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CAA Module 11 > Module 11.9 Flight controls > Flashcards

Module 11.9 Flight controls Flashcards

1
Q

Secondary control surfaces are used for what?

A

Changer lift and drag characteristics

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2
Q

What is THS a type of?

A

Long term pitch control device

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3
Q

Spring tabs serve as what after a certain speed?

A

Servo tabs

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4
Q

How are the primary control surfaces moved?

A

Hydraulic actuators

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5
Q

Lateral and directional trim is controlled through what?

A

FCU

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6
Q

When may directional trim be used?

A

In the event of single engine failure the directional trim will yaw the aircraft to maintain heading

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7
Q

Pitch attitude is controlled by what type of trimming?

A

Longitudinal

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8
Q

What shows the correct stabiliser position for take off?

A

A green band on the indicator

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9
Q

What are the two fly-by-wire functions added to modern aircraft?

A
  • Manoeuvre Load Control (MLC)
  • Gust Load Alleviation (GLA)
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10
Q

What does the MLC do?

A

Uses ailerons to move the centre of lift inboard to the root. This is to reduce wing structural loading, wing tip bending moment

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11
Q

What does the MLC help to alleviate?

A

Reduces load at the outboard section of the wing

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12
Q

How does a GLA help to alleviate loads?

A

Gust computer measures acceleration of aircraft and compares this to the pilots inputs. Feedback loops add correction signal to counteract the acceleration caused by the gust

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13
Q

What control surface are used in the MLC and GLA?

A

Ailerons

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14
Q

What detects active load alleviation?

A

Wing tip accelerometers

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15
Q

What 3 types of uses do spoilers have?

A
  • Ground spoilers
  • Flight/roll spoilers
  • Speed brakes
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16
Q

Automatic deployment of spoilers occurs when what conditions are met?

A
  • Lever armed
  • Weight on wheels
  • Airspeed
  • Throttle idle
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17
Q

Manually operated systems to control primary control surfaces are used when?

A

Older aircraft and small aircraft

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a fairlead?

A

Prevent damage to structure, limit vibration and give the gable guidance

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19
Q

Fairleads must never be used as what?

A

Pulleys to change the direction

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20
Q

How is cable tension checked?

A

Tensiometer

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21
Q

Why is a cable tension regulator necessary?

A

Varying operating temps lead to expansion and contraction

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22
Q

When do push pull rods have strength?

A

Pull, tension

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23
Q

What do witness holes verify in push pull rods?

A

Thread engagement

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24
Q

What is the purpose of a bell crank?

A

Change direction, transmit a force and can give mechanical advantage

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25
Q

When are torque tubes used?

A

Linear to rotational

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26
Q

What are torque tubes often used to actuate?

A
  • Ailerons
  • Flaps
  • Slats
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27
Q

When might a screw jack be used?

A

Extreme aero loads
- THS
- Leading edge flaps
- Trailing edge flaps

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28
Q

What would the nut on a screw jack be attached to in the empanage?

A

Attached to the THS

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29
Q

Hydraulic systems are classed as what, due to the system providing feedback?

A

Reversible

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30
Q

What do cable tension regulators help to maintain?

A

Uniform

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31
Q

What are the two primary redundancy means for hydraulics systems?

A
  • Multiple system
  • Multiple pressure sources
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32
Q

What is power control unit?

A

A unit that assists the pilot with moving control services. Servo servo with actuator

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33
Q

What does the piston create?

A
  • Two chambers by which the piston is actuated. Depending on which chamber is pressurised moves the rod back and forth
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34
Q

What are the names for the two chambers?

A
  • Extension chamber
  • Retraction chamber
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35
Q

How does the pilots input affect the PCU?

A

The pilots input moves a servo valve which directs hydraulic fluid into either the extension or retraction chamber

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36
Q

Where would a PCU be found?

A

Near the control surface

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37
Q

The servo control unit is divided what two sections?

A
  • Power section
  • Distribution
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38
Q

After total electric failure in an electrically controlled hydraulically actuated system, what surfaces are available to control?

A
  • THS
  • Rudder
39
Q

What are the main components of a power section?

A
  • Cylinder
  • Piston
  • Piston rod
40
Q

What are the main components of the distribution?

A
  • Bypass valve
  • Control valve
41
Q

What are the two servo control units modes?

A
  • Control/active mode
  • Damping mode
42
Q

In the damping mode what state is the servo unit mode in?

A

De-pressurised

43
Q

What occurs when the pistons are moved by external forces?

A

Hydraulic fluids move from one chamber to the next via the bypass valve

44
Q

In damping mode the chambers are interconnected by what valve?

A

Bypass valve

45
Q

In the damping mode what occurs when a gust moves the control surface?

A

The damping mode allows the surface to be moved, meaning it will not be broken as easy.

The damping also slows the movement under wind

46
Q

How is the actuator slowed after a gust in the damping mode?

