1: Intro to Nervous systems Flashcards
what division of PNS conducts impulses from receptors from environment to the CNS
sensory (afferent division)
what’s the biggest difference in invertabrate’s nervous system compared to vertebrates
invertabrates have a VENTRAL nerve chord (along their belly)
vertabrates have dorsal cord - the spine duh
what brain divisions are common to all vertabrates
olfactory bub
cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
optic tectum
medulla oblongata
and mammals specifically have the neocortex
2 divisions of the forebrain
telencephalon
diencephalon
what does the telencephalon contain
cortex
olfactory bulb
remember its close to the front
what does the diencephalon contain
thalamus
hypothalamus
what is midbrain called
mesencephalon
what is mesencephalon made up of
tectum
tegmentym
what is hindbrain called
rhombencephalon
what is rhombencephalon made up of
pons
medulla
cerebellum
what initial process forms the nervous system
specialisation of ectoderm
what does the neural crest end up forming
the PNS
what does the neural tube end up forming
CNS
what does endoderm form
lining of organs
what does mesoderm form
bones
muscles
gives rise to notochord
what does ectoderm form
nervous system
skin
notochord function
signalling
if anterior pore of neural tube doesnt close, what does this cause
brain doesnt develop
anencephaly
if posterior pore of neural tube doesnt close, what does this cause
spina bifida
what drugs increase risk of spina bifida
antiepilepsy
bipolar drugs
what forms the primary vesicles
3 swellings at rostral end of neural tube
name the 3 ventricles in brain
lateral ventricles
3rd ventricl
4th ventricle
what are the names of the canals connecting these ventricles
interventricular foramen
cerebral aqueduct
central canal
what is spinal cord surrounded by
meninges
and
CSF
what does dorsal root of spinal cord contain
sensory, afferent neurons
what does ventral root of spinal cord contrain
motor, efferent neurons
what is grey matter made up of
neuron cell bodies
what is white matter made up of
myelinated axons
what is oldest part of brain
brainstem
what does brainstem contain
midbrain
pons
medulla
role of pons
relay between cortex and cerebellum
hydrocephalus
build of of CSF in brain
no good
role of midbrain/mesencephalon
eye movements, sleep, temp regulation
role of cerebellum
movement control centre
ataxias
disease affecting cerebellum
causing aberrant movement
role of cerebral cortex
voluntary actions
cognition
perception/awareness
basically stuff that makes u smart
what type of cerebral cortex do mammals have compared to birds, reptiles
mammals: 6-layer structure (neocortex)
non mammals have 3 layer
clockwise from front, name lobes and brief fucntions of cerebral cortex
frontal - voluntary actions
(somatomotor cortex)
(somatosensory cortex)
parietal - sensory info, language
occipital - visual processing
temporal - memory, language, sensory
what is homunculous
map of the brain according to the neural composition
decussation
word that describes how the right half of the brain controls the left half of the body and vice versa
