Module 12 - Acid/Base Flashcards
1
Q
Hydrogen Atom
A
- Single proton
- Single electron
- Electrically natural element
2
Q
Hydrogen Ion
A
- Lost its electron
- Single proton
- H+
3
Q
Acid
A
- Molecule that releases hydrogen ion
4
Q
Strong Acid
A
- Dissociate rapidly
- Release large amounts of H+ in solution
5
Q
Base
A
- Molecule accepting H+
- Lower concentration of free H+ in solution
- Acidity decrease (more basic)
6
Q
pH Scale
A
- Quantifying concentration of H+
7
Q
pH Calculation
A
- Log base 10 [H+]
8
Q
Low H+ Concentration
A
- High pH
- Alkaline/basic
9
Q
High H+ Concentration
A
- Acidic
- Low pH
10
Q
pH Below 7
A
- Acidic
11
Q
pH Above 7
A
- Basic
12
Q
Body Fluid pH
A
- 7.35-7.45
13
Q
Arterial Blood pH
A
7.45
14
Q
Venous Blood pH
A
7.35
15
Q
Alkalosis
A
- Body fluids with pH above 7.4
- Too much HCO3-
- Too little H+
16
Q
Acidosis Types
A
- Respiratory
- Metabolic
17
Q
Alkalosis Types
A
- Respiratory
- Metabolic
18
Q
Acidosis
A
- Body fluids with pH below 7.4
- Too much H+ in body
- Too little HCO3-
19
Q
pH Levels for Death
A
- Above 7.8 or below 6.8
- For long periods of time
20
Q
Acid Sources
A
- Carbonic Acid (volatile)
- Hydrochloric acid (non-volatile)
- Sulphuric acid (non-volatile)
- Lactic acid (non-volatile)
21
Q
Carbonic Acid
A
- No net increase H+
- Reversible reaction
22
Q
Non-Volatile Acids
A
- Acids that cannot be removed
- Significant source of free H+
- Constantly produced throughout body
23
Q
Regulation of H+ Concentration
A
- Buffers
- Respiratory system
- Kidneys
24
Q
Volatile Acids
A
- Removed by lungs (CO2)
25
Q
Buffer Roles
A
- Bind free H+
- Stabilizing pH
- Don’t directly remove H+/alter pH
26
Q
Buffer Examples
A
- Intracellular (phosphates)
- Hemoglobin
- Extracellular (bicarbonate HCO3-)
27
Q
Respiratory System Buffering
A
- Regulate H+ concentration
- Volatile acids
- Rapidly
28
Q
Kidney Buffering
A
- Powerful control over H+
- Non-volatile acids
- Slowly
29
Q
Respiratory System H+ Regulation
A
- Remove CO2
- Keeping constant gas levels
- Constant pH
30
Q
Kidney Roles
A
- Excrete H+ from non-volatile acids
- Reabsorb bicarbonate ions filtered at glomerulus
- Create new bicarbonate ions
31
Q
Bicarbonate Roles
A
- Every ion reabsorbed, H+ secreted
- Converted to CO2
- CO2 combines with H2O
- Produce HCO3- & H+
32
Q
Respiratory Acidosis Cause
A
- Decreased ventilation
- Increased PCO2
- Lung/respiratory centers damage
33
Q
Respiratory Acidosis Contradiction
A
- Buffers
- Excretion of H+ by kidneys
34
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis Cause
A
- Increase ventilation
- Decreased PCO2
- Stress
- High altitudes
- Emotionally induced hyperventilation
35
Q
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation
A
- Excretion of HCO3- from kidney
36
Q
Metabolic Acidosis Cause
A
- Decrease extracellular HCO3-
- Kidney failure
- Formation excess of metabolic acids
- Ingestion of acids (alcohol)
- Loss of HCO3- in diarrhea
37
Q
Metabolic Alkalosis Cause
A
- Buildup of HCO3-
- Loss of H+
- Loss of HCl- from vomiting
- Ingestion of alkaline drugs
