GEOGRAPHY ONLYIAS - Sheet9 Flashcards
1,In the northern hemisphere, the longest day of the year normally occurs in the: (2022),a. First half of the month of June b. Second half of the month of June c. First half of the month of July d. Second half of the month of July,2022
1,b,Motion of Earth,”Summer Solstice (21st June): The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, resulting in areas receiving more heat. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. Thus, the second half of the month of June in the Northern Hemisphere has the longest day of the year. Areas near the poles receive less heat as the rays of the sun are slanting. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun, and the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months. Since a large portion of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. In the Southern Hemisphere, all these conditions are reversed, leading to the winter season and longer nights.”
2,A person stood alone in a desert on a dark night and wanted to reach his village which was situated 5 km east of the point where he was standing. He had no instruments to find the direction but he located the polestar. The most convenient way now to reach his village is to walk in the (2012),a. Direction facing the polestar b. Direction opposite to the polestar c. Direction keeping the polestar to his left d. Direction keeping the polestar to his right,2012
2,c,Basics of Solar System,”Option (c) is correct: Walking in the direction while keeping the polestar to his left would lead him towards EAST of his current position, and he can reach his village. The North star indicates the north direction. Walking in the opposite direction will lead him towards SOUTH of his current position. Walking in the direction while keeping the pole star to his right would lead him towards WEST of his current position. The Pole star is not visible from the southern hemisphere. Some of the northern constellations like Ursa Major may also not be visible from some points in the southern hemisphere.”
3,Electrically charged particles from space traveling at speeds of several hundred km/sec can severely harm living beings if they reach the surface of the Earth. What prevents them from reaching the surface of the Earth? (2012),a. The Earth’s magnetic field diverts them towards its poles. b. Ozone layer around the Earth reflects them back to outer space. c. Moisture in the upper layers of the atmosphere prevents them from reaching the surface of the Earth. d. None of the statements (a), (b), and (c) given above is correct.,2012
3,a,Basics of Solar System,”Option (a) is correct: Earth’s field lines start near the South Pole of the Earth, curve around in space, and converge again near the North Pole, forming the magnetosphere. This deflects the Sun’s ions and electrons before they reach us, diverting most of the solar wind to the poles. The ozone layer absorbs a range of ultraviolet energy, but it is not related to electrically charged particles. Moisture in the upper layers of the atmosphere, i.e., The Stratosphere, prevents Ultraviolet rays from reaching the surface of the earth.”
4,Variations in the length of daytime and night time from season to season are due to: (2013),a. The earth’s rotation on its axis b. The earth’s revolution around the sun in an elliptical manner c. Latitudinal position of the place d. Revolution of the earth on a tilted axis,2013
4,d,Motion of the Earth,”Option (d) is correct: Variations in the length of daytime and nighttime from season to season are due to the revolution of the earth on a tilted axis. Movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit takes 365¼ days (one year) to revolve around the sun. As a result of the earth’s revolution, you can observe that there are days and nights as well as seasonal fluctuations.”
5,On 21st June, the Sun: (2019),a. Does not set below the horizon at the Arctic Circle b. Does not set below the horizon at Antarctic Circle c. Shines vertically overhead at noon on the Equator d. Shines vertically overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn,2019
5,a,Motion of Earth,”Option (a) is correct: Areas near the poles receive less heat as the rays of the sun are slanting. The North Pole is inclined towards the sun, and the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months. Summer Solstice (21st June): The Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer, hence the areas receive more heat. Revolution of the Earth and Seasons: Since a large portion of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun, it is summer in the regions north of the equator. The longest day and the shortest night at these places occur on 21st June. In the Southern Hemisphere, all these conditions are reversed, leading to the winter season and longer nights.”
6,Consider the following statements: (2022) 1. High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. 2. Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth’s surface and thus cause a warming effect. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2022
6,d,Clouds,”Statement 1 is incorrect: Low, thick clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. Statement 2 is incorrect: High, thin clouds primarily transmit incoming solar radiation. At the same time, they trap some of the outgoing infrared radiation emitted by the Earth and radiate it back downward, thereby warming the surface of the Earth. Whether a given cloud will heat or cool the surface depends on several factors, including the cloud’s altitude, its size, and the make-up of the particles that form the cloud. The components of the Earth system that are important to the radiation budget are the planet’s surface, atmosphere, and clouds.”
