Midterm study - mixed cards

Question 1

Explain the force velocity power relationship

Answer 1

Power is not linear and needs force and displacement overtime

Question 2

Why are movements classified?

Answer 2

Its really important for different professions to effectively work with people to help them improve how they move eg clinical or coaching

Question 3

How does pH impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

Answer 3

Acidity interferes with the cross bridges ability to form and break

Question 4

How does temp impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

Answer 4

Things happen faster at a high temp eg fatigue faster

Question 5

How do enzymes impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

Answer 5

Enzymes help speed up metabolsim/chemical reactions in the body eg digesting food

Question 6

What is a key reason to measure energy use?

Answer 6

Provides an excellent measure of exercise intensity

Question 7

What is endurance fitness?

Answer 7

Ability to sustain power

Question 8

What are the 3 major energy systems that can make ATP?

Answer 8

Phosphagen
Anaerobic glycolytic
Aerobic

Question 9

What are the main advantages and disadvanatges of the phosphagen energy system?

Answer 9

Advantage - extremely fast
Disadvanatage - tiny store of ATP and PCr as they are too heavy

Question 10

What can any substrate never do?

Answer 10

Run out, they only deplete

Question 11

Briefly explain the process of the anaerobic glycolytic system

Answer 11

Starts with glucose from blood or original form (glycogen)
Glucose is turned into pyruvate
Stops there or may produce lactic acid if insufficient oxygen and/or accumulation of hydrogen bonds from ATP turnover

Question 12

List the 3 basic tenants of training

Answer 12

You can only train the muscle you activate
Muscle response is specific to the way we train it
Muscle growth is non uniform

Question 13

Which 3 factors determine force?

Answer 13

Anatomical
Physiological
Mechanical

Question 14

Discuss the 3 points - optimum point, mid point and lengthened arm

Answer 14

Optimum point - cant pull any further
Mid point - most advantageous
Lengthened - no overlapping sarcomeres, less advantageous

Question 15

Importance of fat physically

Answer 15

Insulator, valuable fuel source, energy

Question 16

Importance of fat metabolically

Answer 16

Fat cells provide muscle cells with energy during exercise expressed as free fatty acids

Question 17

List some probelms of having insufficient fat

Answer 17

REDS
Osteoperosis
Amenorrhoea
Fractures when older

Question 18

What is torque?

Answer 18

Turning effect that the muscles can produce

Question 19

Which 2 things is the turning effect a combination of?

Answer 19

The force the muscle applies and where on the distal end the tendon inserts

Question 20

List the 3 measurement issues with physical activity

Answer 20

Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity

Question 21

Which sort of people tend to be less active globally?

Answer 21

Females
Older adults
People with disease/disabilities

Question 22

Define physical activity

Answer 22

The bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

Question 23

Define exercise

Answer 23

Voluntary physical actively undertaken for the purpose of health and fitness

Question 24

Define oranga

Answer 24

Promote well being for individuals, communities and environments

Question 25

Explain the concept of how humans got onto their feet

Answer 25

Bipedalism was favoured by natural selection

Question 26

2 main types of human movement

Answer 26

Endurance Power

Question 27

Why is evolution important for sports and exercise science?

Answer 27

Sports and exercise subdisciplines help explain how humans move the way we do

Question 28

What are the main exercise science subdisciplines?

Answer 28

Physiology Neuroscience Psychology Motor control Biomechanics

Question 29

What do you need to know when predicting energy usage from work rate and why?

Answer 29

You need to know body mass, as if you are heavier you are working at a higher work rate

Question 30

What is basal metabolic rate?

Answer 30

A true resting state

Question 31

How does age impact FFM?

Answer 31

Muscle mass increases in puberty and decreases in adulthood

Question 32

Which kind of measurements are most accurate for estimating energy use?

Answer 32

Oxygen consumption measurements

Question 33

What must a treadmill know in order to accurately count your calories?

Answer 33

Your weight

Question 34

Explain the relationship between work rate and oxygen uptake

Answer 34

This relationship is linear, as the work rate increases so does oxygen uptake

Question 35

Why do we need aerobic power?

Answer 35

To sustain intensity and replenish the aerobic capacities

Question 36

List 2 key physical attributes for endurance settings

Answer 36

Aerobic fitness Economy of movement

Question 37

List 2 key physiological attributes for endurance settings

Answer 37

Lactate threshold Oxygen threshold

Question 38

List 2 key psychological attributes for endurance settings

Answer 38

Resilience Motivation

Question 39

What are the 2 main different ways to measure endurance performance?

Answer 39

Just doing the task Surrogate performance

Question 40

Which is a more effective way of measuring endurance out of just doing the task vs a surrogate performance and why?

Answer 40

If you just do the task, you may interfere with your training schedule and it may not also be the true environment that you will be performing in so may not be accurate If you do a surrogate performance you interfere with your training schedule a lot less and it is a much shorter, practical version to do it

Question 41

What is max aerobic power (VO2 max)?

Answer 41

The maximum rate at that you can use oxygen

Question 42

What is VO2 max limited by?

Answer 42

Haemoglobin mass Heart size and function Blood volume

Question 43

Why measure VO2 max?

Answer 43

It's a major determinant of endurance in many contexts eg longevity and sports

Question 44

What is a key limiting factor of explosive exercise?

Answer 44

How fast ATP can be used/broken down

Question 45

What's the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

Answer 45

Anabolic reactions mean to build it up and catabolic reactions mean to break it down

Question 46

What does PCr stand for?

Answer 46

Creatine phosphate

Question 47

Which 3 forms of biological work is ATP needed to drive?

Answer 47

Mechanical work Chemical work Transport work

Question 48

Define mechanical work

Answer 48

Muscle contraction breaks cross bridges to create new actin and myosin connections to keep the movement going

Question 49

Define chemical work

Answer 49

Makes new molecules

Question 50

Define transport work

Answer 50

Needs to keep electrical signals going

Question 51

Why don't we just use the systems that are fast?

Answer 51

The slowest system, aerobic has the highest ATP yield (34+)

Question 52

What is ATP yield?

Answer 52

The amount of energy (as ATP)gained from glucose catabolism

Question 54

What is the purpose of describing anthropometric characteristics ?

Answer 54

To assess growth and development in children and adolescents as well as estimating body composition for a large number of people, eg general population and athletic population