MODERN Flashcards
1,”With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: (2022) 1. The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by Gajapati rulers. 2. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. 3. The English East India Company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara empire. Which of the statements given above are correct?”,”(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2022
1,b,”Statement 1 is incorrect: There is a difference in timeline of the events. The end of Gajapati Dynasty was in 1542 and the United East India Company of the Netherlands, formed in March 1605 by the Charter of Dutch Parliament and founded their first factory in Masulipatnam in Andhra in 1605. Statement 2 is correct: Alfonso de Albuquerque considered as Founder of the Portuguese power in India: captured Goa from Bijapur; persecuted Muslims; captured Bhatkal from Sri Krishna Deva Rai (1510) of Vijayanagara. Statement 3 is correct: The English East India Company established a factory in Madras in 1639 on land leased from representatives of Vijayanagara Empire called the Nayakas.”
2,”In the first quarter of the seventeenth century, in which of the following was/were the factory/factories of the English East India Company located? (2021) 1. Broach 2. Chicacole 3. Trichinopoly Select the correct answer using the code given below.”,”(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3”,2021
2,a,”The English East India Company had a factory at Broach (present-day Bharuch) in Gujarat, India during the seventeenth century. However, Chicacole (present-day Srikakulam) and Trichinopoly (present-day Tiruchirappalli) were not among the locations of the Company’s factories during this period. Establishment of Factories by English East India Company: West Coast: The English India Company established their factories at Agra, Ahmadabad, Baroda and Broach by 1619, under the control of the president and council of the Surat factory which was established in the year 1612. South-eastern Coast: EIC established their factories at Masulipatam in 1611 and Armagaon near Pulicat in 1626. Eastern India: In eastern India EIC established their factories at Hariharpur and Balasore(now Odisha) in 1633, at Hugli in 1651, followed by setting up factories at Patna, Dacca, Kasimbazar in Bengal and Bihar respectively.”
3,”Which one of the following statements does not apply to the system of Subsidiary Alliance introduced by Lord Wellesley? (2018) (a) To maintain a large standing army at others expense (b) To keep India safe from Napoleonic danger (c) To secure a fixed income for the Company (d) To establish British paramountcy over the Indian States”,2018
3,c,”The system aimed to establish British paramountcy over the Indian States and to ensure their military and political subservience to the British East India Company. Securing a fixed income for the company was not the primary objective of the system. Subsidiary Alliance by Wellesley (1798-1805): Allying Indian states maintained the British army at its frontier and paid for their maintenance. Ruler had to post British officials at their court. Ruler couldn’t employ Europeans without the British’s permission. Couldn’t contact enemies to make peace. Maintenance asked was high → Ruler’s couldn’t pay → asked to cede part of their territory.”
4,”With reference to the history of India, consider the following pairs: (2020) 1. Aurang - In-charge of treasury of the State 2. Banian - Indian agent of the East India Company 3. Mirasidar - Designated revenue payer to the State Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2020
4,b,”Pair 1 is incorrect: Aurang is a Persian term referring to a warehouse where goods are collected before being sold. Pair 2 is correct: The word Bania (also Vania) is derived from the Sanskrit vanij, meaning ‘a merchant’. The banian acted as an agent for individual East India Company managers and performed a range of functions including, bookkeeping, interpreting, and brokerage, as well as managing his household and personal business activities. Banians served as middlemen for European merchants in Bengal during the British era. Pair 3 is correct: Mirasdar in Urdu means hereditary landowner, co-proprietor and in Persian, miras is inheritance, estate. Under the Ryotwari settlement system in Southern India, the East India Company recognized mirasdars as the only proprietors of land, dismissing tenants’ rights completely. They were prohibited by law from selling their land but it can be leased to tenants for a nominal fee in return for its cultivation. They acted as a designated revenue payer of the state.”