7,Westerlies in the southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in northern hemisphere. Why? (2011) 1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to northern hemisphere. 2. Coriolis force is higher in southern hemisphere as compared to northern hemisphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2011
7,a,Wind System,”Option (a) is correct: The Southern hemisphere has less landmass compared to the northern hemisphere. The Coriolis force is the same in both hemispheres. The Northern Hemisphere’s surface is about 40% landmass and 60% water, while the Southern Hemisphere’s surface is about 20% landmass and 80% water. Circulating air is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere due to the Earth’s axis of rotation, known as the Coriolis effect. The latitude and airspeed have a direct correlation with the amount of deflection the air makes. At the equator, the Coriolis force is zero, while maximum at the poles.”
8,What could be the main reason/reasons for the formation of the African and Eurasian desert belt? (2011) 1. It is located in the sub-tropical high-pressure cells. 2. It is under the influence of warm ocean currents. Which of the statements given above is/are correct in this context?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2011
8,a,Desert,”Option (a) is correct: The main reason for the formation of the African and Eurasian desert belt is because they are located in the sub-tropical high-pressure cells. Deserts are regions where evaporation exceeds precipitation. The main causes of desert aridity are insufficient and irregular rainfall, high temperatures, and a quick rate of evaporation. Hot deserts are found on the western coasts of continents, between 15° and 30°N and S, in the trade wind belt. Offshore trade winds, often bathed in cold currents, produce a desiccating effect, preventing moisture condensation into precipitation.”
9,The jet aircraft fly very easily and smoothly in the lower stratosphere. What could be the appropriate explanation? (2011) 1. There are no clouds or water vapour in the lower stratosphere. 2. There are no vertical winds in the lower stratosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct in this context?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2011
9,c,Layers of Atmosphere,”Option (c) is correct: The conditions are practically perfect for flying airplanes since this layer is almost completely devoid of clouds and related weather disturbances. So airplanes fly in the lower stratosphere, sometimes in the upper troposphere where weather is calm. The increase in temperature with height in the stratosphere makes this region stable where air tends not to overturn vertically, resulting in almost absent vertical winds in the Stratosphere. The stratosphere is located above the troposphere up to 50 km above the surface of the earth, with the thickest part at the poles.”
10,The 2004 Tsunami made people realize that mangroves can serve as a reliable safety hedge against coastal calamities. How do mangroves function as a safety hedge? (2011),a. The mangrove swamps separate the human settlements from the sea by a wide zone in which people neither live nor venture out b. The mangroves provide both food and medicines which people are in need of after any natural disaster. c. The mangrove trees are tall with dense canopies and serve as an excellent shelter during a cyclone or tsunami d. The mangrove trees do not get uprooted by storms and tides because of their extensive roots.,2011
10,d,Mangroves,”Option (d) is correct: because mangroves function as a safety hedge in preserving ecological stability. The dense tangle of roots allows the trees to withstand storms, cyclones, or even the daily rise and fall of tides. Mangroves are small trees or shrubs that grow along coasts, setting roots in salty sediments, usually beneath water. Mangrove trees can withstand the tides’ daily rise and fall due to their complex web of roots and extensive roots.”
11,Normally, the temperature decreases with the increase in height from the Earth’s surface, because (2012) 1. The atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the Earth’s surface 2. There is more moisture in the upper atmosphere. 3. The air is less dense in the upper atmosphere. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2012
11,c,Atmosphere,”Statement 1 is correct: Normal lapse rate that is 1-degree Celsius temperature falls at a height of every 165 meters in the troposphere. As we increase elevation, the air pressure decreases as there is less air above us. As the pressure decreases, air molecules spread out further i.e., air expands, and the temperature decreases, and the atmosphere can be heated upwards only from the Earth’s surface. Temperature falls off with height at a predictable rate because the air near the surface is heated and becomes light, and the air higher up cools to space and becomes heavy. Statement 2 is not correct: The water vapor, which accounts for around 1% of air, varies greatly in the troposphere and decreases rapidly with altitude. Statement 3 is correct: The air density in the atmosphere decreases with height, helping in decreasing temperature.”
