MCQ Revision

Question 1

Which learning outcome was NOT listed in the course outline for SPEX102?

(A) Explain the scientific process and understand its importance and application
in exercise science. Use this understanding to describe the characteristics of
myths and scientific knowledge
(b) Provide a historical overview of changing sport technologies and predict
some likely directions for sports technology to develop in the future.
(c) Undertake meaningful measurement of human movement.
(d) Describe the major disciplines of exercise sciences and the interdisciplinary
approach to create scientific knowledge. Explain the scientific process and understand its importance and application
in exercise science. Use this understanding to describe the characteristics of
myths and scientific knowledge.

Answer 1

Provide a historical overview of changing sport technologies and predict some likely directions for sports technology to develop in the future

Question 2

Why do we have to practice to become skillful?
(a) The human body is complex.
(b) To coordinate our actions with environment and task demands.
(c) We need feedback from practice to learn effectively.
(d) All of the above

Answer 2

All of the above

Question 3

The principles of progression and periodisation ensure that training does not
increase the risk for:

Answer 3

Injury or over training

Question 4

Density of or within the body is
(a) higher for fat mass than for fat free mass.
(b) calculated as volume * mass.
(c) valuable for calculating its composition.
(d) 0.900 g/ml for fat free mass.

Answer 4

Valuable for calculating its composition

Question 5

Which is NOT a reason for exercise science to be increasingly focussing on
health?
(a) Westernisation of lifestyles is reducing physical activity and fitness levels to
an extent that impacts on health, socially and economically.
(b) Physical activity, including exercise, has benefits for primary and secondary
prevention of several major non communicable diseases.
(c) Almost all of the answers are already known for human performance,
whereas those for health are not.
(d) Health contexts also provide scientific insight in their own right.

Answer 5

Almost all of the answers are already known for human performance, whereas those for health are not

Question 6

The turning effect muscles have on the joints they cross is known as
(a) Joint force
(b) Torque or moment
(c) Moment arm
(d) Muscular effort

Answer 6

Torque or moment

Question 7

A Health at every Size approach to exercise and physical activity
(a) can enhance wellbeing.
(b) encourages weight gain.
(c) requires one hour of exercise each day.
(d) should be applied only to morbidly obese patients.

Answer 7

Can enhance wellbeing

Question 8

Exercises that isolate the movement of one joint can be considered
(a) Closed kinetic chain
(b) Open kinetic chain
(c) Open skills
(d) Anti-phase coordination

Answer 8

Open kinetic chain

Question 9

Which statement about Force is NOT correct?
(a) A force is a push or pull.
(b) A force always causes movement.
(c) A muscle may generate force.
(d) Forces that cause motion, may be measured by multiplying the mass by the
acceleration.

Answer 9

A force always causes movement

Question 10

Which statement is TRUE?
(a) A 1RM activity is usually performed at a very fast pace.
(b) A muscle fibre can generate maximum force when shortening velocity is
~30% of maximum shortening velocity.
(c) Concentric contractions are always fast, regardless of load.
(d) A muscle fibre can generate maximum power when its shortening
velocity is ~30% of maximum shortening velocity.

Answer 10

A muscle fibre can generate maximum power when its shortening velocity is ~30% of maximum shortening velocity

Question 11

Maximal aerobic power is most limited by one’s capability to
(a) deliver oxygen to muscles.
(b) use oxygen in muscle.
(c) move economically.
(d) produce force.

Answer 11

Deliver oxygen to muscles

Question 12

Exercise converts energy between various forms, but it eventually all becomes
(a) gravitational potential energy.
(b) chemical potential energy.
(c) thermal energy.
(d) kinetic energy.

Answer 12

Thermal energy

Question 13

What are the NZ Ministry of Health recommendations for physical activity of
adults?
(a) 150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per
week
(b) 10,000 steps per day
(c) They don’t have any guidelines
(d) 60 minutes of exercise per day

Answer 13

150 minutes of moderate activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week

Question 14

A significant physiological issue that limits exercise capacity in people with heart
disease is:
(a) Inability to move a joint through a full range of motion
(b) Inability to provide sufficient oxygen to working muscles
(c) Reliance on the upper body for movement and exercise
(d) Fear of fatigue

Answer 14

Inability to provide sufficient oxygen to working muscles

Question 15

Exercise pre-participation health screening in healthy sedentary people may help
to identify
(a) their preference for pre-workout meals.
(b) the number of hours of television they watch.
(c) potential risk for exercise-related cardiovascular events.
(d) potential risk for headache.

