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CAA Module 11 > Module 11.3 Aeroplane structures > Flashcards

Module 11.3 Aeroplane structures Flashcards

1
Q

What are two types of truss-type fuselage?

A
  • Pratt
  • Warren
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2
Q

What are the similarities between the two types of truss construction?

A
  • Longerons
  • Vertical struts
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3
Q

What load can the diagonal stays take on a Pratt truss-type fuselage and why?

A

Tension only as they are wires

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4
Q

What loads can warren type diagonal members take?

A

Compression and tension

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5
Q

Where are loads carried in a stressed skin fuselage?

A

In the exterior skin

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6
Q

What is sealant used for?

A

To provide leak free seals at joints

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7
Q

What are the two methods of sealing?

A

Faying and fillet

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8
Q

When would a faying seal be used?

A

Two overlapping surfaces i.e. Joggle joint

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9
Q

When would a fillet seal be used?

A

Two joined pieces of metal i.e. stringer to skin

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10
Q

How is pressure retained when cables and electrical wires pass through pressure bulkheads?

A

Grease filled pressure seal

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11
Q

What are the fuselage attachments?

A
  • Wings
  • Pylons
  • Stabilisers
  • Landing gear
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12
Q

What can be done to the fuselage to accept a centre wing box?

A

Notched or cut

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13
Q

Where are lugs mounted on the wing?

A

Forward and aft wing spar

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14
Q

How is the vertical fin attached?

A

Lugs/ bolt fittings on a frame member

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15
Q

Where are the fittings on the stabiliser?

A

In line with the front and rear spar

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16
Q

What transfers the thrust load from the engine to the wing in the pylon?

A

Upper, middle and lower spar

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17
Q

What is the streamlined enclosure that a pylon is attached to called?

A

Nacelle

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18
Q

Where are the lugs for engine to pylon and pylon to wing?

A

Forward and aft

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19
Q

Where is the landing gear attached?

A

Wing spar/ framework of spar

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20
Q

What can form the forward and aft wall of wheel wells?

A

Bulkheads

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21
Q

What do seat tracks allow for?

A

Easy removal of the seats and a secure attachment

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22
Q

Why are ball mats used at the entrance of the cargo hold?

A

To allow for manoeuvring of the cargo during unloading and loading

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23
Q

What are the 3 components needed in the cargo loading system? (Not part names)

A
  • Transport
  • Guidance
  • Restraining and locking
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24
Q

What can move the cargo over the cargo hold floor?

A

PDU’s, Power Drive Units

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25
Q

What are some transport components in the cargo bay?

A

PDU’s and ball mat

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26
Q

What is the purpose of an ARO? (Cargo bay)

A

Anti-Roll-Out prevents the ULD from moving/falling out

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27
Q

Where are ARO’s found?

A

Cargo door sill

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28
Q

If switch is on and aircraft power is on what condition must be met for loading system to work?

A

Cargo door must be fully open

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29
Q

What doors are used for loading, unloading and emergency exit?

A

Main Entry Doors (MED’s)

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30
Q

What do service doors allow?

A

Access to systems for servicing

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31
Q

How does a plug type door seal itself?

A

Seals itself by taking advantage of the differences in pressure. The high pressure wedges the door into the frame

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32
Q

How does a non plug type door seal itself?

A

Opens outward and locks with pins or latches

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33
Q

What type of doors are cargo and service doors?

A

Non-plug type

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34
Q

How are MED’s numbered?

A

From nose to tail, followed by letters corresponding to the side of the aircraft

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35
Q

How is the crew notified that the door is latched correctly?

A

Door warning system

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36
Q

What is the aircraft door structure similar too?

A

The fuselage

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37
Q

What is skinned on the inside and outside of the door for strength?

A

Vertical and horizontal aluminium structural members

38
Q

What does the door structure consist of?

A
  • Beams main structure in frame
  • Formers connect parts or attach brackets
  • Intercostals provide additional rigidity
39
Q

What does the door frame stop do?

A

Holds the door closed when pressurised using a pressure stop pin

40
Q

What transfers the pressure loads to fuselage fittings?

A

Pressure stop fitting

41
Q

What are the functions of door seals?

A
  • Stop leaks and light
  • Reduce noise and thermal
  • Improve streamlining
42
Q

When do some seals inflate?

A

When the aircraft is pressurised

43
Q

What are the locking mechanisms controlled by? (Doors)

A

Interior and exterior handles

44
Q

If a MED is to be opened from the inside, what precaution must be taken before hand?

A

Ensure the door is disarmed

45
Q

The operator should ensure what light is not lit before opening a MED?