12,Which one of the following is the characteristic climate of the Tropical Savannah Region? (2012),a. Rainfall throughout the year b. Rainfall in winter only c. An extremely short dry season d. A definite dry and wet season,2012
12,d,Biomes/World Climate,”Option (d) is correct: The Tropical Savannah Region is characterized by a definite dry and wet season. The savanna biome consists of areas of open grassland with very few trees. In the Wet Season, the weather is warm, and a savanna receives as much as 50 inches of rain, while during the Dry Season, weather can be extremely hot with little precipitation. This combination of high temperatures and little precipitation makes savannas perfect areas for grass and brush fires during their dry seasons.”
13,Which of the following is/are unique characteristic/ characteristics of equatorial forests? (2013) 1. Presence of tall, closely set trees with crowns forming a continuous canopy 2. Coexistence of a large number of species 3. Presence of numerous varieties of epiphytes Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2013
13,d,Major Climate of the World,”Statement 1 is correct: The tropical rainforest appears from above as a dense canopy of greenery, only disturbed by huge rivers or areas cleared for farming. Statement 2 is correct: The higher temperatures in the tropics cause higher rates of metabolism, ecological dynamics, and coevolutionary processes, generating and maintaining higher biodiversity, resulting in the coexistence of a large number of species. Statement 3 is correct: All plants (most epiphytes) strive upwards for sunshine, resulting in an odd layer structure. Numerous evergreen trees that produce tropical hardwoods like mahogany, ebony, dyewoods, etc. make up the equatorial vegetation.”
14,The annual range of temperature in the interior of the continents is high as compared to coastal areas. What is/are the reason/reasons? (2013) 1. Thermal difference between land and water 2. Variation in altitude between continents and oceans 3. Presence of strong winds in the interior 4. Heavy rains in the interior as compared to coasts Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4,2013
14,a,Distribution of the temperature of Earth,”Statement 1 is correct: One major factor affecting the distribution of the temperature of Earth is the distribution of Land and Oceans. The loss of heat from the continents is greater than that from the oceans because there is more land in the northern hemisphere and more water in the southern hemisphere, and because the specific heat of land and water differs greatly. Statement 2 is not correct: The variation in altitude between continents and oceans is not a valid reason for the high annual range of temperature in the interior of the continent as compared to coastal areas. This is because, as compared to oceans, the lands heat up and cool down faster. Statement 3 is not correct: Annual precipitation is usually low in the interior areas as well as the presence of weak winds in the interior. Statement 4 is not correct: The interiors in Central Asia receive very poor rainfall due to the distance from the sea.”
15,“Climate is extreme, rainfall is scanty and the people used to be nomadic herders.” The above statement best describes which of the following regions? (2013),a. African Savannah b. Central Asian Steppe c. North American Prairie d. Siberian Tundra,2013
15,b,Biomes/World Climate,”Steppe Climate or Temperate Continental Climate or Temperate Grassland Climate: Continental climate with extreme temperature variations between summer and winter. The average rainfall is about 45 cm, varying as per location from 25 cm to 75 cm, with the heaviest rain in June and July. Nomadic herding has almost disappeared from the major grasslands. The migratory animal grazing was done by wandering tribes like the Kirghiz and the Kazakhs. Keywords/keyphrases such as ‘extreme climate,’ ‘scanty rainfall,’ ‘nomadic herders,’ etc., resemble the characteristics of the Central Asian Steppe region.”
16,During a thunderstorm, the thunder in the skies is produced by the: (2013),1. Meeting of cumulonimbus clouds in the sky. 2. Lightning that separates the nimbus clouds. 3. Violent upward movement of air and water particles. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 (c) 1 and 3 (d) None of the above produces the thunder,2013
16,d,Wind Movement,”Statement 1 is not correct: Thunder is the sound caused by a lightning discharge. Lightning heats the air in its path and causes a large overpressure of the air within its channel. The channel expands supersonically into the surrounding air as a shock wave and creates an acoustic signal that is heard as thunder. Statement 2 is not correct: Thunderstorms are associated with cumulonimbus clouds, not nimbus. Statement 3 is not correct: The updraft and downdraft determine the path of the thunderstorm. Additional Information: Cumulonimbus clouds are tall and dense, often associated with thunderstorms, extending up to 10 miles high in the atmosphere with a large, anvil-shaped top. On the other hand, Nimbus clouds are low-level clouds that typically produce light to moderate rain or snow and are not typically associated with thunderstorms.”