5,”Which of the following statements correctly explain the impact of the Industrial Revolution on India during the first half of the nineteenth century? (2020) (a) Indian handicrafts were ruined. (b) Machines were introduced in the Indian textile industry in large numbers. (c) Railway lines were laid in many parts of the country. (d) Heavy duties were imposed on the imports of British manufactures.”,2020
5,a,”Declining and deindustrialisation of the Indian traditional cottage and handicraft industry was a direct effect of the industrial revolution in England along with the colonisation of India. Industrial Revolution and its impact on India’s indigenous industry: - The Industrial Revolution brought severe consequences to Indian society. - The fall and destruction of the urban and rural handicraft industry was one of the most significant effects of British Rule. - The Industrial Revolution in England also affected the textile industries in India in many ways, such as: English textiles were now posing a serious threat to Indian textiles in the European and American markets. Textiles from India were subject to high taxes in Britain. The African markets were successfully taken over by cheap, machine-made textiles from Britain. By the 1830s, inexpensive British manufactured products had inundated the Indian marketplaces. The Indian textile industries suffered as a result of them being less expensive than Indian textiles. - Following the Industrial Revolution, Britain began making textiles by a machine that were considerably more affordable and of higher quality than conventional Indian textiles. - The start of the industrial revolution had a negative impact on the Indian handicraft industry. - Additionally, the decline of the kings, chieftains, and zamindars who served as the employers of these masters of handicrafts led to the steady expansion of British dominion in India through outright battles with the rulers, which resulted in the suffering of handicrafts in India. - India became both a raw material supplier and a finished goods market. India, a country based on agriculture, became an economic colony. - The British items were inexpensive and only required a little amount of duty, while the Indian goods were subject to heavy import duties.”
6,”Which one of the following groups of plants was domesticated in the ‘New World’ and introduced into the ‘Old World’? (2019) (a) Tobacco, cocoa and rubber (b) Tobacco, cotton and rubber (c) Cotton, coffee and sugarcane (d) Rubber, coffee and wheat”,2019
6,a,”Tobacco, cocoa, and rubber are the groups of plants that were domesticated in the ‘New World’ and introduced into the ‘Old World’ through the European explorers in the late medieval or early modern era. The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, named for Christopher Columbus, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, West Africa, and the Old World in the 15th and 16th centuries. It also relates to European colonization and trade following Christopher Columbus’s 1492 voyage. Invasive species, including communicable diseases, were a by-product of the Exchange. Old World to New World: Coffee, wheat, cotton, barley, rice, sugarcane and sugar beet, etc. New World to Old World: avocado, cashew, cocoa bean, potato, maize, rubber, tobacco, etc.”
7,”Economically, one of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the: (2018) (a) increase in the export of Indian handicrafts (b) growth in the number of Indian owned factories (c) commercialization of Indian agriculture (d) rapid increase in the urban population”,2018
7,c,”One of the results of the British rule in India in the 19th century was the commercialization of agriculture by introducing cash crops like opium and indigo. Colonial rule has negatively impacted the Indian industries and handicrafts. The increase in the import of finished manufactured goods poses a threat to the indigenous factories. It was, economically, one of the results of British rule in India in the 19th Century was the growth of commercial crops like cotton, jute, groundnut, oilseeds, tobacco, sugarcane, etc. and the raw materials for the industries in Britain. There was no rapid increase in the urban population during 19th Century British India.”
8,”The staple commodities of export by the English East Indian Company from Bengal in the middle of the 18th century were (2018) (a) Raw cotton, oil-seeds and opium (b) Sugar, salt, zinc and lead (c) Copper, silver, gold, spices and tea (d) Cotton, silk, saltpeter and opium”,2018
8,d,”The East India Company was originally formed in Britain for pursuing trade with the East Indies in Southeast Asia. In fact, it ended up trading mainly with the Indian subcontinent and China, where the main items of trade were cotton, silk, tea, opium, and saltpetre (potassium nitrate).”
9,”Who among the following was/were associated with the introduction of Ryotwari Settlement in India during the British Rule? (2017) 1. Lord Cornwallis 2. Alexander Read 3. Thomas Munro Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2017
9,c,”Permanent Settlement: Started by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. Prevalent in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Varanasi (United Provinces), and Northern Karnataka. Covered 19% of British India. A new section of Zamindars was appointed who would provide 10/11th part of the revenue collected to the British while keeping the remaining. Ryotwari System: Started by Thomas Munro and Alexander Reed in 1820. Started in the Baramahal district of Tamil Nadu and later spread to Madras, parts of Bombay, East Bengal, Assam and Kurg (Karnataka). Covered 51% of British India. Ryots (farmers) were given ownership and other rights over the land and were required to pay the revenue directly to the government. Involved high taxes and strict collection. Mahalwari System: The Mahalwari system was introduced by Holt Mackenzie in 1822. Prevalent in United Provinces, Central Provinces and Punjab. Covered 30% of British India. The village or mahal served as the unit for collecting revenue. Village land belonged to the community and it was the responsibility of the entire community to pay the land revenue.”
