AM ONLYIAS - Sheet3 Flashcards
1,”Consider the following pairs: (2022) 1. Nannuka Chandela 2. Jayashakti Paramara 3. Nagabhata II Gurjara-Pratihara 4. Bhoja Rashtrakuta How many pairs given above are correctly matched?”,”(a) Only one pair (b) Only two pairs (c) Only three pairs (d) All four pairs”,2022
1,b,”Sub-Theme: Regional Dynasty; Pair 1 is correct: In the first quarter of the 9th century CE, the Chandella dynasty was founded by Nannuka Pair 2 is incorrect: Vakpati’s son’s Jayashakti (Jeja) and Vijayashakti (Vija) consolidated the Chandella power. Pair 3 is correct: Nagabhata II (reigned c. 793–833) was Vatsaraja’s successor, he reorganized Pratihara power, attacked Kannauj. Pair 4 is incorrect: Bhoja I/Mihir Bhoja (c.836−885 CE) Grandson of Nagabhatta II, who had a long reign of over 46 years and proved to be the most successful and popular ruler of Pratiharas.”
2,”Which of the following phrases defines the nature of the ‘Hundi’ generally referred to in the sources of the post-Harsha period? (2020)”,”(a) An advisory issued by the king to his subordinates (b) A diary to be maintained for daily accounts (c) A bill of exchange (d) An order from the feudal lord to his subordinates”,2020
2,c,”Sub-Theme: Medieval Terminology or keyword/Economic History of Medieval India; Correct answer is Option (c): Hundis are used as a form of remittance instrument to transfer money from place to place, as a form of credit instrument or IOU to borrow money and as a bill of exchange in trade transactions. Memorizing chronicles, dynastic histories and epic tales was the profession of different types of people, the sutas and the Magdhas, who were descendants of priest families of the Vedic period. Shramana means seeker, one who performs acts of austerity. Agraharika looked after the lands given in charity. Agrahara means grant given to Brahmins, it was perpetual, hereditary and tax free. Parivrajaka means “One who roams around”. The Sanskrit word parivrajaka means renunciant & wanderer in English. Only a few parivrajakas have ever existed in history. Ajita Keshkambalin, Makhkhali Goshala, Gauthama Buddha, and Vardhamana Mahavira are a few well-known examples.”
3,”With reference to the economic history of medieval India, the term ‘Araghatta’ refers to: (2016)”,”(a) bonded labour (b) land grant made to military officers (c) waterwheel used in the irrigation of land (d) wasteland converted to cultivated land”,2016
3,c,”Sub-Theme: Medieval Terminology or keyword/Economic History of Medieval India; Correct answer is Option (c): The ‘Persian Wheel’ has been referred to as Araghatta in ancient Sanskrit writings. The Persian wheel is a water lifting device used usually by draft animals, like bulls, buffaloes, or camels. Baburnama provides a comprehensive explanation and a picture of the Persian Wheel which was in use in the Punjab province. NOTE: In Our Past II, Pg 6 and 7 there is a discussion on the invention of the Persian wheel in irrigation, UPSC twisted the information and asked the question on Persian wheel. Also, do not confuse it with the ‘Agrahara system’. A ‘agrahara’ was a piece of land given to a Brahmana who was typically exempt from paying land revenue and other dues to the king and frequently granted the authority to collect these dues from the local people.”
4,”With reference to Indian history, which of the following is/are the essential element/elements of the feudal system? (2015) 1. A very strong centralized political authority and a very weak provincial or local political authority 2. The emergence of an administrative structure based on control and possession of the land 3. Creation of lord-vassal relationship between the feudal lord and his overlord Select the correct answer using the code given below. “,”(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 “,2015
4,b,”Sub-Theme: Feudalism in India; Statement 1 is incorrect: Feudalism, in its various forms, usually emerged as a result of the decentralization of an empire which lacked the bureaucratic infrastructure necessary to administer grand empires. In the medieval era, feudalism was the predominant socio-economic structure. In this feudal system, the nobility owned land from the Crown in return for military service, and vassals were tenants of the nobles. The peasants were required to reside on their lord’s land and to offer him homage, labor, and a share of the production in exchange for military protection Statement 2 is correct: An essential feature of Feudalism was the emergence of an administrative structure to maintain control and possession of land and effectively generate massive revenues from them. Statement 3 is correct: A person became a vassal by pledging political allegiance and providing military, political, and financial service to a lord.”
