.?

Answer 5

bone health

Question 6

Which foods should the person consume to correct the deficiency of vitamin d? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 6

eggs
liver
fortified milk

Question 7

A 7-month-old infant presents with discolored (yellow-orange) skin. The infant has been introduced to several new foods. The diet consists of strained beef, spinach, sweet potato, and diluted apple juice. What vitamin did this baby eat in excess?

Answer 7

beta carotene

Question 8

Which food in the 7-month-old infant presents with discolored (yellow-orange) skin. The infant has been introduced to several new foods. The diet consists of strained beef, spinach, sweet potato, and diluted apple juice. Which food in the baby’s diet are likely the cause?Select ALL that apply.

Answer 8

spinach
sweet potato

Question 9

A patient is admitted to the hospital with blood clots despite taking her anti-coagulation medication. During your assessment, you identify she recently started taking a supplement. Which vitamin is likely in her supplement that is causing a problem with her anti-coagulation medication?

Answer 9

vitamin K

Question 10

A patient is admitted to the hospital with blood clots despite taking her anti-coagulation medication. During your assessment, you identify she recently started taking a supplement. Which foods are high in this vitamin that will be part of your diet instruction?

Answer 10

spinach
brussel sprouts

Question 11

A patient is admitted to the hospital with blood clots despite taking her anti-coagulation medication. During your assessment, you identify she recently started taking a supplement. The patient is advised to discontinue the supplement. What additional advice should be given about her diet?

Answer 11

Eat consistent amounts of vitamin K in foods

Question 12

A patient presents with a sore throat, swollen, glossy tongue and cracks at the corners of the mouth. What is the vitamin deficiency?

Answer 12

riboflavin

Question 13

patient presents with painful “flushed” feeling in his face. Upon interviewing the patient, you discover he recently began taking large amounts of a vitamin supplement suggested by a store clerk that will help his cholesterol levels. What is the vitamin supplement taken in excess?

Answer 13

niacin

Question 14

patient presents with painful “flushed” feeling in his face. Upon interviewing the patient, you discover he recently began taking large amounts of a vitamin supplement suggested by a store clerk that will help his cholesterol levels. What foods are also high in this nutrient? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 14

chicken
mushrooms

Question 15

patient presents with painful “flushed” feeling in his face. Upon interviewing the patient, you discover he recently began taking large amounts of a vitamin supplement suggested by a store clerk that will help his cholesterol levels. What healthy benefit does this nutrient have when supplements are consumed in large doses?

Answer 15

lowers cholesterol

Question 16

A woman tells her doctor that she would like to get pregnant. The doctor suggests she begin taking a supplement even before getting pregnant to prevent complications of the spinal column. Which vitamin does the doctor recommend?

Answer 16

folate

Question 17

A woman tells her doctor that she would like to get pregnant. The doctor suggests she begin taking a supplement even before getting pregnant to prevent complications of the spinal column.What foods could the woman consume to increase her intakes of this vitamin? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 17

spinach
orange juice

Question 18

A woman tells her doctor that she would like to get pregnant. The doctor suggests she begin taking a supplement even before getting pregnant to prevent complications of the spinal column. What function of this vitamin makes it so important to infant development and prevention of neural tube defects?

Answer 18

cell division

Question 19

An older patient diagnosed with atrophic gastritis presents to the ER with unexplained confusion and lethargy associated with anemia. Blood tests reveal macrocytic anemia. What vitamin deficiency is likely causing these problems?

Answer 19

vitamin b12

Question 20

An older patient diagnosed with atrophic gastritis presents to the ER with unexplained confusion and lethargy associated with anemia. Blood tests reveal macrocytic anemia.How does atrophic gastritis play a role in the deficiency?

Answer 20

It decreases acid and intrinsic factor.

Question 21

A patient presents to the doctor’s office with a wound that will not heal. An examination shows some little pinpoint hemorrhages under his skin, and swollen, bleeding gums. What vitamin deficiency is most likely causing these problems?

Answer 21

vitamin c

Question 22

A patient presents to the doctor’s office with a wound that will not heal. An examination shows some little pinpoint hemorrhages under his skin, and swollen, bleeding gums. What foods could the individual consume to correct the deficiency? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 22

orange juice
broccoli

Question 23

A patient presents to the doctor’s office with a wound that will not heal. An examination shows some little pinpoint hemorrhages under his skin, and swollen, bleeding gums.What are the important roles of vitamin C in the body? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 23

antioxidant
needed to make collagen
increases iron absorption

Question 24

A patient presents with chronic high blood pressure. The patient consumes primarily processed foods. Which mineral is likely high in this patient’s diet that is putting her at higher risk of HTN?

