am Flashcards
Mughal Painting Temper
Aristocratic and celebrated imperial pomp and circumstances.
Rajasekhara
Sanskrit poet and dramatist.
Muhammad Adil Shah Sur’s Mausoleum
Second-largest dome in the world, located in Bijapur.
Shivaji’s Contribution to Maratha Administration
Constituted the Mansabdari system.
Alauddin Khalji’s Southern Expedition
Sent Malik Kafur (Hazar Dinari) to Kanyakumari.
Apabhramsa Language
Vibrant language in North India before the rise of modern language.
Persian Script during Mughal Period
Used in Mughal period.
Shaikh Muin-ud-din Chishti
Introduced Wahd-tul-wajud and Sama and Mehfil in Chishti Silsilah.
Jahangir’s Reign
Mughal Emperor from 1605?1627.
Mansabdari System
Introduced in 1595?96, combining civil and military capacity.
Guru Hargobind and Guru Gobind Singh
Miri and Piri concept; Dal Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh.
Raskhan
Hindi poet, a Muslim follower of Lord Krishna.
Balban’s Kingship Concept
Influenced by the Persian court model; took the title of Zil-i-Ilahi.
Military and Intelligence Department Head
Not the Commander-in-Chief but the paymaster-general.
Chishti Order
Sufi order founded in Chisht, Afghanistan; Gharib Nawaz (Moinuddin Chishti) settled in Ajmer.
Pampa (Kannada Poet)
Reflected philosophical beliefs in works like Vikramarjuna Vijaya.
Abu Fazl and Discovery of America
Abu Fazl does not refer to the discovery of America.
Ministers in Mughal Administration
Sachiv for royal correspondence, Pandit Rao for religious matters, Sumant as foreign Minister.
Shah Jahan and Kandahar
Recovered in 1638 but lost again in 1649.
Fawazil in Iqta System
Balance between income and expenditure of Iqta-holders.
Firoz Shah Tughlaq
Built and repaired numerous canals.
Iqta System
Land granted to military chiefs for troop maintenance.
Unsuccessful Expedition
Incorrect information; expedition failed miserably.
Ahadis (Troopers)
Gentlemen troopers recruited individually, under a separate officer.
Historical Monuments
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Tughlaqabad Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, Qutab Minar, Lodi Garden.
Battle of Haldighati
Fought in 1576 between Mughals and forces of Mewar.
Map Representation
Shaded part represents Akbar’s territory at the time of his death.
Amir Khusrau
Persian poet associated with rulers of Delhi Sultanate.
Bahlol Lodi
Defeated Hussain Shah Sharqi of Jaunpur in 1479.
Du Aspa Sih Aspa System
Introduced by Jahangir, not Akbar.
Southern India History
Growth of small regional kingdoms rather than large empires.
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq’s Death
Died in 1351, succeeded by Firoz Tughlaq.
Jama Masjid in Srinagar
Built by Sultan Sikandar in 1400 AD.
Visitors to Mughal Court
Sir Thomas Roe visited during Jahangir’s reign; Tavernier’s account covers Shahjahan and Aurangzeb’s reigns.
Land Revenue Systems
Mahalwari system: Revenue settlement made by village or estates with landlords.
Ryotwari system: Direct settlement between government and cultivator.
Zamindari system: Land allotted to revenue farmers of Zamindars.
Balaji Vishwanath and Maratha Succession
Played a crucial role in Shahu’s final victory. Succession: Sambhaji, Rajaram, Shivaji II, Tarabai, Shahu.
Khandesh and Asirgarh
Khandesh: Ancient name of the north-western region of Maharashtra.
Asirgarh: Important fort in Khandesh.
Historical Events Timeline
Krishna Deva’s reign: 1509?30.
Qutab Minar construction: 1206?1210.
Portuguese arrival in India: 1498. Firoz Tughlaq's death: 1388.
Land Grants during Different Dynasties
Land grants given during various dynasties.
Ibrahim Adil Shah II
Ruler of Bijapur Sultanate (1556?1627).
Lingaraja Temple
Constructed by Yayati Kesari in Bhubaneshwar.
Bhakti Saints and Ramananda
Bhakti saints were disciples of Saint Ramananda.
Mongol Invasion during Iltutmish
Mongols under Chengiz Khan invaded during Iltutmish’s reign but didn’t enter deep into India.
Surat and Pilgrimage to Makka
Surat called the “Gate of Makka” as the pilgrimage started from there.
Departments in Tughlaq Administration
Dewan-i-Bandagani (Slaves)
, Dewan-i-Mustakhraj (Arrears),
Dewan-i-Kohi (Agriculture),
Dewan-i-Arz (Military).
Battles and Defeats
Battle of Khanua (1527, Babar defeats Rana Sanga).
First Battle of Panipat (1526, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi).
Shah Jahan’s Reign Expansion
Annexed Rajput kingdoms; captured Bijapur and Golconda in the Deccan.
Ramananda and Hindi Propagation
First Bhakti saint to use Hindi for his message.
Firoz Tughlaq’s Administrative Changes
Separate department of slaves (Diwan-i-Bandagan).
Branding system of horses.