5,”With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: (2022) 1. The first Mongol invasion of India happened during the reign of Jalalud- din Khalji. 2. During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one Mongol assault marched up to Delhi and besieged the city. 3. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq temporarily lost portions of the north-west of his kingdom to Mongols. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? “,”(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only”,2022
5,b,”Sub-Theme: Delhi Sultanate and the Mongol Invasion; Statement 1 is incorrect: The first Mongol invasion of India took place in the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din Iltutmish. Statement 2 is correct: During the reign of Ala-ud-din Khalji, one of the Mongol invasions reached till the outskirts of Delhi city and besieged it. Alauddin established a huge permanent, standing army to satisfy his ambition of conquest and to protect the country from Mongol invasion. The Mongols attacked at the worst time possible for Alauddin Khilji– when he was busy laying siege to Chittor. Alauddin Khilji was forced to retreat to Siri for about two months. The Mongols attacked and pillaged not only the surrounding areas, but Delhi itself. Alauddin Khilji continued to hold the fortress at Siri; Targhi withdrew the siege after a few months and left the area. Statement 3 is incorrect: Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq defeated the Mongols and he had not lost any of the portions of his kingdom to them.”
6,”With reference to Indian history, who of the following were known as “Kulah-Daran”? (2022)”,”(a) Arab merchants (b) Qalandars (c) Persian calligraphists (d) Sayyids”,2022
6,d,”Sub-Theme: Sayyid Dynasty; Correct answer is Option (d): The sayyids put on a pointed cap (kulah) and they were known as ‘Kulah Daran’ during the Delhi sultanate. The Sayyids were claimed to descend from the Prophet through his daughter Fatima. They Commanded special respect in Muslim society. Even the Timur protected the life of Sayyids during his invasion in India. Although his policy was one of general slaughter.”
7,”Consider the following statements: (2021) 1. It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince. 2. It was during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq that Taimur occupied Multan and crossed the Indus. “,”(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 3 only (d) 2 and 3”,2021
7,a,”Sub-Theme: Foreign invaders/Foreign Travellers; Statement 1 is correct. In his pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince, Changez Khan arrived in India during the reign of Iltutmish. By denying shelter to Prince Jalaluddhin of Central Asia, Iltutmish protected India from Changez Khan’s fury. Statement 2 is incorrect. The period of Muhammad bin Tughlaq was from 1325 to 1351. Taimur invaded India during the reign of Nasurud-din Muhammad Shah(1394-1412), the last Tughlaq ruler. Statement 3 is incorrect. The reign of Devaraya II lasted from 1422 to 1426. He died in 1446. Vasco da Gama came to India in 1498.”
8,”Consider the following statements: (2019) 1. In the revenue administration of Delhi Sultanate, the in-charge of revenue collection was known as ‘Amil’. 2. The Iqta system of Sultans of Delhi was an ancient indigenous institution. 3. The office of ‘Mir Bakshi’ came into existence during the reign of Khalji Sultans of Delhi. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? “,”(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3”,2019
8,a,”Sub-Theme: Medieval Terminology or keyword/Medieval Administration; Statement 1 is correct: In the land revenue system of the Delhi Sultanate, the central government appointed amil to collect revenues in each subdivision called shiq. Statement 2 is incorrect: The Iqta system of land control was first introduced in the Delhi Sultanate by Iltutmish. The institution known by its Arabic name, iqta, had existed in the early Islamic world as a means of rewarding services to the state. In the administration of the Caliphate, it served as a means of funding operations and compensating civil and military leaders. It was not an ancient indigenous institution. Statement 3 is incorrect: The office of Mir Bakshi was established under the Mughal empire, who was head of the military department, nobility, information and intelligence agencies.”
9,”With reference to Indian history, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2021) 1. The Nizamat of Arcot emerged from Hyderabad State. 2. The Mysore Kingdom emerged from the Vijayanagara Empire. 3. Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani. Select the correct answer using the code given below: “,”(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only”,2021
9,b,”Sub-Theme: Political history of medieval India; Statement 1 is incorrect: The kingdom of Arcot, also known as the kingdom of Carnatic, was the monarchy that ruled over the majority of the eastern part of the present-day Tamil Nadu region throughout the eighteenth century. Statement 2 is correct: Under the Vijayanagar Empire, there was a small feudal kingdom called Mysore. The ruling Wodeyar dynasty declared their independence following the fall of Vijayanagar in 1565, and Raja Wodeyar ascended the throne in 1578. The capital moved from Mysore to Srirangapatna in 1610. Statement 3 is incorrect: Ali Muhammad Khan established Rohilakhand, a small kingdom, by taking advantage of the breakdown of authority in North India following Nadir Shah’s invasion.”
