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history Flashcards

1
Q

C. Rajagopalachari and Dr. Rajendra Prasad:

A

Rajagopalachari: Head of Department of Education. Rajendra Prasad: Head of Department of Food & Agriculture.

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2
Q

Portuguese in Hooghly:

A

Used as a base for piracy. Qasim Khan, governor of Bengal, subdued them in 1631-32.

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3
Q

Usage of Persian Language:

A

Maintaining revenue and administrative records.

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4
Q

Maratha Families:

A

Scindias of Gwalior.
Holkars of Indore.
Gaekwads of Baroda.
Bhonsles of Nagpur.

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5
Q

Battles:

A

Battle of Wandiwash (1760): English defeated the French.
Battle of Buxar (1764): English defeated Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-daula, Shah Alam II.

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6
Q

Adivasi:

A

Means primitive people.

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7
Q

Governor-Generals:

A

Earl Cornwallis: 1786-1793.
Marquess Cornwallis: 1805.
Lord Dalhousie: 1848-1856.
Lord Mountbatten: Last Viceroy of India (1947).

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8
Q

Gopal Krishna Gokhale:

A

Worked for social reform. Advocate of child marriage, widow remarriage, and women’s rights.

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9
Q

First Indian Cinema Advertisement:

A

Times of India, 7th August 1896.

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10
Q

Dupleix in India:

A

Succeeded Dumas as French governor of Pondicherry.
Ambition: Acquire vast territories in India.

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11
Q

Educational Institutions and Reports:

A

Hindu College, Calcutta: 1817.
Adam?s Report: 1835-38.
Wood?s Despatch: 1854.
University of Calcutta: 1858.

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12
Q

Durgesh Nandini:

A

Written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in 1862-1864.

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13
Q

Captain William Sleeman:

A

Appointed by Lord William Bentick (1828-35) to suppress the thugs.

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14
Q

Educational Reports:

A

Macaulay?s Minute on Education: 1835.
Wood?s Despatch: 1854.
Sargent Education Report: 1944.
Hunter Commission: 1882-83.

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15
Q

Revolts:

A

.
Pabna Revolt (1873, East Bengal).
.Birsa Munda Revolt (1899, Ranchi).
Moplah Revolt (1921, Malabar)
Eka Movement (1921-22, UP)

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16
Q

1857 Revolt:

A

Did not spread everywhere.
Not supported by all groups. S
outh and West India largely unaffected.

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17
Q

Abanindranath Tagore:

A

Leader of Revivalist Movement in modern Indian painting in Bengal.

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18
Q

British Economic Principle in India:

A

India as a producer of raw materials.
Raw materials exported to England.

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19
Q

Alam Ara:

A

First Indian sound film, directed by Ardeshir Irani.

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20
Q

Lord Lytton:

A

Viceroy from 1876-80.

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21
Q

Lord Hastings:

A

Governor-General from 1813-23.

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22
Q

Plays:

A

Ghashiram Kotwal (Vijay Tendulkar, 1972).
Neel Darpan (Dinabandhu Mitra, 1858-1859).

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23
Q

The Life Divine:

A

Sri Aurobindo?s major philosophical opus.

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24
Q

Revolts:

A

Santhal Rebellion (1855-56).
Indigo Revolt (1860).
Deccan Riot (1875).

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25
Q

Wars and Treaties:

A

First Anglo-Maratha War (1782): Britishers defeated.
Second Anglo-Mysore War: Treaty of Mangalore.
First Anglo-Burmese War (1826): Burmese defeated.
First Anglo-Afghan War (1838): Afghan defeated.

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26
Q

Extension of British Indian Territory:

A

Doctrine of Lapse under Dalhousie. Jhansi, Satara, Jaitpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur.

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27
Q

Dadra and Nagar Haveli:

A

Under Portuguese colonial rule till 1954.

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28
Q

Tipu Sultan:

A

Established embassies in France, Turkey, Egypt.

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29
Q

Meena Kumari:

A

Not a recipient of Bharat Ratna.

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30
Q

Permanent Settlement:

A

Introduced in 1793 by Lord Cornwallis.
Zamindars became owners, British got a fixed share.

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31
Q

Arya Samaj:

A

Founded in 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati.

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32
Q

Charles Wilkins and Bhagavad Gita:

A

Member of Asiatic Society of Bengal. Translated Bhagavad Gita into English in 1794.

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33
Q

Poona Sarvajanik Sabha:

A

Established in 1870 by M.G. Ranaday and Joshi. Petitioned in 1875 for India’s direct representation in the British Parliament.

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34
Q

British Contact with Khasis:

A

After the grant of Diwani in 1765.
Mountain tribes called Khasis.

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35
Q

Regulating Act and Pitts India Act:

A

Regulating Act: Passed in 1773.

Pitts India Act: Passed in 1784.

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36
Q

Indian Councils Act of 1861:

A

Transformed Viceroy’s Executive Council into a miniature cabinet. Portfolio system,
five members in charge of distinct departments.

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37
Q

Whitley and Royal Commission on Labour:

A

Whitley chaired the Royal Commission on Labour in India (1931).

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38
Q

Portuguese Capture of Goa:

A

Captured from rulers of Bijapur in 1510 (not 1499).

