M1: Week 1 Flashcards
He published the first experimental psychology textbook,”Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie” (“Principles of Physiological Psychology”).
Wilhelm Wundt
What year was the first experimental psychology textbook published, “Grundzüge der physiologischen Psychologie” (“Principles of Physiological
Psychology”).
1874
Opened a psychology lab in the United States. The lab was created for the purpose of class demonstrations at Harvard University rather than to perform original experimental research.
William James
William James opened a psychology lab in the United States. The lab was created for the purpose of class demonstrations at Harvard University rather than to perform original experimental research. On what year?
1875
The first experimental psychology lab was founded in ______________. Modern experimental psychology dates back to the establishment of the very first psychology lab by pioneering psychologist Wilhelm Wundt during the late nineteenth century.
Leipzig, Germany
On what year does the first experimental psychology lab was founded in Leipzig, Germany. Modern experimental psychology dates back to the establishment of the very first psychology lab by pioneering psychologist Wilhelm Wundt during the late nineteenth century.
1879
Opened the first experimental psychology lab in the United States at John Hopkins University.
G. Stanley Hall
On what year G. Stanley Hall opened the first experimental psychology lab in the United States at John Hopkins University?
1883
He published his famous “Über das Gedächtnis” (“On Memory”), which was later translated to English as “Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology.”
Herman Ebbinghaus
In the work, _____________ described learning and memory experiments that he conducted on himself.
Herman Ebbinghaus
“Über das Gedächtnis” which was later translated to English as?
“Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology.”
What year does Herman Ebbinghaus published his famous “Über das Gedächtnis” (“On Memory”), which was later translated to English as “Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology.” In the work, Ebbinghaus described learning and memory experiments that he conducted on himself.
1885
He published his textbook “Elements of Physiological Psychology,” the first American book to include a significant amount of information on experimental psychology.
George Truball Ladd
What year does George Truball Ladd published his textbook “Elements of Physiological Psychology,” the first American book to include a significant amount of information on experimental psychology.
1887
He established the world’s third experimental psychology lab at the University of Pennsylvania.
James McKeen Cattell
George Truball Ladd published his textbook ____________________, the first American book to include a significant amount of information on
experimental psychology.
“Elements of Physiological
Psychology,”
Where is the world’s third experimental psychology lab
University of Pennsylvania
What year does James McKeen Cattell established the world’s third experimental psychology lab at the University of Pennsylvania.
1887
In 1890 ________________ published his classic textbook, “The Principles of Psychology.”
William James
What year does William James published his classic textbook, “The Principles of Psychology.”
1890
What book does William James published?
“The Principles of Psychology.”
established an experimental psychology lab at Wellesley College, becoming the first woman to form a psychology lab.
Mary Whiton Calkins
What year does Mary Whiton Calkins established an experimental psychology lab at Wellesley
College, becoming the first woman to form a psychology lab.
1891
Where is the first experimental psychology lab in the United States
John Hopkins University
founded the American Psychological Association, the largest professional and scientific organization of psychologists in the United States
G. Stanley Hall
What year does G. Stanley Hall founded the American Psychological Association, the largest professional and scientific organization of psychologists in the United States.
1893
In 1893, G. Stanley Hall founded the
_________________________, the largest professional and scientific organization of psychologists in the United States.
American Psychological Association
They conducted their now-famous Little Albert Experiment, in which they demonstrated that emotional reactions could be classically conditioned in people.
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner
What year does Edwin Boring’s ___________________ book was published. Boring was an influential experimental psychologist who was devoted to the use of experimental methods in psychology research.
1929; “A History of Experimental Psychology”
What year does John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner conducted their now-famous Little Albert Experiment, in which they demonstrated that emotional reactions could be classically conditioned in people.
1920
He published “A History of Experimental Psychology” and was an influential experimental psychologist who was devoted to the use of experimental methods in psychology research
Edwin Boring
He published “Construct Validity in Psychological Tests,” which popularized the use of construct validity in psychological studies.
Lee Cronbach
What year does Lee Cronbach published _________________ ,which popularized the use of construct validity in psychological studies.
1955; “Construct Validity in Psychological Tests,”
What year does ____________ published which _________________ ,described his experiments with rhesus monkeys on attachment and love
1958; Harry Harlow; “The Nature of Love,”
He conducted his famous Bobo doll experiment, which demonstrated the effects of observation on aggressive behavior.
Albert Bandura
Aims at establishing quantified relationships and explanatory theory through the analysis of responses under various controlled conditions and the synthesis of adequate theoretical accounts from the results of these observations.
Experimental psychology
The scientific study of behavior, motives, or cognition in a laboratory or other controlled setting in order to predict, explain, or influence behavior or other psychological phenomena.
Experimental psychology
A research design in which a causal relationship is investigated by manipulating an independent variable and measuring a dependent variable, while other variables are held constant.
Experimental research
A group of participants in an experiment who are exposed to a particular manipulation of the
independent variable.
Experimental group (treatment group)
A comparison group of participants in an experiment who receive no intervention or are not exposed to the manipulation of the independent variable
Control group
The variable in a causal relationship that is hypothesized to influence the dependent variable and that is manipulated in experimental research.
Independent variable (treatment variable)
The variable in a causal relationship that is hypothesized to be influenced by the independent variable
Dependent variable
The joint effect of two or more independent variables on a dependent variable beyond the sum of their individual effects; the effect of one independent variable depends on the level of the other independent variable.
Interaction effect
The variable that is observed to change as a result of a change in the predictor (independent) variable and expresses the result of an association
Outcome variable
The variable in an association that is used to estimate or forecast a result or outcome.
Predictor variable
Variables that are unrelated to the research question but that might affect the dependent variable.
Extraneous variables
An uncontrolled third variable that may account for the relationship between a predictor variable and an outcome variable, or between an independent variable and a dependent variable.
Confounding variables
A representative subset of a larger population that is selected for study with the aim of drawing conclusions about the population
Sample
A process that ensures every participant has an equal chance of being placed in an experimental or a control group in the study to maximize the likelihood that any observable changes in the dependent variable are due to the independent variable and not individual differences.
Random assignment
Most basic experimental design
Two-group design
Step 1 in Scientific Research Method
Observe a Phenomenon
Step 2 in Scientific Research Method
Ask a Question
Step 3 in Scientific Research Method
Review the Literature
Step 4 in Scientific Research Method
Form a Hypothesis
Step 5 in Scientific Research Method
Test the Hypothesis
Step 6 in Scientific Research Method
Analyze the Data
Step 7 in Scientific Research Method
Draw Conclusions
Step 8 in Scientific Research Method
Revise Theory
Can be crudely defined as a set of related statements that explains a variety of occurrences
Theory
Provides a framework for the systematic and orderly display of data—that is, it serves as a convenient way for the scientist to organize data.
Theory (Goal: Description)
Allows the scientist to generate predictions for situations in which no data have been obtained.
Theory (Goal: Explanation)
Empirical observations
Data
Organization of concepts that permit prediction of data
Theory
Working from data to theory, in which reasoning proceeds from particular data to a general theory.
INDUCTIVE
Which emphasizes theory predicting data; here, reasoning proceeds from a general theory to particular data.
DEDUCTIVE
is a very specific testable statement that can be evaluated from observable data.
Hypothesis
is a broader statement that cannot be tested directly.
Generalization
Simple, concise (sometimes called Occam’s razor)
PARSIMONY
Verifiable, falsifiable
TESTABILITY
Involve mathematical equations
PRECISION
Understand human behavior
FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE
