Module 18 - memory Flashcards
What are the 2 types of memory
- declaritive/ explicit
- non declaritive/implicit
What type of memory in hippocampus
explicit
what type of memory in cerebellum and basal ganglia
procedural memory
2 specific areas of basal ganglia that memory is in
striatum
Putamen
What type of memory in amygdala
ones with emotional attachment
What type of memory in cortex
Short and long term explicit memory
Name type of neurons that responsible for location and cognitive maps
Place cells
What do taxi drivers have more of compared to bus drivera
more grey matter in hippocampus
diff between short term memory and working memory
short term is only maintence (e.g. what u ate for brekkie yom nom)
working memory is maintence AND manipulation, so acc using it e.g. phone number to write it down
how is short term vs long term encoded
st = acoustic
lt = acoustic and visual (also semantic, knowing meaning)
how is short term vs long term retrieval
st = sequential
lt =via association
stages of memory
stimulus
encoding
storage
retrieval
what did hebb say
efficiency of neurons can increase after repeated stimulation
‘neurons that fire together wire together’
what is LTP
persistent strengthening of synapses following high-frequency stimulation of a chemical synapse
(model used for learning and memory)
2 types of synaptic plasticity
LTP and LTD
long term potentiation
long term depression
what process used to induce LTP
tetanisation (high frq stimulation on synapse) of area in hippocampus
2 types of glutamate receptors
AMPA
NMDA
what does glutamate do when binds to AMPA
receptor opens
Na+ influx
(just a lignad gated na channel)
causes depolarlisation
what ion blocks the NMDA rec
Mg2+
what does NMDA require to open
AMDA needs to be activated
cuz this will depol the memb
which is needed
and also
glutamate and glycine needs to bind
what ions travel through
NMDA when open
Na+ and Ca2+
following LTP, what changes occur
first = presyn = increased NT vesicles and increased NT release
then = postsyn = increased dendritic area, inc dendritic spines, increase AMPA receptors
what enzyme plays role stabilising strength of synaptic activities following LTP
protein kinase A
what is a kinase that regulates protein synthesis in postsynaptic mechanisms
extracellular regulatied kinase
activated by a bunch of signalling pathways
it allows protein synthesis = long term memories