10,”The Trade Disputes Act of 1929 provided for: (2017) (a) the participation of workers in the management of industries. (b) arbitrary powers to the management to quell industrial disputes. (c) an intervention by the British Court in the event of a trade dispute. (d) a system of tribunals and a ban on strikes.”,2017
10,d,”About the Trade Disputes Act, 1929: The Trade Disputes Act, 1929 was codified for five years as an experimental measure. The main objective of the Act was to make provisions for the establishment of Courts of Inquiry and Boards of Conciliation with a view to investigate and settle trade disputes. The Act banned unnoticed strikes or lockouts in the provision of public utility services. A strike or lockout that was intended to cause severe, widespread, or prolonged hardship for the community and compel the government to take or refrain from taking a particular course of action was also made illegal. This included strikes and lockouts that had any purpose other than to advance a trade dispute within the trade or industry in which the strikers or the employers locking out were engaged. The Act was amended in 1932 and was made permanent by the Trade Disputes (Extending) Act, 1934.”
11,”Consider the following statements: (2017) 1. The Factories Act, 1881 was passed with a view to fix the wages of industrial workers and to allow the workers to form trade unions. 2. N. M. Lokhande was a pioneer in organizing the labour movement in British India. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2”,2017
11,b,”The first Factory Act (1881) was passed in 1881 during the tenure of Lord Ripon. This legislation aimed to improve working conditions for factory workers. This act applies only to factories that use mechanical power, employing at least 100 workers. It prohibited employment of children under the age 7. Children between the ages 7-12 were to work for a maximum 9 hours. It also made compulsory that dangerous machinery should be fenced properly, but no mention of forming trade unions. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande (1848–1897) was the father of the trade union movement in India. He is remembered not only for ameliorating the working conditions of textile mill-hands in the 19th century but also for his courageous initiatives on caste and communal issues. Lokhande is acclaimed as the Father of the Trade Union Movement in India. Some of the rights mill workers got because of N M Lokhande were: Mill workers should get a weekly holiday on Sunday In the afternoon, workers should be entitled to half-hour recess. The mill should start working from 6:30 in the morning and close by sunset. The salaries of the workers should be given by the 15th of every month.”
12,”Who of the following was/were economic critic/critics of colonialism in India? (2015) 1. Dadabhai Naoroji 2. G. Subramania Iyer 3. R.C. Dutt Select the correct answer using the codes given below. (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2015
12,d,”Dadbhai Naoroji, G.Subramania Iyer and R.C. Dutt are considered as the economic critics of colonialism in India. The early nationalist of India analysed the colonial character of British rule in India in great detail. The economic critique produced by them was one of the remarkable achievements of the moderate nationalists. Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old man of India): “Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India” - Propounded Drain of Wealth Theory. Uncovered the economic exploitation of India by the British. Romesh Chandra Dutta: “The Economic History of India” - Half of the annual GDP of India outflowed every year. G. V. Joshi: Pointed out that the development in India was like a subsidy to the British Industries. Other Critiques: Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade, G. Subramaniam Iyer, G.K. Gokhale etc. examined every facet of the economy and subjected the entire range of economic issues and colonial economic policies to minute scrutiny.”
13,”With reference to Ryotwari Settlement, consider the following statements: (2012) 1. The rent was paid directly by the peasants to the Government. 2. The government gave Pattas to the Ryots. 3. The lands were surveyed and assessed before being taxed. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None”,2012
13,c,”The Ryotwari System was started by Thomas Munro and Alexander Reed. It was started in the Baramahal district of Tamil Nadu and later spread to Madras, parts of Bombay, East Bengal, Assam and Kurg (Karnataka). It covered 51% of British India. Ryots (farmers) were given the ownership and other rights (Pattas) over the land and were required to pay the revenue directly to the government. The Ryotwari System involved high taxes (50% in dryland and 60% in wetland).”