17,The seasonal reversal of winds is the typical characteristic of (2014),a. Equatorial climate b. Mediterranean climate c. Monsoon climate d. All of the above climates,2014
17,c,Biomes/World Climate,”The Monsoon Climate (Am): The monsoon climate is characterized by heavy rainfall and is found in various regions including India, South-east Africa, Northern Australia, the Guinea Coast of West Africa, and the Pacific Coast of Columbia. The seasonal reversal of wind along with alternating intervals of rainfall and drought define the monsoon climate. Due to variances in yearly temperature fluctuations between continents and oceans, the monsoonal circulation system with a reversal of wind direction emerges.”
18,In the South Atlantic and South-Eastern Pacific regions in tropical latitudes, cyclone does not originate. What is the reason? (2015),a. Sea surface temperatures are low b. Inter-tropical Convergence Zone seldom occurs c. Coriolis force is too weak d. Absence of land in those regions,2015
18,b,Wind Movement,”Option (b) is correct: The absence of cyclones can be demonstrated by the seldom occurrence of ITCZ Convergence zone in the southeast Pacific and south Atlantic regions, leading to no creation of ideal conditions for Tropical Cyclone formation due to high vertical wind sheer. Cyclones are weather phenomena characterized by a low-pressure center surrounded by a rotating system of winds. Factors responsible for Tropical Cyclone formation include warm ocean water, low atmospheric pressure, Coriolis Effect, and humidity.”
19,Consider the following statements: (2015) 1. The winds which blow between 30 N and 60 S latitudes throughout the year are known as westerlies. 2. The moist air masses that cause winter rains in North-Western region of India are part of westerlies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2015
19,b,Wind Movement/Indian Monsoon,”Option (b) is correct: Generally, the westerlies flow between 30° and 60°N and 30° and 60°S latitude respectively. The moist air masses that cause winter rains in the North-Western region of India are part of westerlies, also known as winter disturbances. Westerlies blow from subtropical high-pressure belts towards subpolar low-pressure belts and play a crucial role in carrying warm, equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents.”
20,“Each day is more or less the same, the morning is clear and bright with a sea breeze; as the Sun climbs high in the sky, heat mounts up, dark clouds form, then rain comes with thunder and lightning. But the rain is soon over.” Which of the following regions is described in the above passage? (2015),a. Savannah b. Equatorial c. Monsoon d. Mediterranean,2015
20,b,Biomes/World Climate,”Option (b) is correct: The sentence describes the characteristics of the Equatorial region, which typically has a hot and humid climate with little seasonal variation in temperature. Precipitation is high and frequent throughout the year, with some areas receiving over 100 inches annually. Equatorial regions are also prone to tropical storms and cyclones, especially in coastal areas.”
21,Why are dewdrops not formed on a cloudy night? (2019),a. Clouds absorb the radiation released from the Earth’s surface. b. Clouds reflect back the Earth’s radiation. c. The Earth’s surface would have low temperatures on cloudy nights. d. Clouds deflect the blowing wind to ground level.,2019
21,b,Dew Formation/Water in Atmosphere,”Option (b) is correct: Dew drops are not formed on a cloudy night because clouds reflect back the Earth’s radiation, preventing radiation from Earth surfaces from escaping during cloudy nights. Cloud cover maintains a high air temperature, preventing moisture from condensing into dew drops on grass and leaves. Dew is formed when the air temperature touches the dew point, which is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor, causing condensation to form.”
22,Consider the following statements (2020) 1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. 2. Only some cyclones develop an eye. 3. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10°C less than that of the surroundings. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 2 only d. 1 and 3 only,2020
22,c,Wind Movement,”Jet Stream: The Jet Stream is a geostrophic wind blowing from west to east across the upper layers of the troposphere at an altitude of 20,000 to 50,000 feet. Air masses with different temperatures collide to form jet streams. Statement 1 is not correct: Jet streams do not necessarily run from 20 degrees latitude to the poles in both hemispheres. Statement 2 is correct: Only some cyclones develop an eye, and temperate cyclones do not have a distinct eye due to the continuous presence of winds and precipitation. Statement 3 is not correct: The tropical cyclone’s eye is characterized by the lowest surface pressure and the warmest air above it, which may be 10°C or more above the surrounding air at a height of 12 km.”
