Module 01: The Human Body Flashcards
This pertains to the scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body.
Anatomy
What does the word “anatomy” denote?
The word anatomy means to dissect or cut apart and even separate.
This is the study of the body by systems, such as the cardiovascular system along with musculoskeletal systems.
Systemic Anatomy
This is the study of the organization of the body by areas.
Regional Anatomy
This is the study of large body structures that are palpable to the naked eye.
Gross Anatomy
This is the study of structures too minuscule to be seen by the naked eye.
Microscopic Anatomy
This study traces structure changes that occur through a biotic lifespan.
Developmental Anatomy
This is the study or a general approach employed to examine external features, such as bony projections, which serve as landmarks for listening to heart sounds.
Surface Anatomy
This general approach of examination is constituted with the use of x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to generate pictures of internal structures that aren’t vastly palpable.
Anatomical Imaging
This is the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things, such as how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities.
Physiology
What are the two major goals of physiology?
(1) Examining the body’s responses to stimuli
(2) Examining the body’s maintenance of stable internal conditions
This level in the structural and functional organization of the human body pertains to how atoms, like hydrogen and carbon, interact and combine into molecules. In this, it is salient to remember that molecules determine the function.
For example: Collagen molecules are resolute, ropelike fibers that generates skin structural strength and flexibility. However, as these molecules deteriorate, the skin becomes comparably fragile.
Chemical Level
What are the 4 integral macromolecules that constitute a cell?
(1) Carbohydrates
(2) Lipids
(3) Proteins
(4) Nucleic Acids (DNA)
This level in the structural and functional organization of the human body pertains to the basic structural and functional units of organisms. They are constituted of organelles that delve into particular functions spanning from digestion and movement.
For example, the nucleus contains the cell’s hereditary information, and the mitochondria is conferred to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that can then be employed as a source of energy.
Cellular Level
This level in the structural and functional organization of the human body pertains to a group of comparable cells and materials surrounding them. The characteristic of the cells constituting them are focal determinants to its function.
Tissue Level
This type of tissue specializes in contraction to generate movement.
Muscle Tissue
This type of tissue specializes in generating action potentials for rapid communication
Nerve Tissue
This type tissue provides a physical barrier for entry into the body and secretions via the glands.
Epithelial Tissue
This type of tissue specializes in providing structure for the body.
Connective Tissue
This level in the structural and functional organization of the human body is composed of two or more types of tissues that perform one or more comparable functions.
For example: The bladder is comprised of inner linings of epithelial tissues and bounded by connective tissues. There are also nerve tissues that relax and contract during the urinary reflex.
Organ Level
This level in the structural and functional organization of the human body pertains to a group of organs that together perform a common function or set of functions.
For example: In the urinary system, the kidneys generate urine and conveyed by the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it will be stored until it is eliminated or discarded through the urethra.
Organ System Level
This system provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D. Moreover, this houses cutaneous (pain and pressure) receptors. This is constituted of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Integumentary System
This bodily system provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissues. Moreover, this system is constituted of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
Skeletal System
This system generates body movements (locomotion), posture, and conveys body heat. Furthermore, this consists of muscles attached to connective tissues sheets or the skeleton by the tendons.
Muscular System