14,”Consider the following statements: (2012) The most effective contribution made by Dadabhai Naoroji to the cause of Indian National Movement was that he1. Exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British. 2. Interpreted the ancient Indian texts and restored the self-confidence of Indians. 3. Stressed the need for eradication of all the social evils before anything else. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2012
14,a,”Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old man of India) wrote the “Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India” a Propounded Drain of Wealth Theory and exposed the economic exploitation of India by the British. Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, etc. interpreted the ancient texts and restored the self confidence of Indians, not Dadabhai Naoroji. Swami Dayananda Saraswati even gave the call to “go back to vedas”. Raja Rammohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Keshav Chandra Sen, Atmaram Pandurang, etc. emphasised the need for eradication of all social evils before anything else. Dadabhai Naoroji wasn’t a social reformer.”
15,”Consider the following: (2012) 1. Assessment of land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops. 2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare. 3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies. Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) None”,2012
15,d,”After getting the Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa in 1765 the major aim of the British East India Company was to increase their land revenue collection. So its policies were aimed at getting maximum income from land without caring of its consequences on cultivators and peasants. Three major systems of land revenue collection existed in India - Zamindari, Ryotwari and Mahalwari. The first recorded use of Artillery in India is at the Battle of Adoni in 1368. In the Deccans the Bahamani kings led by Mohammand Shah Bahamani used a train of Artillery against the Raja of Vijaya-nagar. Tobacco and Red Chillies were introduced by Portuguese not British.”
16,”The tendency for increased litigation was visible after the introduction of the land settlement system of Lord Cornwallis in 1793. The reason for this is normally traced to which of the following provisions? (2011) (a) Making Zamindar’s position stronger vis-à-vis the ryot (b) Making East India Company an overlord of Zamindars. (c) Making judicial system more efficient (d) None of the (a), (b) and (c) above.”,2011
16,d,”Reforms of Cornwallis: The Permanent Land Revenue Settlement of Bengal, which was extended to the provinces of Bihar and Orissa, was Lord Cornwallis’ most notable administrative initiative. The reforms had increased the litigation after the introduction of the land settlement system and the main reason for this was the removal of Court Fee and now everybody could drag anybody to the courts. The extension to the right of appeal was also one of the reasons court fees were abolished by Cornwallis and Lawyers were prescribed their fees. Zamindari System: The Zamindari System was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 through the Permanent Settlement Act 1793. The land where the zamindars had previously been responsible for collecting revenue was given to them as ownership. The settlement is referred to as the Zamindari Settlement since it was made with the zamindars. Since they were regarded as the soil’s tillers, the ryots were made tenants. The demand for land revenue was predetermined and out of controlled revenue, 10/11th part was given to the company. Company also added the “Sunset clause” for the zamindars.”
17,”With reference to the period of colonial rule in India, “Home Charges” formed an important part of the drain of wealth from India. Which of the following funds constituted “Home Charges”? (2011) 1. Funds used to support the India Office in London. 2. Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of British personnel engaged in India. 3. Funds used for waging wars outside India by the British. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2011
17,b,”Drain of Wealth and Home Charges: Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old man of India) in his “Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India” (1901), propounded the Drain of Wealth Theory. Home Charges played a significant role in the Drain of Wealth from India. It comprised of: Funding for the Indian offices in London. Funds for paying the salaries and pensions of British employees working in India. Funds used for additional capital investments, such as railways, and to pay interest on debts. Statement 1 is correct: Funds used to support the India Office in London. Hence, Statement 2 is correct: Funds used to pay salaries and pensions of British personnel engaged in India.”