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39
Q

Dutch East India Company in India:

A

First factory in Masulipattanam in 1605.
Other factories in Pulicat (1610), Surat (1616), Bimilipatam (1641), Chinsura (1653).

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40
Q

Wood’s Despatch of 1854:

A

Magna Carta of English education in India. Recommended English for higher studies, vernaculars at school level.

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41
Q

Farrukhsiyar and Revenue Farming:

A

Introduced revenue farming in Bengal.

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42
Q

Charter Act of 1833:

A

Provides for the appointment of a law member (not necessarily Indian).

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43
Q

Ilbert Bill:

A

Introduced during the viceroyalty of Lord Rippon.

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44
Q

First Indian Joint Stock Bank:

A

Oudh Commercial Bank: Established in 1881 (collapsed in 1958).

Punjab National Bank: Established in Lahore in 1895.

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45
Q

Wars:

A

First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782).
First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846).
Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849).

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46
Q

Vernacular Press Act:

A

Passed by Lord Lytton in 1878.
Repealed by Ripon in 1882.

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47
Q

Governor-Generals:

A

Lord Curzon (1899-1905).
.Lord Hardinge (1910-1916).
Lord Chelmsford (1916-1921)
Lord Irwin (1926-1931).

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48
Q

Annexation of Princely States:

A

Annexed by Lord Dalhousie under Doctrine of Lapse. , Satara (1848)
Sambalpur (1849),
.Jhansi (1854)

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49
Q

Battles:

A

First Battle of Panipat (1526): Ibrahim Lodi defeated by Babur.
Third Battle of Panipat (1761): Ahmed Shah Abdali defeated Marathas.
Tipu Sultan killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799).

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50
Q

Kunwar Singh:

A

Belonged to the royal Ujjaini house of Jagdispur.

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51
Q

Leaders in Revolts:

A

Jhansi: Rani Laxmibai.

Lucknow: Begum Hazrat Mehal.

Jagdishpur (Bihar): Kunwar Singh.

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52
Q

Social Reformers:

A

Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s campaign led to Bengal Regulation Act of 1829.
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and Gattunath Bose: First graduates of Calcutta University.

JED Bethune founded Bethune School in Calcutta in 1849.

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53
Q

Vernacular Press Act (1878):

A

Lord Lytton brought it into force.
Repealed by Lord Ripon in 1882.

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54
Q

Kochi and British Colony:

A

Modern Kochi became part of the British colony (after being Dutch). Fort Williams built in Kochi by the Dutch.

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55
Q

Lord Curzon and Police Force:

A

Lord Curzon: First Governor-General to establish a regular police force.
Supreme Court established at Fort Williams by the Regulating Act, 1773.

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56
Q

Battles:

A

Battle of Ambur (1749).
Battle of Plassey (1757).
Battle of Wandiwash (1760).
Battle of Buxar (1764).

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57
Q

Fabian Society:

A

British socialist intellectual movement. Focused on gradual influence of socialist ideas.

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58
Q

Charter Act, 1813:

A

Abolished East India Company monopoly of Indian trade.

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59
Q

Anand Math:

A

Bengali novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. Published in 1882.

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60
Q

Rani Lakshmibai:

A

British forces failed to subdue her.
Betrayed by Man Singh and captured on 7 April 1859.

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61
Q

Revolt of 1857:

A

Referred to as Sepoy Mutiny.
Lord Canning made Viceroy after the mutiny.

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62
Q

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

A

Started the Widow Remarriage Movement.

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63
Q

Annexation of States:

A

Awadh annexed by Lord Dalhousie in 1856. Doctrine of Lapse not applicable to Awadh.

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64
Q

First Factory Act (1881):

A

Passed during Lord Ripon’s time. Improved service conditions of factory workers.

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65
Q

Colonial Establishments:

A

Portuguese (1498).
Dutch (1602).
English (1599).
French (1664).

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66
Q

Warren Hastings:

A

First Governor-General of Bengal.

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67
Q

Fort Establishments:

A

Fort St Angelo, Kerala (1505) by the Portuguese
Fort St George, Chennai (1644).
Fort St David, Madras (1670).
Fort William, Calcutta (1781).
.

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68
Q

Bahu-Bivah:

A

Written in protest of polygamy.

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69
Q

Devi Chaudhurani:

A

Bengali novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterji. Published in 1884.

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70
Q

Hindu College at Calcutta:

A

Foundation laid on January 20, 1817.

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71
Q

First Electric Telegraph Line and Export Zone:

A

First electric telegraph line: Kolkata to Diamond Harbour in 1850.

First export zone: Kandla in 1965.

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72
Q

Lord Cornwallis and Civil Services:

A

Lord Cornwallis (1786-93): First to bring into existence and organize civil services

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73
Q

Judicial Reforms by Lord Cornwallis:

A

Judicial reforms in 1793.
Cornwallis Code introduced.
Principle of Separation of Powers.
Creation of District Judge role.

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74
Q

Ahmad Shah Abdali’s Invasion:

A

To avenge expulsion of Timur Shah.
Invaded India for the fifth time in Oct. 1759. Conquered Punjab.

