Module 1 Flashcards
Define exercise physiology
The study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise
Define clinical exercise physiology
Clinical physiologists work in clinical settings to develop exercise programmes for individuals with chronic medial conditions like heart disease
Define biomechanics
Analysing how the body moves, forces involved and how to improve the efficiency and reduce the risk of injury
Define sports nutrition
Study of how nutrition impact athletic performance and recovery
Define psychology
Explores psychological and emotional aspects of exercise
Define athletic training and sports medicine
Athletic training focuses on prevention, assessment, treatment and rehab of injured athletes an sports medicine encompasses the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of injuries related to exercise
Define motor control and learning
Examining how the nervous system controls and coordinates movement
Define sports technology
Focuses on the application of various technologies to enhance athletic performance, improve training and provide valuble insights into the sports world
How is global physical activity measured and reported? HINT feathers in ducks
Frequency
Intensity
Duration and usually reported via self reported questionnaire
Which 3 things does increased intensity also increase? HINT: hens rare eggs
Heart rate
Respiratory rate
Energy consumption
Why should we describe anthrompometric characteristics? HINT: Gold Coast Island
To assess growth and development in children and adolescents
To estimate body composition and health risks
To assess the effects of interventions
What is the calculation for BMI?
Mass (kg)/ Height (m2)
Define visceral adiposity
Fat stored deep inside the belly, wrapped around the organs, including the liver and intestines
What does an increased waist girth indicate?
Fat pattern (visceral adiposity) causing increased disease risk
What is the average male “healthy” waist girth?
> 102 cm
What is the average female “healthy” waist girth?
> 88 cm
Explain what it means when body composition is considered as “two compartments”
Body mass = fat mass + fat free mass
What are the main roles of fat mass in the body? HINT: extra ice
Energy source
Insulator
Explain the effect that fat mass has on the energy cost of work and outline why obesity also leads to increased muscle mass
Fat mass increases the energy cost of work, so obesity leads to increased muscle mass too
Explain why fat is a more valuable energy source in comparison to carbohydrates and protein
Fat is twice as energy dense as CHO and protein (37 kj vs 17 kj)
Outline the difference of endurance exercise supplied by fat vs CHO ad energy sources
Fat as an energy source could supply more than 120 hours of endurance exercise while CHO could only supply less than 1.5 hours of endurance exercise
During exercise, what do fat cells provide muscle cells with?
Energy
When fat cells provide muscle cells with energy during exercise, what is this expressed as?
Free fatty acids; main breakdown of fat (triglycerides)
What are the 3 main problems of insufficient fat? HINT: rich old asians
Relative energy disorder
Osteoporosis
Amenorrhea
How does osteoporosis impact athletes in comparison to older adults?
Stress fractures in athletes
Fractures when older for older adults
Define amenorrhea
No period for more than 90 days
Are females or just males reproductive systems impacted by insufficient fat?
Males are also affected
Define hypertrophy
Larger cells; more fat in them
Define hyperplasia
More cells
If I stop exercise will m muscle turn to fat?
No
Explain what adipokines are
Adipose tissue releases signalling molecules called adipokines. Some of these help regulate metabolism
Which molecule released from adipose tissue regulates metabolism and what does this mean?
Adiponectin, supports the function of the muscles and improves their ability to use glucose for energy
Define myokines
Muscle cells release their own signalling molecules called myokines in response to exercise and muscle contraction
