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Excitable Cells: Neuroscience > 2: Cell structure > Flashcards

2: Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

What important thing did golgi develop

A

Silver stain
Allows u to see individual cells in great detail

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2
Q

Reticular theory

A

golgi
Beloved neurites were fused together

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3
Q

Neuron doctrine

A

canal developed this via gokgi’s silver stain

Each neuron is a distinct cell

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4
Q

What 2 principles did canal come up with

A

dynamic polarisation - neurons transmit info in specific direction

Connectional specificity - self explanatory, connections made aren’t random

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5
Q

Resolution of electron microscope

A

0.1nm

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6
Q

How to immunofluorescence

A

Attach label to antibody
Allow to bind ti target tissue

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7
Q

Name the thing that combines a laser and microscope

A

confocal microscopes
Allows 3d images
But resolution ain’t great

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8
Q

2 major types of cells in nervous system

A

neurons
Glial cells
Same origins, but diff structures and functions

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9
Q

Glial cells - astrocytes fucntion

A

majority
Fill space
Regulate extracellular fluid composition
Direct proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

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10
Q

Which two types of glial cells mylenate neuron axons

A

oligodendrocytes (in CNS, many axons)
Schwann cells (in PNS, each cell mylenwtes single axon)

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11
Q

Special feature of microglia

A

only type that can migrate to diff tissues
Makes sense since they have immune function

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12
Q

Where are epindymal cells

A

in ventricles

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13
Q

Epindymal cells function

A

produce csf
Maybe they turn into nerve cells, not confirmed

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14
Q

Huntington disease- what AA does the mutated gene code for

A

glutamine residues
Known as polyQ residues

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15
Q

How many repeats of glutamine confirm HD and how many is no risk

A

Above 40 means you’ll get HD
Under 27 is no risk of hd

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16
Q

What eventually kills the cell as a consequence of hd

A

build up of huntingtin breakdown products
Cuz the huntingtin can’t be broken down

17
Q

Worst area affected by HD

A

Basal ganglia

18
Q

What 2 types of glial cells are also affected by HD

A

astrocytes and microglia
Leads to neuroinflammation

19
Q

Alzheimer’s disease - how are amyloid plaques formed

A

When amhlpid precursor protein is cleaved
It forms amyloid beta
Which is normally soluble
But sometimes can misfold and become insoluble

Which can tgen induce others to misfold
And aggreg

20
Q

What is second type of protein deposit that causes alzeihmers disease

A

tau protein

21
Q

What can cause the tau protein to clump together and get tangled inside the neuron

A

hyperphosphorylation

22
Q

what are the 2 processes in a neuron

A

dendrite - specialised for reciept of information

axon - specialised for transmission of information

23
Q

what 2 qualitites are unique to neurons

A

can’t divide
trigger action potentials

24
Q

what type of organelles are in the dendrite compared to the axon

A

axon - synatpic vesicles

dendrite - rough ER, ribosoems, golgi

25
Q

what are perioxisomes

A

small membrane bound organelles

26
Q

what are the organelles that change at the axon hillock

A

synaptic vesicles
mitochondria
smooth ER
(all make sense when u think bout function and struct of axon)

27
Q

3 main roles of neuronal cytoskeleton

A

structural support
transpoting cargo to and from axons and dendrites
tethering things at membran surface

28
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: microtubules role

A

stucture and transport
run longitudinally down axons and dendrites

29
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: micrtotubules sturcture

A

big
20nm wide
tubulin polymers
also have
kinesin and dyenin
both involved in transport

and microtubule associated protiens

30
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: neurofilaments role

A

mechanical strength

31
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: neurofilaments structure

A

10nm wide
filamentous protein threads

32
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: microfilaments role

A

mediate shape change

33
Q

neuronal cytoskeleton: microfilaents structure

A

5nm wide
actin polymers
tethered to membrane

Excitable Cells: Neuroscience (21 decks)

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