Module 1 - Scientific Literature

Question 1

the process of locating, reading, and critically synthesizing what is already known about a topic. However, you may also find results that are more relevant to your purpose.

Answer 1

Literature Review

Question 2

NATURE OF SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE may include:

Answer 2

• Science journal websites
• ScienceDirect.com
• Nature.com
• OUP.com (Oxford University Press)
• RSNA.org (Radiological Society of North America)
• Government clearinghouses
• PubMed.gov (National Library of Medicine)
• Health.gov (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services).

Question 3

Use of specialized search engines such as Google Scholar and PsycINFO.

Answer 3

Scholarly Sources

Question 4

TRUE or FALSE

These search engines (Google Scholar and PsycINFO) will give you access to scholarly articles rather than those for the general public.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Notice two helpful bits of information when exploring the search engine.

First, the number of _ to the article is listed as a rough indication of how well the author’s peers rated the article and a link to those articles.

Answer 5

citations

Question 6

Notice two helpful bits of information when exploring the search engine.

Second, there is a link to ______ __. Both allow you to find other potentially relevant articles for your literature review.

Answer 6

Related Articles

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE
A scholarly source meets a combination of factors.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

A scholarly source meets a combination of factors.

First, scholarly sources are authored by _____ who are noted experts on the article’s topic.

Answer 8

scholars

Question 9

A scholarly source meets a combination of factors.

Second, the ____ process is conducted by other noted experts on the topic and peers of the author.

Answer 9

review

Question 10

A scholarly source meets a combination of factors.

Third, the _______ _______ published in the article adheres to a rigor and methodology sanctioned by the scholars’ field of study and followed by the publishing journal.

Answer 10

research evidence

Question 11

Scholarly sources of information are authored by ____, individuals who often have an advanced degree, as well as rigorous training in research methodology and a particular specialty area.

Answer 11

scholars

Question 12

TRUE or FALSE

A person might be very knowledgeable about a topic that you spent much time reading and writing about for an assignment, but that does not mean they are a scholar.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

TRUE or FALSE

A journalist who publishes an article in a magazine or newspaper might be knowledgeable about a topic but is not necessarily a scholar.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

In the _ world, a scholar is a highly trained individual who has designed studies, collected and analyzed data, and shared the results through presentations and publications about a specific research topic.

Answer 14

scientific

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE

Some scholars conduct research alone, but most work in collaborative teams.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

In scholarly sources, the author’s claims are based on the presentation of properly collected ______
________.

Answer 16

Scientific Evidence

Question 17

Depending on the type of scholarly work, the authors may describe the research methodology and findings of a specific scientific study they conducted, explain the current research literature related to the topic, or both.

Answer 17

Research Evidence

Question 18

The authors support their claims with citations to peer-reviewed journals and other scholarly sources.

Answer 18

Research Evidence

Question 19

A ____ source is based primarily on the opinions of the authors.

Answer 19

nonscholarly

Question 20

____ sources appeal to the readers’ emotions and/or deference to authority, and they do not cite scientific studies.

Answer 20

Nonscholarly

Question 21

_____ _____ are reviewed by experts in the same field to ensure accuracy and reliability.

Answer 21

Scholarly Works

Question 22

The highest standard of review occurs in ____ journals, which use external experts (i.e., experts who were not involved in the writing of the particular article) to review and approve an article before it is published.

Answer 22

peer-reviewed

Question 23

These experts are called “____” because they specialize in the same scholarly area as the authors; they are not necessarily friends with the authors and often do not even know the authors.

Answer 23

peers

Question 24

This enhanced review helps elevate the published information’s ______ and _______.

Answer 24

quality and validity

Question 25

1.

do not always follow the same strict procedures as peer-reviewed journals.

Answer 25

Scholarly Books

Question 26

undergo a review process in which external experts read an initial draft of the book and give recommendations for strengthening it.

Answer 26

Scholarly Books

Question 27

The ____ then works with the authors to revise the manuscript according to the reviewers’ feedback.

Answer 27

book publisher

Question 28

TRUE or FALSE

Sometimes, a scholarly book is not written by a single author or group of authors but rather is made up of different chapters written by various authors.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Such a volume is called an “____” book, and the editor is a prominent scholar who works with the chapter authors (also scholars) to ensure quality. This informal, internal review process sometimes occurs with an ____ review process.

Answer 29

edited; external

Question 30

a collection of articles written by scholars.

Answer 30

Academic Journal