Module 07: Cardiovascular System (The Heart) Flashcards
This is a muscular organ that is essential for life because it pumps blood through the body.
Heart
How does the heart pump blood?
The heart contracts or pumps to generate a force to increase the pressure of the liquid at the pump above the pressure in the pipe. Thus allowing the liquid to flow from an area of higher pressure to lower pressure (If the pressure of the pump increases, the flow of the liquid through the pipe also increases)
These make up the cardiovascular system.
(1) Heart
(2) Blood Vessels
(3) Blood
How many blood is pumped of a healthy heart of an adult at rest?
5 Liters of Blood per minute
What happens to the pumping of the blood when we are exercising?
The amount of blood pumped per minute increases several fold. However if the heart loses its pumping ability for even a few minutes, blood flow from the blood vessels is detrimentally impeded.
This happens when the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs back to the left side of the heart through the vessels.
Pulmonary Circulation
This happens when the left side of the heart pumps blood to all other tissues of the body back to the right side of the heart through the vessels
Systemic Circulation
What is the function of the cardiovascular system?
(1) Generating blood pressure. Contractions of the heart generate blood pressure, which forces blood through the blood vessels.
(2) Routing blood. The heart separates the pulmonary and systemic circulations, which ensures that the blood flowing to tissues has adequate levels of O,.
(3) Ensuring one-way blood flow. The valves of the heart ensure a one-way flow of blood through the heart and blood vessels.
(4) Regulating blood supply. Changes in the rate and force. of heart contraction match blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of the tissues during rest, exercise, and changes in body position.
Explain the shape of the heart.
The adult heart is shaped like a blunt cone and is approximately the size of a closed fist, weighs less than 1 lb (It is larger when you are physically active, but decreases in size after approximately the age of 65)
This is the blunt, rounded point of the heart.
Apex
This is the flat part at the opposite end of the heart
Base
Where is the heart located?
The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the two pleural cavities that surround the lungs.
This structure pertains to the heart, trachea, esophagus, and associated structures form a midline partition.
mediastinum
The heart is surrounded by its own cavity, which is known as the “_______________”
pericardial cavity
Why is it important for heath professionals to know the location and the shape of the heart in the thoracic cavity?
This knowledge enables them to accurately place a stethoscope to hear the heart sounds, to place chest leads for an electrocardiogram or to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation
This is an emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a person’s heart stops.
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Describe the orientation of the heart.
The heart lies obliquely (at an angle) in the mediastinum, with its base directed posteriorly and slightly superiorly and its apex directed anteriorly and slightly inferiorly.
Describe the orientation of the apex.
The apex is also directed to the left of the midline of the sternum. The apex is just behind the 5th and 6th ribs at the 5th intercostal space and just to the left of the sternum.
Describe the orientation of the base
The base of the heart is located just behind the sternum and extends to the space just below the second rib, called the second intercostal space.
This is where the heart lies (space around the heart).
Pericardial Cavity
This is a double-layered sac that anchors and protects heart. This also forms the Pericardial Cavity. It also surrounds the heart and anchors it within the mediastinum.
Pericardium or pericardial sac
This pericardium is the outer layer of the pericardium and is composed of tough, fibrous connective tissue.
fibrous pericardium
This pericardium is the inner layer and consists of epithelial cells with a thin layer of connective tissue.
serous pericardium
This is the two parts of the serous pericardium
(1) Parietal pericardium
(2) Visceral pericardium or Epicardium