23,Consider the following statements (2021) 1. In the tropical zone, the western sections of the oceans are warmer than the eastern sections owing to the influence of trade winds. 2. In the temperate zone, westerlies make the eastern sections of oceans warmer than the western sections. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2021
23,c,Wind Movement,”Statement 1 is correct: Trade winds originate from subtropical high-pressure regions and move toward the equatorial low-pressure belt, colliding at the equator to bring torrential rainfall. The Northeast trade winds in the Northern hemisphere move warmer water westward through the ocean. Statement 2 is correct: Westerlies blow from subtropical high-pressure belts towards subpolar low-pressure belts, playing a crucial role in carrying warm equatorial waters and winds to the western coasts of continents.”
24,“Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy vicariously, by climbing the trees or growing as epiphytes, rooted on the upper branches of trees.” This is the most likely description of (2021),a. Coniferous forest b. Dry deciduous forest c. Mangrove forest d. Tropical rainforest,2021
24,d,Major Climate of the World,”Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate: This climate is found between 5° and 10° north and south of the equator, characterized by heavy and well-distributed precipitation throughout the year. Tropical rain forests appear as a thick canopy of foliage, with plants struggling upwards for sunlight, resulting in a unique layer arrangement. The equatorial vegetation comprises a multitude of evergreen trees that yield tropical hardwoods like mahogany, ebony, and dyewoods.”
25,The acidification of oceans is increasing. Why is this phenomenon a cause of concern (2012) 1. The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected. 2. The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected. 3. The survival of some animals that have phytoplanktonic larvae will be adversely affected. 4. The cloud seeding and formation of clouds will be adversely affected. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1, 2 and 3 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4,2012
25,a,Ocean Acidification,”Statement 1 is correct: Ocean acidification decreases the calcifying ability of corals, calcareous plankton, crustaceans, etc. Statement 2 is correct: Ocean acidification affects corals and consequently affects the one million species that have made corals their homes. Statement 3 is correct: Coral reefs will erode faster than they can rebuild, affecting the entire food web. Statement 4 is incorrect: Atmospheric sulfur emitted by phytoplankton does not have a significant impact on cloud formation and is not directly linked to ocean acidification.”
26,La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from El Nino? (2011) 1. La Nina is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperature in the equatorial Indian Ocean whereas El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. 2. El Nino has adverse effects on the south-west monsoon of India, but La Niña has no effect on monsoon climate. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2011
26,d,El Niño & La Niña,”Statement 1 is incorrect: La Niña is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, while El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. Statement 2 is incorrect: La Niña causes drought in Peru and Ecuador, floods in Australia, high temperatures in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean, and good monsoon rains in India. El Niño occurs more frequently than La Niña and is characterized by warmer coastal waters in the eastern tropical Pacific, leading to a decrease in atmospheric pressure above the oceans.”
27,Consider the following factors (2012) 1. Rotation of the Earth 2. Air pressure and wind 3. Density of ocean water 4. Revolution of the Earth Which of the above factors influence the ocean currents?,a. 1 and 2 only b. 1, 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 2, 3 and 4,2012
27,b,Factors Influence the Ocean Currents,”Statement 1 is correct: The Coriolis force, a result of the Earth’s rotation, influences the direction of ocean currents. Statement 2 is correct: Wind blowing on the ocean surface affects the movement of surface water due to friction. Statement 3 is correct: Differences in water density, influenced by factors like salinity and temperature, affect the vertical mobility of ocean currents. Statement 4 is incorrect: The revolution of the Earth does not directly influence ocean currents.”
28,The most important fishing grounds of the world are found in the regions where (2013),a. Warm and cold atmospheric currents meet b. Rivers drain out large amounts of freshwater into the sea c. Warm and cold oceanic currents meet d. Continental shelf is undulating,2013
28,c,Ocean Currents,”Option (c) is correct: The area where warm and cold currents meet results in the deposition of plankton, making it abundant fishing grounds. Shallow waters near the land where warm and cold currents converge are considered important fishing grounds. Examples include the seas north of Japan and Newfoundland.”