Shah Jahan’s Central Asia Campaign
Motive: Secure defense of Northwest India.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s Agrarian Changes
Attempts to bring changes; overassessment and famine worsened the situation.
Zia-ud-din-Barani
Contemporary of Muhammad Tughlaq and Firoz Tughlaq. Composed Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi and Fatwa-i-Jahandari.
Sufi Orders
Sheikh Ahmad Sarhandi of Naqshbandi order.
Qadiri order introduced by Sheikh Nizamatullah and Makhdum Muhammad Jilani.
Akbar’s Campaign Towards Afghanistan
Marched in 1581 to conquer Kabul and expand his kingdom.
Shah Alam II’s Initial Years
Spent away from the capital due to Najib Khan Rohilla’s influence.
Bahadur Shah I’s Royal Title
Assumed the royal title due to greed for power.
Marathas and United Indian Nation Concept
Marathas criticized for not having the concept of a united Indian nation.
Babur’s Invitation to India
Invited by Alam Khan and Daulat Khan Lodi.
Battle of Dharmat
Fought between Aurangzeb and Dara Shikoh in 1658 for Shahjahan’s throne.
Farrukh Siyyar’s Defeat
Defeated by his nephew with the help of Sayyid Brothers.
Ibrahim Adil Shah II and Kitab-i-Nauras
Ruler of Bijapur Sultanate; wrote Kitab-i-Nauras.
Qutbud-din Aibak’s Death
Died after a fall from his horse while playing chaugan (polo) in 1210.
Bhakti Saints Chronology
Shankaracharya (9th Century CE) -
Ramanuja (1017-1137 CE)
- Chaitanya (1486-1533 CE).
Vijayanagara Dynasties
Sangama dynasty founded by Harihara-I.
Saluva dynasty founded by Narasimha Saluva.
Taluva dynasty founded by Vira Narasimha.
Ahmadnagar and Mughal Annexation
Founded by Malik Ahmad in 1490. Annexed by Shahjahan in 1633.
Banda Bahadur and Guru Gobind Singh
Appointed as military leader by Guru Gobind Singh.
Angkorvat Temple
First Hindu temple dedicated to Vishnu.
Buddhist temple built during Suryavarman II’s reign.
World’s largest religious building.
Founders of Vijayanagara Dynasty
Indigenous chieftains from Karnataka, Vijaya, and Krishna. Established small feudatory state with Mysore as the capital.
Sir Thomas Roe and Commercial Treaty
Visited Jahangir in 1612 to arrange a commercial treaty for East India Company.
Treaty gave the company exclusive rights in Surat and other areas.
Akbar’s Token Currency
Issued bronze coins as token currency, a great fiasco.
Lodi Dynasty Rulers
Bahlol (1451?1489), Sikandar (1489?1517), Ibrahim (1517?1526).
Tukaram and Marathi Bhakti Poet
Tukaram (1608?1650), Marathi Bhakti poet and devotee of Lord Krishna.
Abdul Hamid Lahori and Shahjahan’s Court
Traveler during Shahjahan’s period. Court historian who wrote “Padshah Nama” or “Badshah Nama.”
Vijaya Vittala Temple in Hampi
Located at Hampi, capital of Vijayanagar kingdom during Krishnadev Raya’s reign.
William Hawkins and East India Company’s First Factory
Visited Jahangir’s court, received a farman allowing the company’s first factory at Surat in 1613.
Oldest Temple in Hampi (Pattadkal)
Located on the southern bank of river Tungabhadra.
Built by Queen Lokamahadevi to commemorate her husband’s victory.
Temples in Various Cities
Bhimeshwar (Kakinada),
Kandariya Mahadeo (Khajuraho),
Rajarani temple (Bhubneshvar),
Vidyashankara Temple (Sringeri).
James-I and East India Company
James-I sent William Hawkins to Jahangir’s court, Jahangir provided a farman in 1613.
Nagarjuna and Madhyamika Philosophy
Founder of Madhyamika philosophy.
Buddha’s Place in Hinduism
Considered 9th incarnation of Vishnu. No persecution by Central Asian tribes. Gupta dynasty did not oppose Buddhism but did not patronize it.
Dhrupad and Devotional Music
Dhrupad primarily spiritual and devotional music using Sanskrit syllables.
Statements about Aurangzeb
All statements correct.
Guru Nanak’s Birth and Babur’s Reign
Guru Nanak born in 1469. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in 1526.
Ibadat Khana at Fatehpur Sikri
Hall where Akbar held religious discussions.
Medieval Designations
‘Mahattara’ and ‘Pattakila’ used for village headmen.
States Outside Main Conflict Areas
Champaka, Durgara, Trigarta, Kuluta, Kumaon, and Garhwal.
Gun Powder Use in Medieval India
Gunpowder used for military purposes in the 14th and 15th centuries. Timurid dynasty - Sunni Muslim, influenced by Persian culture.
Vijayanagara Empire
Founded in the 14th century.
Stretched from Krishna to the southern tip.
Founded by Harihara I and Bukka in 1336.
Banjara People
Transporters of goods. Traded salt, grains, firewood, and cattle.
Decoding Ashoka’s Edicts
Decoded by James Prinsep in 1837.
Bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism
Central to Mahayana doctrines. Destiny for enlightenment rather than having already gained it.