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SPEX102 > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define exercise physiology

A

The study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise

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2
Q

Define clinical exercise physiology

A

Clinical physiologists work in clinical settings to develop exercise programmes for individuals with chronic medial conditions like heart disease

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3
Q

Define biomechanics

A

Analysing how the body moves, forces involved and how to improve the efficiency and reduce the risk of injury

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4
Q

Define sports nutrition

A

Study of how nutrition impact athletic performance and recovery

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5
Q

Define psychology

A

Explores psychological and emotional aspects of exercise

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6
Q

Define athletic training and sports medicine

A

Athletic training focuses on prevention, assessment, treatment and rehab of injured athletes an sports medicine encompasses the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of injuries related to exercise

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7
Q

Define motor control and learning

A

Examining how the nervous system controls and coordinates movement

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8
Q

Define sports technology

A

Focuses on the application of various technologies to enhance athletic performance, improve training and provide valuble insights into the sports world

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9
Q

How is global physical activity measured and reported? HINT feathers in ducks

A

Frequency
Intensity
Duration and usually reported via self reported questionnaire

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10
Q

Which 3 things does increased intensity also increase? HINT: hens rare eggs

A

Heart rate
Respiratory rate
Energy consumption

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11
Q

Why should we describe anthrompometric characteristics? HINT: Gold Coast Island

A

To assess growth and development in children and adolescents
To estimate body composition and health risks
To assess the effects of interventions

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12
Q

What is the calculation for BMI?

A

Mass (kg)/ Height (m2)

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13
Q

Define visceral adiposity

A

Fat stored deep inside the belly, wrapped around the organs, including the liver and intestines

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14
Q

What does an increased waist girth indicate?

A

Fat pattern (visceral adiposity) causing increased disease risk

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15
Q

What is the average male “healthy” waist girth?

A

> 102 cm

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16
Q

What is the average female “healthy” waist girth?

A

> 88 cm

17
Q

Explain what it means when body composition is considered as “two compartments”

A

Body mass = fat mass + fat free mass

18
Q

What are the main roles of fat mass in the body? HINT: extra ice

A

Energy source
Insulator

19
Q

Explain the effect that fat mass has on the energy cost of work and outline why obesity also leads to increased muscle mass

A

Fat mass increases the energy cost of work, so obesity leads to increased muscle mass too

20
Q

Explain why fat is a more valuable energy source in comparison to carbohydrates and protein

A

Fat is twice as energy dense as CHO and protein (37 kj vs 17 kj)

21
Q

Outline the difference of endurance exercise supplied by fat vs CHO ad energy sources

A

Fat as an energy source could supply more than 120 hours of endurance exercise while CHO could only supply less than 1.5 hours of endurance exercise

22
Q

During exercise, what do fat cells provide muscle cells with?

A

Energy

23
Q

When fat cells provide muscle cells with energy during exercise, what is this expressed as?

A

Free fatty acids; main breakdown of fat (triglycerides)

24
Q

What are the 3 main problems of insufficient fat? HINT: rich old asians

A

Relative energy disorder
Osteoporosis
Amenorrhea

25
Q

How does osteoporosis impact athletes in comparison to older adults?

A

Stress fractures in athletes
Fractures when older for older adults

26
Q

Define amenorrhea

A

No period for more than 90 days

27
Q

Are females or just males reproductive systems impacted by insufficient fat?

A

Males are also affected

28
Q

Define hypertrophy

A

Larger cells; more fat in them

29
Q

Define hyperplasia

A

More cells

30
Q

If I stop exercise will m muscle turn to fat?

A

No

31
Q

Explain what adipokines are

A

Adipose tissue releases signalling molecules called adipokines. Some of these help regulate metabolism

32
Q

Which molecule released from adipose tissue regulates metabolism and what does this mean?

A

Adiponectin, supports the function of the muscles and improves their ability to use glucose for energy

33
Q

Define myokines

A

Muscle cells release their own signalling molecules called myokines in response to exercise and muscle contraction

SPEX102 (34 decks)

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