A

Restrictor lines

47
Q

What is responsible for the initial deflection in a power assisted system?

A

The pilot is responsible for the initial deflection

48
Q

Is the fully powered system reversible?

A

No, it is irreversible

49
Q

In a fully powered system are the pilot controls and the control surface connected mechanically?

A

No, they are not

50
Q

What flight control system requires additional feel?

A

Fully-powered

51
Q

What are the two types of artificial feel?

A
  • Fixed
  • Variable, Q pot system
52
Q

What is the disadvantage of fixed feel system at a high speed?

A

The aircraft gets over controlled

53
Q

Where would the artificial feel unit be found?

A

In between pilot control and PCU

54
Q

How is the feel changed with airspeed on Q pot feel system?

A

The increased airspeed increases the pitot pressure which compresses the diaphragm more

55
Q

Artificial feel system wants to return controls to what position?

A

Neutral

56
Q

How is the servo valve controlled in a electronically controlled PCU?

A

The servo valve is controlled by two solenoids which move the valve back and forth.

Electrical signals

57
Q

What position is the mode valve spring loaded to?

A

Neutral

58
Q

What side is the movement of the mode valve influenced from?

A

Left side

59
Q

The servo valve can be positioned to what 3 modes?

A
  • Normal
  • Bypass
  • Damping/blocked
60
Q

How is the ElectroHydraulic Servo Valve (EHSV) positioned?

A

The servo valve is controlled by two solenoids which move the valve back and forth.

61
Q

What does the EHSV do?

A

Takes pilot inputs and translates them into servo valve movement to control the control surface

62
Q

What positions does the EHSV allow the servo valve to be in?

A
  • Active
  • Damping
  • Bypass

Also anything in between

63
Q

When does the bypass mode occur?

A

Single hydraulic or electrical failure on the PCU

64
Q

What is the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) signal proportional to?

A

Surface deflection

65
Q

What can the LVDT be used for?

A
  • Surface deflection monitoring
  • Flight crew feedback
66
Q

What is the major advantage of Fly-By-Wire (FBW)?

A

Weight saving

67
Q

How is stability maintained in FBW?

A

3 gyroscopes, one for each movement: Yaw, Pitch, Roll. Movement results in signal generation to move the relevant actuators

68
Q

What is flight control law in FBW?

A

Algorithm that translates pilot input into actuator movement

69
Q

What are the flight control laws of FBW?

A
  • Normal
  • Alternate
  • Direct
70
Q

When would a law be downgraded?

A

Failure of a system, i.e. an actuator

71
Q

What is another name for yaw damper?

A

Dutch roll damper

72
Q

What happens when dutch roll is detected?

A

The device increases directional stability by moving the rudder

73
Q

What is the yaw damper?

A

A device that communicates with the rudder PCU and actuates it

74
Q

How many yaw dampers would be needed in a split rudder?

A

2 would be needed, upper and lower

75
Q

What happens when mach tuck is detected?

A

The computer will either move the elevators or THS up. This action is called mach trim

76
Q

What is and when would mach tuck occur?

A

It is a nose down movement

It occurs in the transonic region

77
Q

What is the purpose of the rudder limiter?

A

It limits the deflection of the rudder at higher speeds to prevent structural damage

78
Q

When may gust locks be used?

A

In aircraft with mechanically driven systems when they are parked

79
Q

Where may gust Locks be found?

A
  • Interior, i.e. locking flight control stick
  • Exterior, locking control surface to structure that does not pivot, i.e. wing and aileron.
80
Q

How may gusts locks be identified?

A

By remove before flight tags

81
Q

What is static balance?

A

Tendency of an object to remain stationary when supported by its CofG

82
Q

If a control surface is statically balanced then what position will the control surface be in?

A

Neutral

83
Q

What is dynamic balancing?

A

In a rotating body, all rotating forces are balanced so no vibration

84
Q

What are the 3 types of rebalancing a control surface?

A
  • Calculation method
  • Scale method
  • Balance beam method
85
Q

What is the benefit of the calculation method?

A

The control surface does not require removal

86
Q

What is the scale method?

A

Use of a scale

87
Q

\what does rigging involve?

A

Adjusting of flight control surfaces so that it is aligned with the flight control stick

88
Q

What are the 3 steps of checking range of movement?

A
  • Lock flight deck control
  • Adjust tension
  • Adjust control stops
89
Q

How is the aircrafts Angle of Attack (AoA) determined?

A

AoA vanes

90
Q

What does the vane inform the crew of?

A

difference between max AoA and current AoA

91
Q

When will a stall occur?

A

When the AoA exceeds the aircraft critical AoA

92
Q

Would the flight crew be able exceed the critical AoA?

A

No, there a systems preventing this

93
Q

What will give the flight crew warning on the yoke of an impending stall?

A

Stick shaker

94
Q

Can the flight crew overcome the input of the stick nudger/pusher?

A

Yes they can

CAA Module 11 (22 decks)

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