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75
Q

Portuguese in Pondicherry:

A

Portuguese established a factory in Pondicherry in the sixteenth century.

Dutch and English later occupied it.

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76
Q

Impact of Cornwallis’ Reforms:

A

Cornwallis reforms increased litigation.
Removal of Court Fee.
Extension of right of appeal.

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77
Q

Foreign Interference in Indigenous World:

A

Options rejected for various reasons.
Foreign interference dismantled indigenous structures.

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78
Q

Indian Tribute and Home Charges:

A

RC Datt’s view on Indian Tribute. Proposes future payment of Home Charges from Indian Exchequer.

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79
Q

Indian National Congress Foundation:

A

Founded on December 28, 1885.
Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College in Bombay.
Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee elected President.

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80
Q

Ryotwari Settlement:

A

Peasants pay rent directly to the Government. Government gives pattas to the Ryots.

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81
Q

Statements on Cornwallis’ Reforms:

A

Statements 1 & 2 are correct.

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82
Q

Raja Todarmal, Babur, and Tobacco:

A

Raja Todarmal introduced land revenue assessment.
Babur used firearms and artillery in battles.
Tobacco introduced by Portuguese.

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83
Q

Ilbert Bill:

A

Exempted British subjects from trial by Indian magistrates.
British subjects could only be tried by a high court.

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84
Q

Radcliffe Line:

A

Boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan.
Named after Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

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85
Q

1911 Durbar and Capital Transfer:

A

King George V’s visit in 1911.

Capital transfer from Calcutta to Delhi.
Partition of Bengal annulled.

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86
Q

Objectives of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858):

A

Disclaim intention to annex Indian States.
Place Indian administration under British Crown.

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87
Q

Manganiyars:

A

Tribal community from Rajasthan with a strong musical tradition.

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88
Q

Ghadar Party:

A

Revolutionary association founded by Punjabi Indians. Aimed at gaining India’s independence from British rule.
Headquarters at San Francisco.

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89
Q

Vassal in Feudal System:

A

A person becomes a vassal by pledging political allegiance. Provides military, political, and financial service to a lord. Lord possesses complete sovereignty over land or acts in the service of another sovereign.

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90
Q

Founders of Indian Nationalism and Anti-imperialism:

A

Dadabhai Naoroji, R. C. Dutt, Ranade, Gokhale, G. Subramania Iyer.
Grounded Indian nationalism on anti-imperialism.
World’s first economic critique of colonialism before Hobson and Lenin.

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91
Q

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (Government of India Act 1919):

A

Clearly defined jurisdiction of central and provincial governments.

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92
Q

Satyashodhak Samaj:

A

Established by Jyotirao Phule on September 24, 1873.
Aims to liberate social shudra and untouchable castes from exploitation.

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93
Q

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919):

A

Introduced self-governing institutions in India. Outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report (1918). Basis for the Government of India Act 1919.

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94
Q

Keshab Chandra Sen and Naba-Bidhan:

A

In 1881, Keshab Chandra Sen established Naba-Bidhan.

New universalist religion after differences within brahmo Samaj.

Part of Indian reform association to legalize Brahmo marriage and fix minimum age.

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95
Q

Surat Split (1907):

A

Extremists dissatisfied with Moderates’ negotiation with the British.
Extremists believed it was time for a big push for freedom.

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96
Q

Cripps Mission (1942):

A

Main proposals: Indian Union with dominion status.
Free to decide relations with the Commonwealth and participate in international bodies.
Propose dominion status to India after WW2.

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97
Q

Annamacharya and Tyagaraja:

A

Annamacharya belonged to the 15th century.
Tyagaraja born in 1767.
They can’t be contemporaries.

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98
Q

Impact of British Rule on Indian Trade:

A

Fine qualities of cotton and silk had a big market in Europe.
Bombay handled half of India’s imports and exports
. Opium was a significant item in India’s trade.

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99
Q

Features of Subsidiary Alliance:

A

Points A, B, and D were salient features.

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100
Q

Commercialization of Indian Agriculture:

A

Major impact of British rule on the Indian economy.

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101
Q

Timeline of Events:

A

Neeldarpan (1859),
Satyendranath’s CSE (1863),

Arya Samaj founded (1875),
Anandmath written (1882).

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102
Q

Jonathan Duncan and Fort William College:

A

Sanskrit College established in Banaras by Jonathan Duncan.
Arthur Wellesley fought 4th Anglo-Mysore war against Tipu Sultan.

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103
Q

Wood’s Dispatch (1854):

A

Recommended primary and secondary education in Vernacular language. Statements 1 and 2 are correct.

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104
Q

Introduction of English Education:

A

Macaulay, William Bentinck, and Charles Wood were responsible.

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105
Q

Founding Conference of HMS:

A

Ashok Mehta as General Secretary, G.G. Mehta, and V.S. Mathur as Secretaries.

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106
Q

French Travelers in Mughal India:

ttba

A

Tavernier, Thevenot, Bernier, and Abbe Carre were French travelers.

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107
Q

Communist Party in Kerala (1957):

A

In 1957, Communist Party won the largest number of seats in Kerala legislature.
E. M. S. Namboodiripad, leader of the Communist legislature party, invited to form the ministry.
First time worldwide a Communist party government came to power through democratic elections. Correct pattern: _ - 2 - _ - 1 - _ - 4. Option B fits this pattern.