18,”Which of the following is/are the principal feature(s) of the Government of India Act, 1919? (2012) 1. Introduction of diarchy in the executive government of the provinces. 2. Introduction of separate communal electorates for Muslims. 3. Devolution of legislative authority by the centre to the provinces. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2012
18,c,”GoI Act 1919 introduced the dual scheme of governance known as ‘dyarchy’ in the executive government of the provinces. By demarcating and separating the central and provincial subjects, it relaxed the central control over the provinces. It introduced bicameralism and direct elections in the country. The devolution of legislative authority by the centre to the provinces was done in the Government of India Act, 1919. The Indian Council Act, 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms introduced separate communal electorates for Muslims. It was put into place to appease the moderates (in Congress) and introduces separate electorates based on religion. Therefore, Lord Minto came to be known as “Father of the Communal Electorate in India”.”
19,”The distribution of powers between the Centre and the States in the Indian Constitution is based on the scheme provided in the: (2012) (a) Morley-Minto Reforms, 1909 (b) Montagu-Chelmsford Act, 1919 (c) Government of India Act, 1935 (d) Indian Independence Act, 1947”,2012
19,c,”Government of India Act, 1935: Divided the powers between the Centre and provinces in terms of three lists– Federal List (for Centre, with 59 items), Provincial List (for provinces, with 54 items) and the Concurrent List (for both, with 36 items). Abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy’ in its place, while adopted the dyarchy at the Centre. Introduced bicameralism in six out of eleven provinces. Further extended the principle of communal representation to the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes), women and labour (workers). Abolished the Council of India, established by the Government of India Act of 1858.”
20,”What was the purpose for which Sir William Wedderburn and W.S. Caine had set up the Indian Parliamentary Committee in 1893? (2011) (a) To agitate for Indian political reforms in the House of Commons (b) To campaign for the entry of Indians into the Imperial Judiciary (c) To facilitate a discussion on India’s Independence in the British Parliament (d) To agitate for the entry of eminent Indians into the British Parliament”,2011
20,a,”Together with Dadabhai Naoroji and other supporters of India, Sir William Wedderburn and W. S. Caine established the “Indian Parliamentary Committee” in 1893. The Indian Parliamentary Committee’s mission is to lobby the House of Commons for political reforms in India. Sir William Wedderburn was a significant figure in the Indian National Congress and played a crucial role in advocating for political reforms in India. By a general understanding of modern history, we know congress was established in 1885 and 1893 was a phase of early moderates and demands were mostly concentrated about reforms.”
21,”The Ilbert Bill controversy was related to the: (2013) (a) Imposition of certain restrictions to carry arms by the Indians (b) Imposition of restrictions on newspapers and magazines published in Indian languages (c) Removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian magistrates with regard to the trial of the Europeans (d) Removal of a duty on imported cotton cloth”,2013
21,c,”The Ilbert Bill Controversy 1883 was related to the removal of disqualifications imposed on the Indian magistrates with regard to the trial of the Europeans.”
22,”What was/were the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)? (2014) 1. To disclaim any intention to annex the Indian States 2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown. 3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with India Select the correct answer using the code given below. (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2014
22,a,”The proclamation was read out by Lord Canning at a durbar held on November 1, 1858 at Allahabad. It put an end to the rule of the East India Company and the government of India came directly under the Crown. According to the proclamation Lord Canning became the first viceroy and governor general of India. The proclamation put an end to the era of further expansion of the British Empire in India.”
23,”The Government of India Act of 1919 clearly defined: (2015) (a) The separation of power between the judiciary and the legislature (b) The jurisdiction of the central and provincial governments (c) The powers of the Secretary of State for India and the Viceroy (d) None of the above”,2015
23,b,”The Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858) aimed at ending the rule of the company and transferring all the powers to the British crown after the 1857 revolt. It also promised non-interference in the religious affairs of the people, grant of equal protection of law and respect for ancient rights and customs of the people.”
24,”The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to: (2016) (a) social reforms (b) educational reforms (c) reforms in police administration (d) constitutional reforms”,2016
24,d,”The GoI Act 1919 introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government. The diarchy was implemented in eight provinces: Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Central Provinces, United Provinces, Bombay, Madras and Punjab. The Dyarchy system increased the authority of the provincial governments. In the province, the governor was to serve as the chief executive.”
