Module 03: Integumentary System Flashcards
This system is composed of the skin and accessory structures, such as the hair, glands, and nails.
Integumentary System
What does the word integument mean?
Covering
What does the integumentary system signify?
The appearance of the integumentary system is an indicator of physiologic imbalances within the body.
This is the most vulnerable organ since it is exposed to microorganisms, lacerations, temperature extremes, harmful chemicals, and uv radiation.
Skin
What are the three (3) barriers of the skin?
(1) Chemical
(2) Physical
(3) Biological
What is the importance of the skin’s chemical barrier?
(1) Secretions and melanin
(2) Low pH of skin secretions which creates an acid bundle which actually retards to the multiplication bacteria and foreign substances
(3) Dermcidin in sweat and bactericidal substances in sebum
(4) Defensins - natural antibiotics
(5) Cathelicidins - protective peptides from wounded skin that prevents group A streptococcus bacteria
What is the importance of the skin’s physical barrier?
(1) Continuity of skin and harness of keratinized cells
(2) The thicker the epidermis - the more impenetrable
(3) Stratum corneum - outermost layer of the skin
This is the outermost layer of the cell and even if there are dead flat cells biding in it, it still serves it purpose in protecting the body from foreign substances.
Stratum Corneum
What are the substances that penetrate the skin?
(1) Lipid-soluble substances (Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and fat soluble vitamins A, B, E, K and steroids)
(2) Oleoresins of certain plants (Poison Ivy and Oak)
(3) Organic Solvents (Acetone, Dry Cleaning fluids, Paint Thinners)
(4) Salts of Heavy Metals (Lead and Mercury)
(5) Selected Drugs
What is the importance of the skin’s biological barrier?
(1) Dendritic cells
(2) Dermal macrophage
- part of the immune system and can engender an immune response by transferring the foreign substances to the lymph nodes
Functions of the Protection
(1) Reduction in body water loss
(2) Protects underlying structures against abrasion
(3) Protects underlying structures UV lights (melanin)
(4) Hair and Nail protection
What is the use of the hair protection?
Heat Insulator and protects from foreign materials
Which functions of the integumentary system affects the rate of chemical reactions?
Body Temperature Regulation
The Body Temperature Regulation is dependent on what?
The amount of blood flow beneath the skin’s surface and the activity of sweat in the skin
How does body temperature regulation happen?
Blood vessel dilates, which increases blood flow; thus increasing thermal (heart) loss within the epidermis
This pertains to sweating under normal conditions with an environmental temperature below 31-32 degrees Celsius. In this type of sweating, 0.5 liter of sweat is secreted per day. This is known as routine unknown and unperceivable sweating.
Insensible Perspiration
This pertains to sweating that occurs when there is a rise in body temperature, where the nervous system stimulates the dermal blood vessels to dilate to prompt the sweat glands into invigorous secretory activity. It can account to about 12 liters a day.
Sensible Perspiration
This assists in the loss of heat through evaporative cooling.
Sweat (fever)
These have the capacity to respond to stimuli arising outside of the body.
Exteroceptors
These receptors are part of the central nervous system made to detect pain, heat, cold and pressure.
Cutaneous Sensory Receptors
This is a vascularized layer of dense connective tissue which rests on the subcutaneous tissue.
Dermis
This is usually found in the deeper dermis or near the sub cutaneous tissue that alerts us to any bumps concerning deep pressure.
Lamellar or Pacinian Corpuscles
The exteroceptors are found in the hair that reports us any pressure with regards to the hair or where the direction of the wind is going.
Hair follicle receptors report
These exteroceptors scattered throughout the body which senses painful stimuli, like chemicals, extreme heat or cold, etc.
Free Nerve Endings