Module 12: Neurological System (Part 01) Flashcards
This system is the master controlling and communicating system of the body.
Nervous System
This detects external and internal stimuli.
Sensory Input
This processes and responds to sensory input.
Integration
What are the functions of the nervous system?
(1) Sensory Input - detects external and internal stimuli
(2) Integration - processes and responds to sensory input
(3) Control of Muscles and Glands
(4) Homeostasis is maintained by regulating other system
(5) Center for Mental Activities
what is the central nervous system composed of?
(1) Brain
(2) Spinal Cord (covered by the vertebra, it has nerves or appendages sticking out continously)
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
(1) Cranial nerves
(2) Spinal nerves
What are the two (2) anatomical divisions of the nervous system?
(1) Central Nervous System
(2) Peripheral Nervous System
This anatomical division of the nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. It is encased in bone (skull and vertebra). It also contains nerves and nerve endings.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
This anatomical division of the nervous system is composed of the nervous tissue outside of the CNS. It consists of sensory receptors and nerves. This cannot work on its own (needs receptors or connection).
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
This acts as “information highway” which detects stimuli and transmits information as well as receive information to and from the CNS.
What is the function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
It processes, integrates (analysis or quick response), stores, and responds to information from the PNS.
What happens when the patient is quadriplegic?
The CNS of the quadriplegic patient can solely process information from the PNS but no longer integrate movement; hence the paralysis.
What are the two (2) divisions of the PNS?
(1) Sensory Division
(2) Motor Division
This transmits action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS (sensations - touch, hear, eyesight etc.). This pertains to the input.
Sensory Division
This carries action potentials away from the CNS in cranial or spinal nerves. This pertains to the output or response.
Motor division
What are the two (2) subdivisions of the motor division?
(1) Somatic nervous system (SNS)
(2) Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
This subdivision of the motor division innervates the skeletal muscle. (soma = means body hence action of the skeletal muscle)
Somatic Nervous System
This subdivision of the motor division innervates the cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands (negative feedback). It has three subdivisions. This is important for the sustenance of life. (autonomic = automatic like heart pumping).
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
What are the three (3) subdivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?
(1) Sympathetic Division
(2) Parasympathetic Division
(3) Enteric nervous system
This is the most active during physical activity (fight or flight division).
Sympathetic division (For example: burning your hand (automatic response)
This regulates resting functions (rest and digest division).
Parasympathetic division (this balances your sympathetic division)
This controls the digestive system.
Enteric nervous system
Explain the Nervous System in terms of its division and subdivisions.
(1) Sensations (touch, sight, etc.) initiates from the Sensory Division
(2) Through the transmission of the sensations by the sensory receptors, the action potentials convey it to the nervous tissue (peripheral nervous system) to the brain (central nervous system)
(3) The brain sends signals to the action potentials of the PNS wherein it perceives the need for movement (motor division).
(4) Both autonomic (increase in heart rate and blood pressure etc.) and somatic nervous system will respond simultaneously,
(5) The response of the autonomic nervous system may fall under sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric)
Explain the Nervous System when you are hiking.
(1) Stimulus (input) - snakes
(2) Sensory division conducts action potentials from the periphery to the CNS
(3) The CNS processes and integrates information, initiates responses and carries out mental activity (interpretation as harmful)
(4) Motor division conducts action potentials from the CNS to the periphery
(4) Somatic Nervous System (prompts you to run from the snake) and the Autonomic Nervous System (causes your heart rate and blood pressure to go up)