Answer 15

Potential risk for exercise related cardiovascular events

Question 16

Which of the following physiological responses in the brain typically occurs with
exercise?
(a) Increased temperature
(b) Increased blood flow
(c) Increased production of serotonin (neurotransmitter)
(d) All of the above

Answer 16

All of the above

Question 17

What is the LEAST likely way of helping clients/participants to experience
autonomous motivation?
(a) Listen to them and give them choice about what exercises to do
(b) Give them an exercise prescription that you feel will result in the best
health outcomes
(c) Provide a supportive peer group
(d) Work with them to develop a clear set of goals

Answer 17

Give them an exercise prescription that you feel will result in the best health outcomes

Question 18

Which is the LEAST important consideration in training for power?
(a) Incorporating explosive contractions
(b) Injury history and training status
(c) Ensuring that movement repetitions always be performed until failure
(d) Undertaking movements that resemble the power-related fitness being sought

Answer 18

Ensuring that movement repetitions always be performed until failure

Question 19

In which of the following situations might accelerated learning techniques be
beneficial?
(a) Recovering from injury
(b) Learning complex skills
(c) When there is plenty of time to practice
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer 19

Recovering from injury
Learning complex skills

Question 20

Which exercise parameter has the largest impact on exercise-induced strain?
(a) Duration
(b) Intensity
(c) Frequency
(d) They all have the same extent of impact

Answer 20

Intensity

Question 21

Name the four components of Durie’s Māori health model Te Whare Tapa Whā.
(a) Te Taha Tinana, Te Taha Hinengaro, Te Taha Wairua, Te Taha
Whānau
(b) Te Taha Whānau, Te Taha Tikanga, Te Taha Wairua, Te Taha Hinengaro
(c) Te Taha Tikanga, Taha Whānau, Te Taha Rangatira, Te Taha Tinana
(d) Te Taha Tinana, Te Taha Hinengaro, Te Taha Kaitiaki, Te Taha Tikanga

Answer 21

Te Taha Tinana
Te Taha Hinengaro
Te Taha Wairua
Te Taha Whanau

Question 22

For Māori and Pacific Islands peoples a strengths-based approach to physical
activity means all of the following, EXCEPT
(a) Reflecting on culture, identity and values.
(b) Deficit thinking.
(c) Whanaungatanga.
(d) Tikanga.

Answer 22

Deficit thinking

Question 23

To which environmental stressor do humans show the LEAST physical or
physiological adaptation to improve resilience or protection against sustained
exposure?
(a) Heat
(b) Hypoxia
(c) Cold
(d) Gravity

Answer 23

Cold

Question 24

Which environmental stimulus has the LEAST research and evidence for
providing beneficial effects on fitness for health or performance?
(a) Altitude
(b) Heat
(c) Gravity
(d) Pollution

Answer 24

Pollution

Question 25

Increased green space is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT
(a) increased amount of physical activity.
(b) increased intensity of physical activity.
(c) reduced mental stress/ anxiety.
(d) reduced cardiovascular risk.

Answer 25

Increased intensity of physical activity

Question 26

Observational research demonstrating an association between two things, e.g.
increased time spent sitting and poor health outcomes,
(a) means that there is a causal relationship between the two things.
(b) means that the two things are independently related (i.e. regardless of other
lifestyle or personal factors).
(c) is not strong evidence compared with that from an intervention study.
(d) (a) and (b).

Answer 26

Is not strong evidence compared to an intervention study

Question 27

Training aids are used to facilitate exercise volume or hasten recovery. Which is
the LEAST relevant factor to consider when evaluating research on the
effectiveness of training aids?
(a) Research cost
(b) Duration of the intervention or the monitoring of its effects.
(c) Fitness of participants.
(d) The quality of the research, including whether it has been peer reviewed.

Answer 27

Research cost

Question 28

Exercise scientists, coaches, etc, must be aware of publication bias; this refers to:
(a) Journals knowingly publish sensationalist data because it is more profitable.
(b) Studies that produce positive findings are more likely to be published,
which creates a biased representation of the findings generated by
science.
(c) At least 25% of scientists fabricate their findings to get publications.
(d) All of the above.

Answer 28

Studies that produce positive studies are more likely to be published, which creates a biased representation of the findings generated by science

Question 29

Wearable activity trackers are attractive to people interested in tracking their daily
activity for many reasons. Which of the following features is NOT typically
recorded by wearable devices?
(a) Step counter
(b) Heart rate monitor
(c) Active minutes
(d) Calories consumed

Answer 29

Calories consumed

Question 30

Of the options below, what is the most direct method of measuring energy
expenditure?
(a) Heart rate from chest strap
(b) Gas analysis
(c) Heart rate from photoplethysmography
(d) Self-reported activity combined with accelerometry

Answer 30

Gas analysis