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108
Q

Land Reforms in India:

A

Ceilings initially imposed on individuals, not family holdings
. Many exemptions to ceiling limits were permitted.
Land reform not responsible for cash crop cultivation becoming predominant.

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109
Q

End of East India Company’s Monopoly (1858):

A

The Company’s monopoly over trade in India ended.
The Company retained trade with China and trade in tea.

The Company retained possession of territories and revenue for 20 years.

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110
Q

Gandhi’s Activities in Jail (1932):

A

Gandhi set up the All India Anti-Untouchability League in September 1932.
All India Kisan Congress/Sabha founded in Lucknow in April 1936.
Self-Respect Movement led by E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker in South India during the 1920s.

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111
Q

Decline of Indigo Cultivation:

A

The decline began by the beginning of the 20th century.
Synthetic dyes discovered in the late 19th century, affecting indigo production.
Indigo revolt in Bengal in March 1859 played a significant role.

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112
Q

Fort William College and Lord Wellesley:

A

Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) wanted adequate training for European civil servants.
Fort William College in Calcutta provided three years of training.
Closed in 1802 due to fears of loyalty shifting from London to Calcutta.

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113
Q

Industrialization in 20th Century:

A

Machines were very few; introduced in the early 20th century
.
Railway lines laid in the second half of the 19th century.

British goods given duty-free trade permits.

114
Q

Social Reformers in the 20th Century:

A

B.R. Ambedkar, M.K. Gandhi, and Jyotiba Phule worked in the
20th century. Jyotiba Phule wrote ‘Ghulam Giri.’
Gopal Baba Walangkar was a leader of the Mahar Movement in the 19th century.

115
Q

Founding of Independence for Indian League:

A

Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose as Secretaries.
S. Srinivasa Iyengar as President. Founded to oppose the Nehru Report.
Demanded complete independence and imposition of social structure.

116
Q

Communist Vanguard and M.N. Roy:

A

Communist Vanguard was an emigre Communist journal of M.N. Roy.

117
Q

Timeline of Events:

A

Partition of Bengal - 1905.
Lucknow Pact - 1916.
Rowlatt Act - February 1919.
Montford Reforms (GIA 1919) - December 1919.

118
Q

Barrah Dacoity (1908):

A

Barrah Dacoity organized by Dacca Anushilan under Pulin Das in East Bengal.

119
Q

Dandi March (1930):

A

Gandhi started the civil disobedience movement on March 12, 1930.
Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi. Broke the salt law on April 6, 1930.

120
Q

Satya Sodhak Samaj (1873):

A

Founded by Jyoti Ba Phule in 1873.

121
Q

Vallabh Bhai Patel in Gujarat:

A

Vallabh Bhai Patel led the movement in Gujarat.

122
Q

Formation of Swaraj Party (1923):

A

Swaraj party formed in 1923 by C.R. Das.

123
Q

British Sovereignty in India (After Aug 15, 1947):

A

British sovereignty ceased to exist in India after August 15, 1947.

124
Q

Drain Theory and Dadabhai Naoroji:

A

Drain theory put forward by Dadabhai Naoroji. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan did not believe in Dadabhai Naoroji’s drain theory.

125
Q

Residence and Constituent Assembly Election:

A

Resident of Bombay Presidency, elected to Constituent Assembly from WB.

126
Q

Rowlatt Act and Gandhi’s Opposition:

A

Anarchical and Revolutionary Crime Act (1919) - Rowlatt Act. Gandhi called it a Black Act.

127
Q

Tilak?s Home Rule League

A

“April 1916; Associated with Karnagatamaru Incident in September 1914; Mahatma Gandhi?s arrival in India from South Africa ? 1915”

128
Q

Simon Commission

A

“All 7 members were whites”

129
Q

Extremists in Indian National Movement

A

“Believed in sacrificing everything for the cause; Instilled self-respect and patriotism; Emphasized past heroes like Ashoka

130
Q

Jalianwala Bagh massacre

A

“Occurred on April 13

131
Q

Important Events

A

“August Offer ? 1940
Quit India Movement ? 1942;
; INA Trial ? 1945;
Royal Indian Navy Ratings Revolt ? 1946”

132
Q

Extremists vs. Moderates in the 20th Century

A

“Extremists: Aggressive stance

133
Q

Badruddin Tyabji

A

“Not associated with the Muslim League;
First Muslim president of INC in 1887 at Madras”

134
Q

Lord Curzon

A

“Governor-General from 1899 to 1905”

135
Q

Ghadr

A

“Established in 1913 under the leadership of Lala Hardayal; HQ in San Francisco”

136
Q

Plan Balkan

A

“Used by Lord Curzon; Unable to keep India united”

137
Q

Role of Moderates and Extremists

A

“Separated at Surat session in 1907; Reunited at 1916 session in Lucknow”

138
Q

Cripps Proposals

A

“Rejected by the Congress;
Recommended dominion status
instead of complete independence;
Mission consisted solely of whites”

139
Q

Non-Cooperation Movement

A

“Started by Gandhi in 1920;
Halted after the Chauri-Chaura incident in 1922”

