Module 04: Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system?
(1) Bones
(2) Cartilages
(3) Tendons
(4) Ligaments
This components gives the body the structure.
Bones
This component is made up of a strong flexible connective tissue that protects the joints and the bones.
Cartilages
This component connects the muscle to the bone.
Tendons
This component connects the bone to another bone.
Ligament
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Support: Provides structure and cradles the internal organs
- Protection
- Movement: Bones by its attachments to the tendons are used as levers
- Storage: The bones are reservoirs of minerals, specifically calcium and phosphate, which are distributed in their ionic form.
- Blood cell production: Hematopoiesis occur in the red marrow of certain bones
- Fat Storage: The fats are stored in the yellow marrow.
- Hormone Production: They produce osteocalcin
This is a hormone that helps regulate insulin secretion, glucose hemostasis and energy expenditure.
osteocalcin
These comprise the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments of the skeletal system.
Connective Tissues
These are found in the extracellular matrix of tendons and ligament, which makes these structures very tough, like
ropes or cables.
Collagen Fibers
What comprises the extracellular matrix?
collagen, ground substance, and other organic molecules, as well as water and minerals, which are all dependent on the characteristic of the extracellular matrix
This is a tough, ropelike protein that helps in the bone’s structure.
Collagen
These are large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides
attaching to and encircling core proteins and form large aggregates and attract water
Proteoglycans
The extracellular matrix of the cartilage is composed of what?
(1)Collagen and Proteoglycans
This is relatively rigid, but it springs back to its original shape after being bent or slightly compressed à excellent shock absorber
Cartilage
The extracellular matrix of bone is composed of what?
(1) collagen and minerals, including calcium and phosphate.
How does the collagen and minerals help the extracellular matrix of the bone?
The ropelike collagen fibers lend flexible strength to the bone.
The mineral component gives bone compression (weight-bearing) strength.
These are minerals in the bone that is in the form of calcium phosphate crystals
hydroxyapatite
This classification of the bones are longer than they are wide;
examples are upper and lower limb bones.
Long bones
This classification of the bones are approximately as wide as
they are long; examples are the bones of the wrist and ankle.
Short Bones
This classification of bones have a relatively thin, flattened
shape; examples are bones of the skull and sternum.
Flat Bones
This classification of bones include the vertebrae and
facial bones, which have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories.
Irregular Bones
This long bone structure is also known as the shaft and is composed of compact bone tissues.
Diaphysis
This long bone structure is composed of ends spongy bone tissue. It is an articular cartilage that covers the epiphyses.
Epiphysis
What is the role of the epiphysis?
Reduce Friction