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SPEX102 > Midterm study - mixed cards > Flashcards

Midterm study - mixed cards Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the force velocity power relationship

A

Power is not linear and needs force and displacement overtime

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2
Q

Why are movements classified?

A

Its really important for different professions to effectively work with people to help them improve how they move eg clinical or coaching

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3
Q

How does pH impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

A

Acidity interferes with the cross bridges ability to form and break

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4
Q

How does temp impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

A

Things happen faster at a high temp eg fatigue faster

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5
Q

How do enzymes impact the rate of metabolic reactions?

A

Enzymes help speed up metabolsim/chemical reactions in the body eg digesting food

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6
Q

What is a key reason to measure energy use?

A

Provides an excellent measure of exercise intensity

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7
Q

What is endurance fitness?

A

Ability to sustain power

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8
Q

What are the 3 major energy systems that can make ATP?

A

Phosphagen
Anaerobic glycolytic
Aerobic

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9
Q

What are the main advantages and disadvanatges of the phosphagen energy system?

A

Advantage - extremely fast
Disadvanatage - tiny store of ATP and PCr as they are too heavy

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10
Q

What can any substrate never do?

A

Run out, they only deplete

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11
Q

Briefly explain the process of the anaerobic glycolytic system

A

Starts with glucose from blood or original form (glycogen)
Glucose is turned into pyruvate
Stops there or may produce lactic acid if insufficient oxygen and/or accumulation of hydrogen bonds from ATP turnover

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12
Q

List the 3 basic tenants of training

A

You can only train the muscle you activate
Muscle response is specific to the way we train it
Muscle growth is non uniform

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13
Q

Which 3 factors determine force?

A

Anatomical
Physiological
Mechanical

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14
Q

Discuss the 3 points - optimum point, mid point and lengthened arm

A

Optimum point - cant pull any further
Mid point - most advantageous
Lengthened - no overlapping sarcomeres, less advantageous

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15
Q

Importance of fat physically

A

Insulator, valuable fuel source, energy

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16
Q

Importance of fat metabolically

A

Fat cells provide muscle cells with energy during exercise expressed as free fatty acids

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17
Q

List some probelms of having insufficient fat

A

REDS
Osteoperosis
Amenorrhoea
Fractures when older

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18
Q

What is torque?

A

Turning effect that the muscles can produce

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19
Q

Which 2 things is the turning effect a combination of?

A

The force the muscle applies and where on the distal end the tendon inserts

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20
Q

List the 3 measurement issues with physical activity

A

Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity

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21
Q

Which sort of people tend to be less active globally?

A

Females
Older adults
People with disease/disabilities

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22
Q

Define physical activity

A

The bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

23
Q

Define exercise

A

Voluntary physical actively undertaken for the purpose of health and fitness

24
Q

Define oranga

A

Promote well being for individuals, communities and environments

25
Q

Explain the concept of how humans got onto their feet

A

Bipedalism was favoured by natural selection

26
Q

2 main types of human movement

A

Endurance
Power

27
Q

Why is evolution important for sports and exercise science?

A

Sports and exercise subdisciplines help explain how humans move the way we do

28
Q

What are the main exercise science subdisciplines?

A

Physiology
Neuroscience
Psychology
Motor control
Biomechanics

29
Q

What do you need to know when predicting energy usage from work rate and why?

A

You need to know body mass, as if you are heavier you are working at a higher work rate

30
Q

What is basal metabolic rate?

A

A true resting state

31
Q

How does age impact FFM?

A

Muscle mass increases in puberty and decreases in adulthood

32
Q

Which kind of measurements are most accurate for estimating energy use?

A

Oxygen consumption measurements

33
Q

What must a treadmill know in order to accurately count your calories?

A

Your weight

34
Q

Explain the relationship between work rate and oxygen uptake

A

This relationship is linear, as the work rate increases so does oxygen uptake

35
Q

Why do we need aerobic power?

A

To sustain intensity and replenish the aerobic capacities

36
Q

List 2 key physical attributes for endurance settings

A

Aerobic fitness
Economy of movement

37
Q

List 2 key physiological attributes for endurance settings

A

Lactate threshold
Oxygen threshold

38
Q

List 2 key psychological attributes for endurance settings

A

Resilience
Motivation

39
Q

What are the 2 main different ways to measure endurance performance?

A

Just doing the task
Surrogate performance

40
Q

Which is a more effective way of measuring endurance out of just doing the task vs a surrogate performance and why?

A

If you just do the task, you may interfere with your training schedule and it may not also be the true environment that you will be performing in so may not be accurate
If you do a surrogate performance you interfere with your training schedule a lot less and it is a much shorter, practical version to do it

41
Q

What is max aerobic power (VO2 max)?

A

The maximum rate at that you can use oxygen

42
Q

What is VO2 max limited by?

A

Haemoglobin mass
Heart size and function
Blood volume

43
Q

Why measure VO2 max?

A

It’s a major determinant of endurance in many contexts eg longevity and sports

44
Q

What is a key limiting factor of explosive exercise?

A

How fast ATP can be used/broken down

45
Q

What’s the difference between anabolic and catabolic reactions?

A

Anabolic reactions mean to build it up and catabolic reactions mean to break it down

46
Q

What does PCr stand for?

A

Creatine phosphate

47
Q

Which 3 forms of biological work is ATP needed to drive?

A

Mechanical work
Chemical work
Transport work

48
Q

Define mechanical work

A

Muscle contraction breaks cross bridges to create new actin and myosin connections to keep the movement going

49
Q

Define chemical work

A

Makes new molecules

50
Q

Define transport work

A

Needs to keep electrical signals going

51
Q

Why don’t we just use the systems that are fast?

A

The slowest system, aerobic has the highest ATP yield (34+)

52
Q

What is ATP yield?

A

The amount of energy (as ATP)gained from glucose catabolism

53
Q
A
54
Q

What is the purpose of describing anthropometric characteristics ?

A

To assess growth and development in children and adolescents as well as estimating body composition for a large number of people, eg general population and athletic population

SPEX102 (34 decks)

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