A

That the cabin pressure light is not lit

46
Q

What are some requirements for the flight deck door?

A
  • Lockable
  • Bulletproof etc.
  • Decompression panel
47
Q

What should occur in the event of cockpit decompression?

A

Door opens if not the panel will

48
Q

Where are emergency exit hatches located?

A

Over the wing

49
Q

What holds the emergency slide to the aircraft?

A

Girt bar

50
Q

What will happen if someone attempts to open a door that is still armed?

A

A Light will illuminate warning the person that the door is still armed. This is only an issue if the door is opened from the inside.

51
Q

What should be installed on the cargo door actuators to stop them from closing?

A

Safety gags

52
Q

What can be installed to ensure the MED is in the disarmed position?

A

Safety pins

53
Q

What are cargo doors connected to?

A

Fuselage frames

54
Q

Where is the bulk cargo door?

A

Behind the aft cargo door on the right

55
Q

How is the bulk cargo door opened?

A

Manually

56
Q

What assists in the opening of the bulk cargo door?

A

Counterbalance spring

57
Q

What are passenger windows attached to?

A

Frames that are part of the fuselage

58
Q

What is the composition of a passenger window?

A

Outer pane into the frame with a retaining device. Followed by a seal and the inner pane

59
Q

What windows are in the flight deck?

A

3 on each side. Centre is the windshield, middle is the moveable and the furthest back is a fixed window

60
Q

How is the glass in the cockpit constructed?

A

Laminated with sealant in-between.

61
Q

What is the anti-ice protection of a window?

A

Conductive lamination to defrost/ de-mist

62
Q

What additional benefit does the heating element have for the window?

A

Increase impact resistance

63
Q

Chips, Cracks and scratches should lead to window replacement under what conditions?

A
  • Chips, Cracks in inner pane
  • Cracks in the outer glass
  • Cracks in the vinyl
  • Scratches more than 0.002 inches deep
64
Q

What does a full cantilever design mean?

A

The weight of the wings is fully supported by the fuselage with no braces

65
Q

What are jury struts?

A

Struts that run vertical

66
Q

What is the wing construction based on?

A

Mono-spar, multi-spar and box beam

67
Q

Wing tips are for what purpose?

A

Round off wing and have the Nav light

68
Q

What can be done to ensure safety while working on primary control surfaces?

A

Control locks

69
Q

What are methods of balancing?

A
  • Aerodynamic (Horn)
  • Mass balancing
70
Q

What is the function of a pylon?

A

To carry the engine

71
Q

Where is the aileron attached to the wing tips?

A

The front spar of the aileron is attached to the rear spar of the wing

72
Q

Where are the outboard set of spoilers located?

A

Aft face of the wing rear spar

73
Q

Where are the inboard set of spoilers located?

A

Aft face of the spoilers support beam

74
Q

What are both the inboard flaps attached to?

A

Spoiler support beam and landing gear support beam

75
Q

What are both the outboard flaps attached to?

A

Lower edges of special wing ribs, forward of the wing rear spar

76
Q

Where are the actuators for LE flaps and slats?

A

Forward face of the wing front spar

77
Q

How is the vertical fin accessed?

A

Removable access door bolted to the inside of the fuselage

78
Q

What are the control surface attachment types?

A

Hinges or tracks

79
Q

What does the torque box house?

A

Bearing and engine attachments fittings

80
Q

Where is the fan cowl support beam?

A

Extends forward of the torque box and is bolted by a link and attachment fittings to the forward end of the torque box

81
Q

When the aircraft is airborne, what stress affects the engine mount bolts?

A

Torsional

82
Q

When the aircraft is on the ground, what engine mount bolts take the weight of the engine?

A

Top bolts

83
Q

What forces does the forward engine mount take?

A
  • Vertical, side and axial
84
Q

What can both the aft and forward turbofan engine mount accommodate for?

A

Thermal expansion

85
Q

What forces can the aft engine mount take?

A
  • Vertical and side loads
86
Q

What type of engine would an engine mount ring be found?

A

Reciprocating

87
Q

What are the mounts on a reciprocating engine called?

A

Dynafocal mounts

88
Q

What is the purpose of dynafocal mounts?

A

Isolate vibration from engine

89
Q

How are powerplants divided into cooling zones?

A

Fireproof bulkheads, known as firewalls

90
Q

What must fire shields and heat blankets be examined for?

A

Cracks, tears and burned areas

91
Q

Where are flameproof panels and diaphragms in the engine?

A

Nose cowl, hinged cowl panels and engine pylon.

Combustion section and gas generator also has flameproof panels.

CAA Module 11 (22 decks)

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