29,What explains the eastward flow of the equatorial counter current? (2015),a. The Earth’s rotation on its axis b. Convergence of the two equatorial currents c. Difference in salinity of water d. Occurrence of the belt of calm near the equator,2015
29,b,Equatorial Counter Currents,”Option (b) is correct: The Equatorial Counter Current (CEC) forms due to the piling up of water in the western Pacific, resulting from the convergence of the North and South Equatorial Currents. This piled-up water flows from west to east, forming the counter-equatorial current. Options (a), (c), and (d) are incorrect due to inaccuracies in describing the factors influencing equatorial currents.”
30,Tides occur in the oceans and seas due to which among the following? (2015) 1. Gravitational force of the Sun 2. Gravitational force of the Moon 3. Centrifugal force of the Earth Select the correct answer using the code given below.,a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2015
30,d,Formation of Tides,”Tides: Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, resulting in the cyclic rise and fall of sea levels. The balance between gravitational forces from the Sun and Moon, along with the centrifugal force of the Earth, determines the occurrence and characteristics of tides.”
31,With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2017),With reference to ‘Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)’ sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2017) 1. The IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean. 2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino’s impact on the monsoon.,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2017
31,b,Indian Ocean Dipole,”Statement 1 is incorrect: The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) refers to the difference in sea surface temperature between two poles - the eastern pole in the eastern Indian Ocean south of Indonesia and the western pole in the Arabian Sea. Statement 2 is correct: Negative IOD events are often associated with La Niña, while positive IOD events are associated with El Niño.”
32,Consider the following statements (2018) 1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world’s coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far more animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,Consider the following statements (2018) 1. Most of the world’s coral reefs are in tropical waters. 2. More than one-third of the world’s coral reefs are located in the territories of Australia, Indonesia and Philippines. 3. Coral reefs host far more animal phyla than those hosted by tropical rainforests. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 and 2 only b. 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2018
32,d,Coral reef distribution,”Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems formed by coral polyps, found mainly in tropical and subtropical waters. Statement 1 is correct: The majority of reef-building corals are found between 30° north and 30° south latitudes. Statement 2 is correct: Reefs are concentrated in areas like the Indonesian/Philippines archipelago, Great Barrier Reef, Red Sea, and Caribbean, known for high coral diversity. Statement 3 is correct: Coral reefs support a vast array of marine species, with more than 25,000 described species from thirty-two animal phyla living in reef habitats.”
33,With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct? (2020),With reference to Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT), which of the following statements is/are correct? (2020) 1. OMT is measured up to a depth of 26°C isotherm which is 129 metres in the south-western Indian Ocean during January–March. 2. OMT collected during January–March can be used in assessing whether the amount of rainfall in monsoon will be less or more than a certain long-term mean. Select the correct using the code given below:,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2020
33,b,Oceanography,”Ocean Mean Temperature (OMT) is analyzed for its role in forecasting the Indian summer monsoon. Statement 1 is incorrect: OMT is measured up to the 26°C isotherm at depths of 50-100 meters, not 129 meters. Statement 2 is correct: OMT, analyzed between January and March, is more accurate than Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in predicting monsoon rainfall, with an 80% success rate.”
34,Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct? (2013),Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct? (2013) 1. They are generally red in colour. 2. They are rich in nitrogen and potash. 3. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP. 4. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils. Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 2, 3 and 4 c. 1 and 4 d. 2 and 3 only,2013
34,c,Soil Characteristics,”Laterite soil is a type of soil rich in iron oxide, giving it a reddish-brown color. Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect: Laterite soil is poor in lime, magnesia, potash, and nitrogen, but it is not specifically rich in bauxite or ferric oxide. Statement 3 is incorrect: Laterite soils are commonly found in Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and hilly areas of Orissa and Assam. Statement 4 is correct: Suitable crops for laterite soil include groundnut, cashew nut, coffee, rubber, cinchona, arecanut, tapioca, etc.”
