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Excitable Cells: Neuroscience > Lecture 20 - Circadian rhythms > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Circadian rhythms Flashcards

1
Q

what are some examples of cellular daily rhythms

A

cell cylce progression
dna damage repair
cellular energy metabolism
cell detoxification
neuronal excitability

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2
Q

what diseases are associated with insuffiecient clocks

A

bipolar, depression
sleep disorders
neurdegenerative
obesity/metabolic syndrome
cardiovascular
reproductive effects
inflammation
cancer

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3
Q

what is ultradian rhythm

A

several times in a day
e.g. heart beat
less than 20hrs

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4
Q

what is infradian rhythm

A

more than 28hrs between its occurence
e.g. period
(e.g. circalunar)

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5
Q

what are some requirements of the mammalian circadian rhythm

A
  • a self sustained oscillator
  • entrained by environemnt
  • period of 24hrs
  • drives rhythmical outputs
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6
Q

what connects the eyes to SCN

A

retinohypothalamic tract

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7
Q

what are the 2 components of SCN

A

core (ventrolateral SCN)
shell (dorsomedial SCN)

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8
Q

what neuropeptide does ventrolateral sCN contain

A

VIP
vasointestinal polypeptide

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9
Q

what neuropeptide does dorsomedial SCN contain

A

AVP
arginine vasopressin

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10
Q

what function does vasolateral SCN have

A

recieves input from eyes

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11
Q

what function does dorsomedial SCN contain

A

send output to other brain areas

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12
Q

what genes are expressed in SCN neurons to generate circadian rhythm

A

clock genes
(also found throughout body, but SCN synchs the others)

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13
Q

what releases melatonin

A

pineal gland

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14
Q

what would clock genes in liver regulate

A

regulates food absorption and metabolism

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15
Q

what time of day do cardiovascular diseases usually spike

A

in AM

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16
Q

what time does chronic pain tend to spike

A

in afternoon

17
Q

what 2 things do chronopharmacology study

A

how med affec circ rhythm
how circ rhythms affect med

18
Q

what does conventional chemotherapy assume about chemo effectiveniess

A

the worse the toxicity/symptoms, the better the overall survival

19
Q

what did chronotherapy find w/ cancer drugs

A

drugs are most efficient at same time it’s best tolerated in the day

20
Q

what is oxaliplatin

A

first cancer chronodrug
was too toxic and failed clinical trial
but chronotherapeutic development meant it got approved

21
Q

what did oxaliplatin chronotherapeutic trials find

A

at constant rate : 10xhigher neutropenia and distal paraesthesias
55% higher vomiting
and dose could be 15% increased in a circadian rhtym modulated rate

22
Q

what drug is first in line for bipola rdisorder

A

lithium

23
Q

how does lithium affect circ rhythm

A
  • causes period lengthening and phase delay
  • affects expression of circadian genes, and clock transcription
24
Q

what can bright light therapy treat

A

mood disorders
jet lag, insomnia
cause improved mood and sleep efficiency

25
Q

hwo many nrem rem sleep cycles per night

A

4-5

26
Q

what are the 4 stages of sleep

A

NREM (N1) = light sleep
NREM (N2) = deeper sleep
NREM (N3) = deepest
REM = dreamin

27
Q

normal length of all NREM and REM stages

A

1-7 mins
10-25 mins
20-40 mins
REM = 10-60mins

28
Q

what virus in 20th century indicated the brain controls sleep

A

encephalitis lethargica

29
Q

what area did encaphalitis lethargica effect

A

midbrain and diencephalon

30
Q

what are the 3 stuctures in hypothalamus that control circ rythm

A

suprachiasmatic nuc (SCN)
subparaventricular (SPZ)
dorsomedial (DMH)

31
Q

what main structure in hypothalamus produces onset of sleep

A

ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)

32
Q

what 4 structures control awakeness in the pons

A

laterodorsal tegmental (LDT)*
pedunculopontine
Raphe*
locus coeruleus
*important ones

33
Q

what structure in hypothalamus controls awakeness

A

lateral hypothalamic area
LHA

34
Q

what neuropeptide is important in flipflop switch model

A

orexin

35
Q

what structure that controls body temp does the SPZ pass its signal to

A

the MPO

36
Q

where does dorsomedial hypothalamic nuc pass its signal to

A

VLPO
PVH - corticosteroid release
LHA - wakefulnesss

37
Q

what 2 things control sleep drive

A
  • homeostatic sleep drive
    -circadian drive for arousal
38
Q

how is narcolepsy caused in humans

A

autoimmune attack on the neurons in the hypothal that produce orexin
= usually orexin would act on Hcrtr2 (a GPCR) but cant anymore

39
Q

how is narcolepsy produced in dogs

A

premature stop codin in Hcrtr2 receptor

Excitable Cells: Neuroscience (21 decks)

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