Answer 24

sodium

Question 25

A patient presents with chronic high blood pressure. The patient consumes primarily processed foods. Which minerals in low amounts are associated with high blood pressure (HTN)? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 25

magnesium
calcium
potassium

Question 26

A patient presents with chronic high blood pressure. The patient consumes primarily processed foods. What specific dietary changes would help resolve these nutrient problems?

Answer 26

Choose whole foods instead of ultra processed.

Question 27

An older patient with osteoporosis is admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. She reports being lactose intolerant. Which mineral is likely deficient in this patient’s diet that put her at risk of hip fractures?

Answer 27

calcium

Question 28

An older patient with osteoporosis is admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. She reports being lactose intolerant. What stage of development is consuming adequate amounts of this mineral most critical to prevent osteoporosis?

Answer 28

Peak bones mass (12-30 years of age).

Question 29

An older patient with osteoporosis is admitted to the hospital with a hip fracture. She reports being lactose intolerant. What specific dietary changes would improve her risk of bone loss? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 29

Try tofu and sardines with bones.

Choose lactose-free milk.

Question 30

A client presents with elevated blood glucose. When you ask about her diet, the client states she eats a lot of refined, processed foods. What mineral is likely lacking in her diet?

Answer 30

chromium

Question 31

A client presents with elevated blood glucose. When you ask about her diet, the client states she eats a lot of refined, processed foods. What is the role of chromium to blood glucose management?

Answer 31

It enhances insulin action.

Question 32

A young girl presents to the emergency room after passing out at school. Through your assessment, you suspect bulimia nervosa may be the cause of the incident. Which mineral is the biggest concern for the frequent vomiting you suspect?

Answer 32

potassium

Question 33

A young girl presents to the emergency room after passing out at school. Through your assessment, you suspect bulimia nervosa may be the cause of the incident.

What is the biggest concern for low amounts of potassium?

Answer 33

heart failure

Question 34

A young girl presents to the emergency room after passing out at school. Through your assessment, you suspect bulimia nervosa may be the cause of the incident. Which foods are high in potassium Select ALL that apply.

Answer 34

raisins
banana
baked potato

Question 35

At a routine follow-up, a pregnant client mentions she is more tired than usual, craving cornstarch, and chewing ice fequently. Which mineral is likely deficient in this client?

Answer 35

iron

Question 36

At a routine follow-up, a pregnant client mentions she is more tired than usual, craving cornstarch, and chewing ice fequently. Why is this craving a concern?

Answer 36

the iron deficiency impairs hemoglobin in red blood cells from carrying oxygen to cells

Question 37

At a routine follow-up, a pregnant client mentions she is more tired than usual, craving cornstarch, and chewing ice frequently. What foods would you recommend that are high in iron? Select ALL that apply.

Answer 37

vegetables

fortified cereals

Question 38

A mom takes her two children to the dentist. They live on a farm in rural area where city water is not provided. The dental hygienist notices both children have severe dental decay. What mineral is likely lacking in the children’s diets?

Answer 38

Fluoride

Question 39

A mom takes her two children to the dentist. They live on a farm in rural area where city water is not provided. The dental hygienist notices both children have severe dental decay.What is the role of fluoride in teeth?

Answer 39

Protect teeth from dental caries

Question 40

A hospitalized patient who is post surgery is not eating well. The patient complains that food does not taste right and he does not have an appetite. His surgical wound is not healing and you suspect a nutrient deficiency may be to blame. What mineral deficiency is most likely causing this patient’s symptoms?

Answer 40

zinc

Question 41

A hospitalized patient who is post surgery is not eating well. The patient complains that food does not taste right and he does not have an appetite. His surgical wound is not healing and you suspect a nutrient deficiency may be to blame. What foods are a good source of zinc?

Answer 41

oysters
yogurt
shrimp

Question 42

During a humanitarian trip to several countries in Africa, the doctor notices a swelling in the thyroid gland of a pregnant woman’s neck. What mineral is likely deficient in this mother’s diet

Answer 42

iodine

Question 43

During a humanitarian trip to several countries in Africa, the doctor notices a swelling in the thyroid gland of a pregnant woman’s neck. What effect will this iodine deficiency have on the child born to her?

Answer 43

Physical and mental delays in development