140
Q

Interim Government (1946)

A

“Formed on September 2

141
Q

Partition of India

A

“Accepted by the Indian National Congress to avoid large-scale communal riots”

142
Q

Mahatma Gandhi at the time of Independence

A

“Not a member of the Congress
; Working in Calcutta to end violence

143
Q

Abinava Bharat

A

“Secret society of revolutionaries; Organized in 1904 by VD Sabarkar”

144
Q

Time Span of Legislative Acts

A

“Indian Councils Act of 1861 ?
31 years; Indian Councils Act of 1892 ? 17 years;
Indian Councils Act of 1909 ? 10 years;
Government of India Act 1919 ? 16 years”

145
Q

Cabinet Mission

A

“Reached Delhi on March 24

146
Q

Role of S.C. Bose and Socialists in World War II

A

“Argued war as imperialist; Advocated for Civil Disobedience Movement”

147
Q

Cabinet Mission Plan

A

“Came into being in May 1946; Sardar Patel was in favor”

148
Q

Surendranath Banerji

A

“Cleared competitive examination in 1869; Dismissed from the job due to racial discrimination”

149
Q

Imperial Preference

A

“Proposed system of reciprocally-leveled tariffs; Promoted mutual prosperity within the British Commonwealth”

150
Q

Quit India Movement

A

“Placed the demand for independence on the immediate agenda; Described by Lord Linlithgow as the most serious revolt after the sepoy mutiny”

151
Q

Champaran Movement

A

“First action of Gandhi on an all-India level; Satyagraha was to be launched on April 6

152
Q

Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s Three P?s Method

A

Described as political mendicancy - Propagated militancy, not mendicancy

153
Q

Best Answer for Hindu-Muslim Unity

A

Best possible answer is (a)

154
Q

Aitcheson and Hindu-Muslim Unity

A

Aitcheson, Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab - Indirectly accepted Hindu-Muslim unity during the revolt of 1857

155
Q

Government of India Act 1935

A

Provincial autonomy replaced diarchy - GIA 1919 provided diarchy at the Centre and in provinces

156
Q

Indian National Army (INA)

A

Came into existence in March 1942 in Japan - Led by Mohan Singh, idea first conceived in Malaya

157
Q

Mountbatten Plan

A

Came into existence on June 3, 1947 - Gandhi suggested inviting Jinnah to form the government instead of partition

158
Q

Tripura State

A

Princely state during the British Raj - Involved in the freedom movement, fought against kingship and the British

159
Q

Gandhi’s Return from South Africa

A

Returned in 1915 - Launched first successful Satyagraha in Champaran in 1917

160
Q

Historical Events

A

Chittagong Armoury Raid ? April 1930 - Abhinav Bharat ? 1904 - Anushilan Samiti ? 1902, Calcutta

161
Q

Quit India Movement

A

Placed demand for independence on the immediate agenda -
Described as the most serious revolt after the sepoy mutiny by Lord Linlithgow

162
Q

Role of Early Nationalists

A

Fought for the rights of common people

163
Q

Haripura Session (1938)

A

Conducted by S.C. Bose

164
Q

Partition of India

A

Division in 1947 - Punjab proposed united and independent existence

165
Q

Balkan Plan (1947)

A

Brainchild of Mountbatten - Envisaged transfer of power and voting for partition in Punjab and Bengal

166
Q

Sarojini Naidu

A

Second woman President of Congress in 1925 - Annie Besant was the first in 1917 -
A.O.
Hume founded INC in 1885 - Alfred Webb was President in 1894 - C.R. Das was President in 1921

167
Q

Hunter Commission

A

Appointed after Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919) - Separate Hunter Commission (1882-83) emphasized on primary and secondary education

168
Q

Demand of Complete Independence

A

Raised by CPI before main political parties in 1921 - Manifesto by M. N. Roy and Abani Mukherjee

169
Q

Chittagong Armoury Raid

A

Conducted in April 1930 by Surya Sen - Involved 65 activists under the Indian Republican Army ? Chittagong Branch

170
Q

Syed Ameer Ali

A

Established a branch of the League in London in 1908

171
Q

All India States Peoples? Conference

A

Political organization in India during the British Raj - Nehru was its president between 1935?1947

172
Q

Barisal Movement

A

Liakat Hussain did not lead - Movement for salt breaking during civil disobedience

173
Q

All-India Muslim League

A

Founded at Dacca (now Dhaka, Bangladesh) in 1906 - Supported the partition of Bengal

174
Q

Inclusion of Princely States in Federal Union

A

British intention in the India Act of 1935 - To counterbalance anti-imperialist doctrines of nationalist leaders

175
Q

Acharya J.B. Kriplani

A

INC President (Nov 1946 ? Dec 1947) - 1946 INC session held at Merrut

176
Q

Communal Award

A

Announced by Ramsay McDonald in August 1932 - August Offer - 1940; Doctrine of Lapse events

177
Q

Khudai Khidmatgars

A

Organized by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan - Non-violent freedom struggle against the British

178
Q

Labour Leaders and INC

A

Influenced by communist ideology - Considered INC as bourgeoisie and reactionary

179
Q

Cabinet Mission (1946)