25,”In the context of Indian history, the principle of ‘dyarchy (diarchy)’ refers to: (2017) (a) division of the central Legislature into two houses. (b) introductions of double Government i.e., central and Statement governments. (c) having two sets of rulers; One in London and another in Delhi. (d) division of the subjects delegated to the provinces into two categories.”,2017
25,d,”The GoI Act 1919 introduced a diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government. The diarchy was implemented in eight provinces: Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, Central Provinces, United Provinces, Bombay, Madras and Punjab. The Dyarchy system increased the authority of the provincial governments. In the province, the governor was to serve as the chief executive.”
26,”The object of the Butler Committee of 1927 was to: (2017) (a) Define the jurisdiction of the Central and Provincial Governments. (b) Define the powers of the Secretary of State for India. (c) Impose censorship on national press. (d) Improve the relationship between the Government of India and the Indian States.”,2017
26,d,”The Butler Committee was appointed under the chairmanship of Sir Harcourt Butler in 1927 to investigate and clarify the relationship between the paramount power of the British Raj in India, and the rulers of Princely States. There were two other members of the committee: William Searle Holdsworth and Sidney Peel. In the committee’s report of 1929, the ‘paramountcy’ doctrine was reaffirmed, and guidelines were given for its application, ensuring that the financial relationship between the Raj and the States should be fair. The relationship of the princely states with the British empire was not merely a contractual relationship, but a living, growing relationship shaped by the circumstances and policy, resting on the mixture of history and theory. British paramountcy was to stay intact to preserve the princely state. States should not be transferred without their own consent to a relationship with a new government in British India responsible to an Indian legislature.”
27,”In the Federation established by the Government of India Act of 1935, residuary powers were given to the: (2018) (a) Federal Legislature (b) Governor General (c) Provincial Legislature (d) Provincial Governors”,2018
27,b,”As per the Government of India Act of 1935, the Governor-General was empowered to authorize, either the Federal or the Provincial Legislature to enact a law with respect to any residuary matter. The Act divided the powers between the Centre and provinces into three lists: Federal List, Provincial List, and Concurrent List. The allocation of residuary powers was unique, vested neither in the central nor provincial legislatures, but the Governor-General had the authority to authorize either legislature to enact a law regarding any residuary matter. Additionally, the Act abolished dyarchy in the provinces, introduced provincial autonomy, enacted bicameralism in six out of eleven provinces, extended communal representation, and abolished the Council of India established by the Government of India Act of 1858.”
28,”Consider the following statements about ‘the Charter Act of 1813’: (2019) 1. It ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company in India except for trade in tea and trade with China. 2. It asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over the Indian territories held by the Company. 3. The revenues of India were now controlled by the British Parliament. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2019
28,a,”The Charter Act of 1813 ended the trade monopoly of the East India Company except for the trade in tea, opium, and with China. It also brought the Company’s territories in India under the Sovereignty of the British Government. However, it did not control the revenue of India; that was done through Pitt’s India Act of 1784. Pitt’s India Act of 1784 extended the control of the British Government over the Company’s affairs and its administration in India, officially referring to the Company’s possessions in India as ‘British possessions in India’ for the first time and placing the Company’s activities and administration in India under the total control of the British Government.”
29,”Consider the following statements: (2021) 1. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21. 2. The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in the legislature. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2”,2021
29,b,”The Montagu-Chelmsford Act, 1919 recommended several reforms including the introduction of dyarchy, division of provincial subjects into transferred and reserved, bicameralism, communal representation, establishment of a public service commission, and separated provincial budgets from the Central budget. The Government of India Act, 1935 further expanded on these reforms by dividing powers between the Centre and provinces, abolishing dyarchy, introducing provincial autonomy, extending communal representation, and abolishing the Council of India established by the Government of India Act of 1858.”
30,”Which amongst the following provided a common factor for tribal insurrection in India in the 19th century? (2011) (a) Introduction of a new system of land revenue and taxation of tribal products (b) Influence of foreign religious missionaries in tribal areas (c) Rise of a large number of money lenders, traders and revenue farmers as middlemen in tribal areas (d) The complete disruption of the old agrarian order of the tribal communities”,2011
30,d,”Option (d) provides a comprehensive explanation covering various causes of tribal revolts in India during the 19th century. It includes disruption of tribal life due to colonial rule, loss of land, imposition of restrictions on traditional practices, introduction of money lenders leading to exploitation, changes in land ownership, and social unrest due to missionary activities. Additionally, it mentions major tribal movements such as the Kol Rebellion, Santhal Rebellion, and Munda Rebellion. This explanation provides a broader understanding of the issues faced by tribal communities during colonial rule.”