35,Consider the following statements: (2013) 1. Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds. 2. Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma. 3. Dharwars are famous for petroleum. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,Consider the following statements: (2013) 1. Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds. 2. Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma. 3. Dharwars are famous for petroleum. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 and 2 b. 2 only c. 2 and 3 d. None,2013
35,b,Gondwana System,”Gondwana rocks are known for their coal reserves and mica production. Statement 1 is incorrect: Gondwana rocks contain a significant portion, but not nearly 98%, of India’s coal reserves. Statement 2 is correct: Koderma in Jharkhand is famous for mica production. Statement 3 is incorrect: The Dharwar system is economically significant for minerals like iron-ore, manganese, and copper, not petroleum.”
36,Consider the following: (2013) 1. Electromagnetic radiation 2. Geothermal energy 3. Gravitational force 4. Plate movements 5. Rotation of the earth 6. Revolution of the earth Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?,Consider the following: (2013) 1. Electromagnetic radiation 2. Geothermal energy 3. Gravitational force 4. Plate movements 5. Rotation of the earth 6. Revolution of the earth Which of the above are responsible for bringing dynamic changes on the surface of the earth?,a. 1, 2, 3 and 4 only b. 1, 3, 5 and 6 only c. 2, 4, 5 and 6 only d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6,2013
36,d,”Dynamic changes of the Earth’s surface are influenced by various factors, including electromagnetic radiation, geothermal energy, gravitational force, plate movements, rotation of the Earth, and revolution of the Earth. These factors contribute to processes like earthquakes, continent building, wind generation, and pressure differences.”
37,Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in: (2013),Contour bunding is a method of soil conservation used in: (2013)a. Desert margins, liable to strong wind action b. Low flat plains, close to stream courses, liable to flooding c. Scrublands, liable to spread of weed growth d. None of the above,2013
37,d,”Contour bunding is a soil conservation method used in terrace farming. It involves constructing banks along contours to prevent soil erosion and promote water absorption. Soil conservation methods also include terracing, strip cropping, no-till farming, contour plowing, etc.”
38,Which of the following adds nitrogen to the soil? (2013),Which of the following adds nitrogen to the soil? (2013) 1. Excretion of urea by animals 2. Burning of coal by man 3. Death of vegetation Select the correct answer using the codes given below:,a. 1 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2013
38,c,”Statement 1 is correct: Animal waste contributes nitrogen to the soil in the form of nitrates. Statement 2 is incorrect: Burning coal releases air pollutants like CO, CO2, sulfur dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen, which do not directly add nitrogen to the soil. Statement 3 is correct: Decomposition of vegetation also adds nitrogen to the soil.”
39,Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms? (2014),Which of the following phenomena might have influenced the evolution of organisms? (2014) 1. Continental drift 2. Glacial cycles Select the correct answer using the code given below.,a. 1 only b. 2 only c. Both 1 and 2 d. Neither 1 nor 2,2014
39,c,”Factors like continental drift and glacial cycles may have influenced the evolution of organisms. Continental drift affected species distribution, while glacial cycles impacted sea levels and habitats. The evolution of Genus Homo occurred during the last three glacial cycles.”
40,In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? (2014),In India, the problem of soil erosion is associated with which of the following? (2014) 1. Terrace cultivation 2. Deforestation 3. Tropical climate Select the correct answer using the code given below.,a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2014
40,b,”Soil erosion, accelerated by human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, and construction, leads to soil degradation. Statement 1 is incorrect: Terracing is a method to prevent soil erosion, not a cause of soil degradation. Statement 2 is correct: Deforestation accelerates soil erosion. Statement 3 is incorrect: Tropical monsoon climate and agriculture are not directly related to soil degradation.”
41,With reference to the management of minor minerals in India, consider the following statements: (2019) 1. Sand is a ‘minor mineral’ according to the prevailing law in the country. 2. State Governments have the power to grant mining leases of minor minerals, but the powers regarding the formation of rules related to the grant of minor minerals lie with the Central Government. 3. The State Government has the power to frame rules to prevent illegal mining of minor minerals. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,With reference to the management of minor minerals in India, consider the following statements: (2019) 1. Sand is a ‘minor mineral’ according to the prevailing law in the country. 2. State Governments have the power to grant mining leases of minor minerals, but the powers regarding the formation of rules related to the grant of minor minerals lie with the Central Government. 3. The State Government has the power to frame rules to prevent illegal mining of minor minerals. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?,a. 1 and 3 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 3 only d. 1, 2 and 3,2019
41,a,”Statement 1 is correct: Sand is classified as a ‘minor mineral’ according to the prevailing law in India. Statement 2 is incorrect: The classification of a mineral as minor is not solely based on a notification by the Central Government. Statement 3 is correct: State Governments can make rules regarding the grant of quarry leases, mining leases, or other mineral concessions for minor minerals.”