A

Last opportunity to avoid partition - Muslim League rejected plan despite winning seats - Did not attend the first meeting of Constituent Assembly on Dec 9, 1946

180
Q

Constituent Assembly Members

A

Elected by provincial assemblies - System of proportional representation

181
Q

Interim Government (1946)

A

Formed on Sept 2, 1946, as per Cabinet Mission proposal - Headed by Jawahar Lal Nehru

182
Q

Bardoli Satyagraha (1928)

A

Led by Vallabhbhai Patel in Gujarat - Women of Bardoli gave him the title of Sardar

183
Q

Rowlatt Act (1919)

A

Passed in March 1919 - Authorized government to imprison without trial - Maulana Mohd. Ali and Abul Kalam Azad resigned from legislative council in 1919 during the Khilafat Movement

184
Q

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)

A

Congress Session at Karachi endorsed the pact in 1931 - Presided over by Vallabh Bhai Patel

185
Q

Cripps Mission (1942)

A

Any province not willing to join the Union could have a separate constitution - Provided for Indian Union with dominion status after World War II

186
Q

Moderates Leaving Congress (1919)

A

Banerjea and moderates left to form Indian Liberal Federation in 1919

187
Q

Government of India Act (GIA) 1935

A

Provincial autonomy replaced diarchy - Governor had powers to refuse assent to bills and promulgate ordinances - Separate electorates based on communal representation persisted

188
Q

Indian National Congress Sessions

A

First session in 1885 at Bombay (presided by W.C. Banerjee) - Second session held in Calcutta - Lucknow session in 1916 presided over by A.C. Majumdaar

189
Q

Constituent Assembly’s First Session (1946)

A

Held on Dec 9, 1946

190
Q

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1918)

A

Basis of Government of India Act (GIA) 1919

191
Q

Maulana Hasrat Mohani’s Proposal (1921)

A

Proposed defining Swaraj as complete independence free from foreign control - Presented during the session of All India Muslim League in Lucknow

192
Q

Tagore’s Protest (1919)

A

Returned Knighthood as a protest against Jallianwala Bagh Massacre on April 13, 1919

193
Q

Historical Events

A

Chauri?Chaura?Feb 1922; Minto?Morley Reforms-1909; Dandi March ? 1930; Montagu?Chelmsford Reforms?1918

194
Q

Ghadr Revolutionaries

A

Based in San Francisco and branches along the US Coast and in the Far East

195
Q

Gandhiji’s Advice to Government Servants

A

Asked not to resign but declare allegiance to Congress - Soldiers were asked not to leave posts but not to fire

196
Q

Congress Ministries (1937)

A

Formed in Bombay, Madras, Central Provinces, Orissa, United Provinces, Bihar, NWFP, and Assam

197
Q

Lahore Session (1929)

A

Working committee authorized to launch a program of Civil Disobedience

198
Q

Prominent Persons

A

Include Abani Mukherjee and Mohd. Ali Mohd. Shafiq

199
Q

Fundamental Rights Resolution (Karachi Session)

A

Nehru drafted the resolution - Presided over by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel

200
Q

UP Kisan Sabha (1918)

A

Founded by Indra Narayani Dwivedi and Gauri Shankar Misra - Supported by M.M. Malviya

201
Q

Civil Disobedience Movements

A

Champaran (First Civil Disobedience)?1917; Ahmedabad Mill Strike (First Hunger Strike)?March 1918; Kheda Satyagraha (First Non-Cooperation)?June 1918

202
Q

Shimla Conference (1945)

A

Lord Wavell was the Viceroy during the conference in June 1945

203
Q

Round Table Conferences (RTC)

A

First RTC: Nov 1930 - Jan 1931; Second RTC: Dec 1931 in London; Third RTC: Nov 1932 - Dec 1932; INC did not participate in the first and third RTC; Poona Pact signed by B.R. Ambedkar in September 1932, abandoning separate electorates

204
Q

Forward Bloc (1939)

A

Founded on May 3, 1939 - Left-wing nationalist political party, stronghold in West Bengal

205
Q

GIA 1919

A

Provincial Autonomy replaced Diarchy - All India Federation comprised British Indian provinces, chief commissioner’s provinces, and Indian states

206
Q

First Independence Day Celebration (1930)

A

Celebrated on January 26, 1930

207
Q

Madam Cama

A

Unfurled the National Flag at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany, on August 21, 1907

208
Q

Dr. Rajendra Prasad

A

Became the first Indian President of India after independence

209
Q

Wavell Plan (1945)

A

Proposed in Simla Conference in June 1945

210
Q

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (1919)

A

Occurred on April 13, 1919 - Rowlatt Act passed in March 1919, authorizing imprisonment without trial - Tagore renounced his Knighthood in protest

211
Q

Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

A

Gandhi’s first Satyagraha in India - Addressed problems of poor peasants caused by indigo planters

212
Q

National Anthem by Tagore

A

Written in 1905 in Bangla - Tagore wrote anthems for India and Bangladesh

213
Q

Gokhale’s Servants of India Society (1905)

A

Established in 1905 - Gokhale rejected knighthood and a position in the Council of State

214
Q

Indian National Army (INA) (1942)

