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SPEX102 > Lecture Outlines Quizlet Questions > Flashcards

Lecture Outlines Quizlet Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of human body movement

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2
Q

Physical activity

A

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure

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3
Q

Exercise

A

Voluntary physical activity undertaken for the sake of health and fitness

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4
Q

Around what year did the academic study of exercise science begin?

A

1960s

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5
Q

Exercise science…

A

Seeks to explain the scientific principles of underling human movement

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6
Q

Underlying principles of human movement…

A

Anatomical, Mechanical, Physiological, Psychological, Nutritional

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7
Q

What makes up exercise science

A

Multiple disciplines

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8
Q

How many adults globally do not meet the WHO physical activity guidelines

A

1 in 4 (23%)

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9
Q

How many adolescents (aged 11-17 years) globally do not meet the WHO physical activity recommendations

A

3 in 4

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10
Q

Oranga benefits

A

Prevents/manages NCDS
Reduces depression and anxiety
Benefits learning and growth

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11
Q

Wellbeing is…

A

Multifaced

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12
Q

CRF =

A

Cardio respiratory fitness

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13
Q

Issues measuring physical activity

A

Validity
Reliability
Sensitivity

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14
Q

MET =

A

Metabolic equivalent of task

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15
Q

1 MET =

A

Energy expended by an individual when seated/at rest

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16
Q

Physical activity guidelines and public health intervention =

A

Not equal

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17
Q

Play

A

Incidental physical activity

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18
Q

Practice

A

Intentional training

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19
Q

Fitness

A

Attributes that enable the completion of desired activity of task/ability to meet the demands of the environment

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20
Q

How can you achieve fitness

A

Genetics and/or physical activity and/or exercise

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21
Q

What exercise and physical activity have in common

A

Longevity (lifespan)
Cross adaptation (stress resilience)
Performance (more so for exercise)
Health (but exercise can harm)

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22
Q

Components of fitness

A

Physical/physiological = strength, speed/power, endurance/stamina, flexibility
Skill/neuromuscular = balance, agility, coordination, reaction time

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23
Q

Principles of fitness training/programming apply to…

A

Physical activity for health AND training for performance

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24
Q

3 related principles of fitness training/programming

A

Initial values
People with lower physical fitness will show relatively greater gains and at a faster rate
Diminishing returns

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25
Q

Overload

A

Increasing frequency, duration or intensity and adapting

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26
Q

Which factor of overload has the biggest effect

A

Intensity

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27
Q

Periodisation

A

Structured variation

28
Q

The 3 M’s

A

Long term (macro cycle)
Medium term (mesocycle)
Short term (microcycle)

29
Q

VO2 Max

A

Good whole body WOF
The maximum amount of oxygen the body can take in and use during exercise

30
Q

2 powerful players that govern our physical activity

A

Genetically driven to minimise physical activity
Modern built environment

31
Q

Humans are unimpressive for

A

Strength, speed and power

32
Q

Humans unmatched in

A

Complex skill and and endurance capacity in heat

33
Q

Our activity spectrum is

A

Large at both ends from Westernised lifestyle to elite athletes

34
Q

In one generation we have lost what

A

A critical amount of fitness

35
Q

The divergent exercise contexts

A

Inactive people produce too little heat, elite athletes produce too much heat

36
Q

2 exercise science approaches (in this course)

A

Westernisation vs Te Ao Māori (vastly different)

37
Q

Scrutiny on analysis and interpretation

A

Many studies show and suggest “no effect”
Null and unclear findings are valuble but difficult to publish
Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence

38
Q

3 examples of slow evolution of knowledge, attitudes and approaches

A

Military, the marathon, reversal on approach to heart disease

39
Q

Biology quote memorise

A

“Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution”

40
Q

Exercise science sub disciplines

A

Physiology, biomechanics, motor learning etc - help explain HOW humans move

41
Q

The evolutionary perspective

A

Explains WHY humans move the way we do

42
Q

Fundamental evolution principle

A

Adaptations that promote reproductive success are favoured

43
Q

Bilateral symmetry allows

A

Organisms to move purposefully an efficiently

44
Q

In phase movement

A

Limbs move together/same way (kangaroos)

45
Q

Anti phase movement

A

Limbs move in opposition (humans)

46
Q

Feet then:

A

Small heel
Ankle adapted for climbing
Flexible mid foot
Grasping big toe

47
Q

Feet now:

A

Large heel
Ankle adapted for walking
Stiff mid foot
Adducted big toe in line with others

48
Q

Bipedalism

A

Ability to walk upright on 2 legs, frees up hands for throwing etc (hunting gathering)

49
Q

Persistence hunting

A

Chasing after an animal for long distances until the prey exhausts itself

50
Q

What 3 things do biologists believe co-evolved?

A

Tool use
Language
Cognition

51
Q

Purpose of describing anthropometric characteristics

A

Assess growth and development in children and adolescents
Estimate body composition and health risk
Assess effects of interventions

52
Q

Common anthropometric measurements

A

Height
Mass (BMI mass/heightm2
Body circumference/ girth - increased waist girth indicates fat pattern/visceral adiposity and increased disease risk

53
Q

BMI does not account for

A

Body composition

54
Q

BMI cut offs are inappropriate because

A

Disease risk increases continuously and is not the same for all populations

55
Q

Anthropometry

A

Standardised techniques to quantify or predict body size, proportion and shape

56
Q

Body density

A

Body mass (BM) per unit body volume

57
Q

Specific gravity

A

BM in air, divided by loss of weight in water (BM/BM - BMWwater)

58
Q

Fat mass (FM)

A

All extractable lipids from adipose and other body tissues

59
Q

What is lean BM made up of

A

FFM and essential fat

60
Q

BM equation

A

BM = FM + FFM

61
Q

Fat patterning

A

Distribution of FM

62
Q

What is FFM (fat free mass)?

A

Everything but fat - blood, bones, connective tissue, muscle, organs etc

63
Q

What is FFM also sometimes referred to as?

A

Lean BM

64
Q

Direct measurement (cadaver) shows:

A

Actual ratios of internal to subcutaneous fat masses
Extent of differences in composition and densities of lean and fat tissues in between people

65
Q

Imaging of tissues - Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) rationale, accuracy and issues

A

Fat, bone and protein tissues scatter and transmits energy beams differently (Due to different densities and chemical compositions)
Can measure FFM and bone density regionally and whole body
High accuracy - typical error 1-2%

66
Q

Euhydration

A

Having a ‘normal’ amount of total body water (TBW)

67
Q
  1. Labelled water dilution rationale, accuracy and issues
A

3/4 (73.2%) of FFM is water
Call TBW after diluting a known mass of water into body
Get FFM
BM - FFM = FM

SPEX102 (34 decks)

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