42,Consider the following minerals: (2020) 1. Bentonite 2. Chromite 3. Kyanite 4. Sillimanite In India, which of the above is/are officially designated as major minerals?,Consider the following minerals: (2020) 1. Bentonite 2. Chromite 3. Kyanite 4. Sillimanite In India, which of the above is/are officially designated as major minerals?,a. 1 and 2 only b. 4 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 2, 3 and 4 only,2020
42,d,”Chromite, Kyanite, and Sillimanite are classified as metallic minerals and typically fall under the category of major minerals according to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957. Major minerals include various metallic and non-metallic minerals like Lignite, Coal, Gold, Iron ore, Lead-Zinc, etc.”
43,The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of: (2021),The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of: (2021),a. Brown forest soil b. Fissure volcanic rock c. Granite and schist d. Shale and limestone,2021
43,b,”Black cotton soils in India are formed from the weathering of fissure volcanic rocks, particularly basaltic rocks. These soils, also known as black soil or black regur soil, are well-suited for growing cotton and are characteristic of the northwest Deccan plateau region. Basaltic rocks contain titanium-ferromagnetic chemicals, giving black soil its characteristic color.”
44,Consider the following States: (2022) 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Kerala 3. Himachal Pradesh 4. Tripura How many of the above are generally known as tea-producing States?,Consider the following States: (2022) 1. Andhra Pradesh 2. Kerala 3. Himachal Pradesh 4. Tripura How many of the above are generally known as tea-producing States?,a. Only one State b. Only two States c. Only three States d. All four States,2022
44,c,”Tea plants thrive in tropical and subtropical climates with warm, moist, frost-free conditions and adequate rainfall (around 1500 mm). They require well-drained, fertile soil with slightly acidic pH (4.5-5.5) and good structure. Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Kerala, and Karnataka are major tea-producing states in India.”
45,With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) 1. Monazite is a source of rare earths. 2. Monazite contains thorium. 3. Monazite occurs naturally in the entire Indian coastal sands in India. 4. In India, government bodies only can process or export monazite. Which of the statements given above are correct?,With reference to India, consider the following statements: (2022) 1. Monazite is a source of rare earths. 2. Monazite contains thorium. 3. Monazite occurs naturally in the entire Indian coastal sands in India. 4. In India, government bodies only can process or export monazite. Which of the statements given above are correct?,a. 1, 2 and 3 only b. 1, 2 and 4 only c. 3 and 4 only d. 1, 2, 3 and 4,2022
45,b,”Rare earth metals are a group of 17 lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals. China dominates the world’s rare earth production, accounting for 90%. Monazite, found in India, is a principal source of rare earths and thorium, mainly along the coasts of southern India in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Orissa. Indian Rare Earths Limited (IREL) is the only entity permitted to produce, process, and handle monazite for domestic use and export.”
46,The lower Gangetic plain is characterized by a humid climate with high temperature throughout the year. Which one among the following pairs of crops is most suitable for this region? (2011),The lower Gangetic plain is characterized by a humid climate with high temperature throughout the year. Which one among the following pairs of crops is most suitable for this region? (2011) (a) Paddy and cotton (b) Wheat and Jute (c) Paddy and Jute (d) Wheat and cotton,2011
46,c,”Paddy (rice) and Jute are suitable crops for the lower Gangetic plain due to its humid climate and high temperature throughout the year. Paddy requires abundant water and clayey soil, while jute thrives in the rich alluvial soil of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta.”
47,Which of the following is the chief characteristic of ‘mixed farming’? (2012),Which of the following is the chief characteristic of ‘mixed farming’? (2012) (a) Cultivation of both cash crops and food crops. (b) Cultivation of two or more crops in the same field. (c) Rearing of animals and cultivation of crops together. (d) None of the above.,2012
47,c,”Mixed farming involves simultaneous cultivation of crops and rearing of animals. It differs from mixed cropping (cultivation of both cash and food crops) and multiple cropping (cultivating two or more crops in the same field).”