A

Formed in Berlin in January 1942 - Propaganda Ministry announced its formation - Became the ‘Free Indian Legion’ with German Army uniforms

215
Q

Wavell Plan (1945)

A

Proposed in Shimla Conference in June 1945 by Lord Wavell

216
Q

K.G. Deshpande and ‘New Lamps for Old’

A

Deshpande requested Sri Aurobindo to write for ‘Induprakash’ weekly - Sri Aurobindo wrote fiery articles criticizing Congress for its moderate policy

217
Q

Book: ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’

A

Authored by Dadabhai Naoroji

218
Q

Rowlatt Act (1919)

A

Passed in March 1919 during Lord Chelmsford’s tenure - Authorized government to imprison without trial

219
Q

J.B. Kriplani and Champaran Satyagraha (1917)

A

Educated at Fergusson College, Pune - Joined freedom movement after Gandhi’s return - Contacted Gandhi during Champaran Satyagraha

220
Q

Al-Hilal Newspaper

A

Established by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad - Used to criticize the British Raj - Shut down under the Press Act of 1914

221
Q

Formation of INC (1885)

A

Formed on Dec 28, 1885, in Bombay - First session under the presidency of W.C. Banerjee

222
Q

Subh-e Azadi (Dawn of Freedom)

A

Written in August 1947 after the partition of India

223
Q

Day of Deliverance (1939)

A

Unilaterally declared by the Viceroy in September 1939 - Congress ministeries resigned in October 1939 - Muslim League declared it as the Day of Deliverance

224
Q

Quit India Movement (1942)

A
225
Q

Cripps Proposals (1942)

A

Did not include full independence for India - Offered Indian union with dominion status - Congress objected, demanding complete independence

226
Q

Arrest of Aruna Asaf Ali

A

Award of ?5000 on her arrest - Known as the grand old lady of the independence movement

227
Q

Stafford Cripps Mission (1942)

A

Sent to India with constitutional proposals in March 1942 - Proposed an Indian union with dominion status after the war - A constituent assembly would be convened to frame a new constitution

228
Q

Rowlatt Act (1919)

A

Passed in March 1919, opposed by every single Indian member of the Central Legislative Council - Contributed to the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy in Amritsar on April 13, 1919

229
Q

Dandi March (1930)

A

Started on March 12, 1930, from Sabarmati Ashram - Reached Dandi on April 6, 1930 - Gandhi broke the salt law by picking up a handful of salt at Dandi

230
Q

Gandhi’s ‘Do or Die’ Call (1942)

A

Given during Quit India Movement in 1942 - ‘We shall either free India or die in the attempt.’

231
Q

Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association (1917)

A

Founded in 1917

232
Q

Raksha Bandhan (1905)

A

Day observed as a day of mourning throughout Bengal - People fasted, bathed in the Ganga, walked barefoot in processions, and tied rakhis as a symbol of unity

233
Q

Instrument of Instructions (1935)

A

Under Government of India Act 1935 - Issued directives to governors and adopted under Directive Principles of State Policies

234
Q

Simon Commission (1927)

A

Established in 1927 - Proposed diarchy in Government of India Act 1919 - Replaced with Provincial Autonomy in Government of India Act 1935

235
Q

Dadabhai Naoroji’s INC Sessions

A

Presided over the session at Calcutta in 1906 supporting swadeshi, boycott, and national education - Ras Behari Ghosh presided over the Surat session in 1907 leading to the split between moderates and extremists

236
Q

Rajagopalachari’s Role (1944)

A

Instrumental in negotiations between Gandhi and Jinnah - Proposed a solution for Congress-League cooperation in 1944

237
Q

Partition of Bengal (1905)

A

Decision made public in December 1903 - Announced in July 1905 - Formal proclamation of the Swadeshi movement made on Aug 7, 1905, in protest

238
Q

Champaran Satyagraha Colleagues

A

Raj Kumar Shukla requested Gandhi for Champaran - Colleagues: JB Kriplani, Rajendra Prasad, Mazhar-ul-Haq, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parekh

239
Q

Karachi Session (1931)

A

Presided by Sardar Patel - Adoption of the Karachi Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy - Resolution drafted by Nehru but redrafted due to radicalism concerns

240
Q

Stafford Cripps Mission (1942)

A

Sent to India in March 1942 with constitutional proposals - Mission aimed to seek Indian support for the war

241
Q

Bombay Manifesto (1936)

A

Signed by twenty-one Bombay businessmen - Open indictment of Nehru’s socialist ideals - Deemed prejudicial to private property and the country’s peace and prosperity

242
Q

Quit India Movement (1942)

A

Quit India Resolution passed in August 1942 at Bombay session - Call for nonviolent participation - Opposition from communists, leading to damage to the labor movement - Various events with violence, burning of police stations, railway lines, and post offices

243
Q

Famine and Taxation (Gujarat)

A

Famine struck the district and a large part of Gujarat - British government insisted on full taxes despite agrarian economic destruction

244
Q

Gandhi and Ruskin’s Writings

A

Gandhi derived the message that ‘the job of a lawyer is equal to a job of a barber’ - Inspired by ‘the good of the individual is contained in the good of all’ - Life of labor derived, not life of celibacy