10,”Consider the following events in the history of India: (2020) 1. Rise of Pratiharas under King Bhoja 2. Establishment of Pallava power under Mahendravarman-I 3. Establishment of Chola power by Purantaka 4. Pala dynasty founded by Gopala What is the correct chronological order of the above events, starting from the earliest time? “,”(a) 2-1-4-3 (b) 3-1-4-2 (c) 2-4-1-3 (d) 3-4-1-2”,2020
10,c,”Sub-Theme: Chronology of Regional Dynasty of Medieval India; Correct chronology of given events are as follows: 2-4-1-3 King Dynasty Duration Founder Mahendravarman I Pallavas 660-630 CE Simha Vishnu Gopala Palas 750 CE Dharmapala King Bhoja Gurjara-pratiharas 836-885 CE Nagabhata I Parantaka I Cholas 907-953 CE Vijayalaya Nagabhatta I founded the Gurjara Pratihara dynasty in the Malwa region around the 8th century AD. The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty ruled a large area of Northern India from the mid-8th century to the 11th century. Mihir Bhoja (836–885 CE) was the greatest ruler of the Pratihara dynasty. The Pallavas were a powerful dynasty that ruled a large part of southern India between the 6th and 9th centuries AD, with Kanchipuram (now in Tamil Nadu) as their capital. The Pallavas achieved their pinnacle with Mahendravarman I’s rule (c. 600–630), who reigned alongside Harsha and Pulakeshin II. The Cholas rose to prominence in the 9th century and formed an empire that included most of South India; Tanjore served as their capital. The reign of the Chola king Parantaka, who succeeded his father Aditya I as king, lasted from 907-953 CE. The Pala Empire, which started in the Bengal region and ruled throughout the post-classical period (8th and 9th century AD), was an imperial power. The empire was officially established when Gopala was chosen to rule as Gauda’s emperor in 750 CE.”
11,”Which one of the following was a very important seaport in the Kakatiya kingdom? (2017)”,”(a) Kakinada (b) Motupalli (c) Machilipatnam (Masulipatnam) (d) Nelluru”,2017
11,b,”Sub-Theme: Kakatiya Kingdom; Option (a) is incorrect: Kakinada Deep Water Port was commissioned by the Government of AP in November 1997. Option (b) is correct: Motupalli was the chief port of the Kakatiyas and this port was visited by the Venetian traveller, Marco Polo. Option (c) is incorrect: Machilipatnam was the main port of Golconda Kingdom. Option (d) is incorrect: Nelluru (a port town) was part of Kakatiya kingdom in the 13th century. Later it changed hands between Kakatiya and Pandyas a few times until Prataprudra II defeated Pandyas. But this doesn’t seem to be as significant as Motupalli.”
12,”Consider the following pairs: (2015) Medieval Indian State : Present Region 1. Champaka : Central India 2. Durgara : Jammu 3. Kuluta : Malabar Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched? “,”(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only (c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only”,2015
12,b,”Sub-Theme: Past and Present name of Medieval Indian State; Correct answer is Option (b): The 9th century saw the rise of a number of hill states, some of which maintained their identity until recent years, despite their wars with each other and frequent raids from the plain areas. Medieval Indian state Present Region Champaka Chamba Durgara Jammu Kuluta Kullu Malwa Central India Kamarupa Assam Trigarta Jalandhar Utkala Odisha Twipra Tripura”
13,”In medieval India, the term “Fanam” referred to: (2022)”,”(a) Clothing (b) Coins (c) Ornaments (d) Weapons”,2022
13,d,”Sub-Theme: Socio-Economic Condition of Vijaynagar Empire; Correct answer is Option (d): The chief gold coin of the Vijayanagar Empire was the varaha or pagoda. The Perta was half a Varaha. Fanam was one tenth a perta. Tar was a silver coin. Jittal was a copper coin.”
14,”According to Portuguese writer Nuniz, the women in Vijayanagara Empire were experts in which of the following areas? (2021) 1. Wrestling 2. Astrology 3. Accounting 4. Soothsaying Select the correct answer using the code given below. “,”(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4”,2021
14,d,”Sub-Theme: Foreign Traveller/Vijaynagar Empire; Correct answer is Option (d): According to Fernao Nuniz: “he (the king of Vijaynagar) also has women who wrestle, do accounting and others who are astrologers and soothsayers. Fernao Nuniz was a Portuguese traveler who visited the Vijayanagar empire during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya. He has recorded that in Vijayanagara society, women typically held prominent positions, and there are numerous examples of them actively participating in the political, social, and literary life of the kingdom. In addition to receiving training in wrestling, using swords and shields, music, and other fine arts, some of these women also had some exposure to literature.”
15,”Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva, the ruler of Vijayanagar, consider the following statements: (2016) 1. The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the quality of the land. 2. Private owners of workshops paid an industry tax. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? “,”(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2”,2016
15,c,”Sub-Theme: Vijayanagar Economy; Statement 1 is correct: The tax rate was fixed between one-third and one-sixth depending on the quality of the land. In the reign of Krishna Deva, land revenue was the main source of income of the government. The government also assessed other taxes, such as the grazing tax, customs duty, gardening tax, and industrial taxes on the production of various goods. Statement 2 is correct: Commercial taxes consisting of levies, duties and customs on manufactured articles of trade were also levied. Private owners of workshops also paid an industry tax. In addition to the land tax, there were taxes levied on shopkeepers, farm workers, farm servants, laborers, posters, shoemakers, musicians, etc. Grazing and house taxes were also imposed.”