31,”The demand for the Tebhaga Peasant Movement in Bengal was for: (2013) (a) the reduction of the share of the landlords from one-half of the crop to one third. (b) the grant of ownership of land to peasants as they were the actual cultivators of the land. (c) the uprooting of Zamindari system and the end of serfdom. (d) writing off all peasant debts.”,2013
31,a,”The Tebhaga Peasant Movement (1946) in Bengal demanded that the share of the landlords be reduced from one-half of the produce to one-third of the produce. The movement aimed to implement the Floud Commission recommendations, advocating for two-thirds’ share to the bargardars, or share-croppers, instead of the one-half share. The main slogan of the movement was “nij khamare dhan tolo,” meaning that sharecroppers should thresh their own paddy and not to the jotedar’s house as before, enforcing tebhaga. The movement, primarily centered in North Bengal, particularly among the Rajbanshis, saw significant participation from Muslims as well. However, it dissipated soon due to various factors, including the Bargardari Bill introduced by the League ministry, the Hindu Mahasabha’s campaign for a separate Bengal, and riots in Calcutta.”
32,”After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/ were the measure/measures taken by the colonial government? (2018) 1. The territories called ‘Santhal Paraganas’ were created. 2. It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2”,2018
32,c,”The measures taken by the Colonial Government as a result of the Santhal Uprising included the creation of a separate district of Santhal Parganas to pacify the Santhals. This action was aimed at separating the Santhal Parganas into its own district to address the grievances of the Santhals. Additionally, it became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal, as the British Government enacted laws to prevent the lands of tribals from being taken by outsiders.”
33,”Indigo cultivation in India declined by the beginning of the 20th century because of (2020) (a) peasant resistance to the oppressive conduct of planters (b) its unprofitability in the world market because of new inventions (c) national leaders’ opposition to the cultivation of indigo (d) Government control over the planters”,2020
33,b,”The decline in indigo cultivation in India by the beginning of the 20th century was primarily due to the unprofitability of indigo production in the world market because of new inventions of improved versions of chemical colors that substituted indigo. These inventions rendered indigo production unprofitable in the world market, leading to the decline in indigo cultivation. The Indigo Revolt of 1856-57 saw peasants refusing to produce indigo or sign contracts, resulting in a widespread strike that expanded to other parts of Bengal. The strike was supported by zamindars and intelligentsia, eventually leading to the establishment of a commission in favor of the peasants.”
34,”With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events? (2020) (a) The Revolt of 1857 (b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 (c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859 – 60 (d) Birsa Munda’s Revolt of 1899-1900”,2020
34,d,”The Munda Rebellion, led by Birsa Munda in the years 1899–1900, aimed to establish Munda Raj or Munda authority in the Chotanagpur region. The rebellion was triggered by the replacement of the traditional Khuntkari system of Munda tribals with the zamindari system by the British in 1874. This change led to the monetization of the economy, forcing tribals to depend on cash for rent and daily needs, and rely on moneylenders who charged exorbitant rates. Birsa Munda organized masses to stop paying debts/interest and taxes, leading a revolt against Victorian rule and advocating for Munda Rule in Jharkhand. The rebellion aimed to address the grievances of the Munda tribals against the British colonial administration.”
35,”During the Indian freedom struggle, the National Social Conference was formed. What was the reason for its formation? (2012) (a) Different social reform groups or organizations of the Bengal region united to form a single body to discuss the issues of larger interest and to prepare appropriate petitions/representations to the government. (b) Indian National Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose. (c) Behramji Malabari and M.G. Ranade decided to bring together all the social reform groups of the country under one organization. (d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context.”,2012
35,b,”The Indian Social Conference (1887), formed by M. G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao in Madras, was a separate social reform organization from the Indian National Congress. It advocated for inter-caste marriage, opposed polygamy and kulinism, and launched the ‘Pledge Movement’ against child marriage. The conference focused on social reform issues and did not include them in the deliberations of the Indian National Congress.”