245
Q

Usha Mehta

A

Gandhian and freedom fighter - Operationalized the Congress Radio during Quit India Movement

246
Q

Nehru Report (1928)

A

Did not provide for separate electorates - Advocated joint electorates and Bills of Rights

247
Q

Congress Ministries Resignation (1939)

A

Resigned in protest against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow’s action - Declaration of India being a belligerent in World War II without consulting Indian people

248
Q

Social Reforms and INC Deliberations

A

Congress did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations - Decision to form a separate body for social reforms

249
Q

Parties Established by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

A

All India Scheduled Castes Federation - Independent Labour Party

250
Q

Gandhi’s Fast unto Death (1932)

A

Against Ramsay Macdonald’s Communal Award

251
Q

Dadabhai Naoroji’s Exposition

A

Exposed economic exploitation of India by the British

252
Q

Multiple Choice Correctness (Various Statements)

A

Only 1st statement is correct

253
Q

Multiple Choice Correctness (Various Statements)

A

1st and 3rd statements are correct

254
Q

Rowlatt Act (1919)

A

Act with provisions for imprisonment without trial and summary procedures

255
Q

Tebhaga Movement

A

Peasant movement in Bengal - Demanded two-thirds share of produce for peasants

256
Q

Annie Besant

A

Formed and led the Home Rule Movement - President of Indian National Congress in 1917 - Second President of Theosophical Society (Henry Steel Olcott was the founder)

257
Q

Simon Commission (1927)

A

Appointed in November 1927 - Excluded Indians, leading to protests

258
Q

Cripps Mission (1942)

A

Delegation sent by the British Government - Negotiations with Congress for cooperation during the war - Talks failed due to the absence of a timetable for self-government and the definition of powers to be relinquished

259
Q

1929 Congress Session

A

Significance: Adoption of Poorna Swaraj as the goal of the Congress

260
Q

Surat Split (1907)

A

Moderates and Extremists split - Reasons: Moderates’ control, generational impatience, Swadeshi Movement

261
Q

Incorrect Statements

A

All statements are incorrect

262
Q

Rowlatt Committee (1918)

A

Sedition Committee to evaluate political terrorism - Gandhi utilized Home Rule Leagues, pan-Islamist groups, and his satyagraha sabha

263
Q

C. Rajagopalachari’s Salt March (1930)

A

March from Trichinopoly to Vedaranniyam to break the salt law

264
Q

Annie Besant and Congress Presidency

A

First woman President of Indian National Congress - Presided over the 1917 Calcutta session

265
Q

Bengal Partition and Swadeshi Movement (1905)

A

British Government’s decision in December 1903 - Swadeshi and Boycott Movement in response to Bengal partition in 1905

266
Q

Lord Cornwallis and Permanent Settlement

A

Lord Cornwallis associated with Permanent Settlement system (1793)

267
Q

Madras Mahajansabha and India Association

A

Madras Mahajansabha (1884) by M.Viraghavachari, B.SubramaniyaAiyer, P. Ananda Charlu - India Association (1876) by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose

268
Q

Government of India Act 1919

A

Provided for dyarchy in provinces with transferred and reserved subjects

269
Q

Chronology: 2nd RTC, Quit India Movement, RIN Mutiny

A

Correct chronology: 2nd RTC (1931), Quit India movement (1942), RIN Mutiny (1946)

270
Q

Butler Committee (1927)

A

Examined the relationship between states and the Government

271
Q

Trade Disputes Act of April 1929

A

Imposed tribunals and tried to ban strikes for certain purposes

272
Q

Factory Act of 1881 and Middle Class Philanthropy

A

Lord Ripon introduced the Factory Act of 1881 - N.M. Lokhende’s philanthropic efforts in Bombay

273
Q

Lala Lajpat Rai and Writings on Mazzini, Garibaldi

A

Lala Lajpat Rai wrote biographies on Mazzini, Garibaldi, etc.

274
Q

Santhal Revolt and Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act

A

Santhal Revolt (1855-56) led to the creation of the Santhal Pargana - Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act (SPT) followed the revolt

275
Q

Champaran Satyagrah

A

Option (a) irrelevant to Champaran Satyagrah

276
Q

Gandhi and Home Rule League

A

Gandhi accepted the presidentship in 1920, changing it to ‘Swarajya Sabha’

277
Q

Swadeshi Movement (1906)

A

National Council of Education set up on August 15, 1906 - Establishment of swadeshi industries

278
Q

Gandhi and War Conference (1918)

A

Gandhi supported recruitment for the war at the War Conference

279
Q

P.C. Joshi and K.C. Neogy

A

P.C. Joshi was C.P.I. General Secretary - K.C. Neogy was a member of the Constituent Assembly from W.Bengal

280
Q

Ulgulan (1890s)

A

Ulgulan was associated with the Mundas of the Chota Nagpur Plateau

281
Q

Books ‘Desher Katha’ and ‘Deuskar’

A

‘Desher Katha’ based on the ideas of Naoroji and Digby - Deuskar opposed the partition of Bengal

282
Q

Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931)

A

Also known as Delhi Pact - Civil Disobedience Movement suspended in exchange for participation in the Round Table Conference (RTC) - Did not include an inquiry into police excesses

repeated themes (30 decks)

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