Mnemonics and Main Memory Items | VOR, NDB, ILS, VDF, DME and RADAR

Question 1

The frequency range of a VOR receiver is:

Answer 1

108 – 117.95 MHz

Question 2

VOR errors:

NDB errors:

Answer 2

1. Site error, propagation error(multi-path error), Interference error.
2. Terrain/mountain effect(multi-path error), coastal refraction, night effect, static interference, station interference, quadrantal error and antenna effect.

Question 3

Mnemonic for VOR errors:

NDB:

Answer 3

SPI

SCANTSS

Question 4

The basic principle of operation of the VOR is by:

Answer 4

phase comparison between a 30 Hz reference signal and a 30 Hz variable signal

Question 5

The basic principle of operation of a standard VOR is by phase difference between a frequency modulated reference signal and an amplitude modulated variable signal.

And the doppler VOR?

Mnemonic to remember this?

Answer 5

A referee have a whistle that sound a high frequency - reference signal is frequency modulated.

Doppler VOR:

The variable signal is frequency modulated

The reference signal is amplitude modulated

Question 6

If VOR bearing information is used beyond the published protection range, errors could be caused by:

Answer 6

interference from other transmitters

Question 7

The rotational speed of the VOR antenna is what speed and what significance does it carry?

Answer 7

The antenna rotates at 30 revolutions per second. The rotation of the variable (directional) signal at a rate of 30 times per second gives it the characteristics of 30 Hz amplitude modulation.

Question 8

All markers transmit at ? MHz ? modulation. There is no interference problem as the radiation pattern is a narrow fan-shaped vertical beam

Answer 8

All markers transmit at 75 MHz amplitude modulation. There is no interference problem as the radiation pattern is a
narrow fan-shaped vertical beam

Question 9

The localizer coverage sector extends from the transmitter to distances of:

• __ NM (46.3 km) within plus or minus __° from the centre line.
• __ NM (31.5 km) between __° and __° from the centre line.
• __ NM (18.5 km) outside ± __° if coverage is provided

The glide path coverage extends from the transmitter to a distance of at least:

__ NM (18.5 km) in sectors of _° in azimuth on each side of the centre line

Answer 9

• 25 NM (46.3 km) within plus or minus 10° from the centre line.
• 17 NM (31.5 km) between 10° and 35° from the centre line.
• 10 NM (18.5 km) outside ± 35° if coverage is provided

10 NM (18.5 km) in sectors of 8° in azimuth on each side of the centre line

Question 10

The lobes are transmitted on a single VHF ILS frequency. In

order that an aircraft’s ILS receiver can distinguish between the lobes:

Answer 10

• the right hand lobe (the blue sector) has a 150 Hz modulation.
• the left hand lobe (the yellow sector) has a 90 Hz modulation.

Question 11

The glide slope UHF transmitter is located to one side of the runway approximately ? m from the runway edge, ? m upwind of the threshold.

Answer 11

The glide slope UHF transmitter is located to one side of the runway approximately 200 m from the runway edge, 300 m upwind of the threshold.

Question 12

Full scale deflection of the localiser on the HSI/CDI?

For the GS?

Answer 12

2. 5 degrees

0. 7

Question 13

Marker beacons:

Cockpit light, Ident, frequency, touchdown range:

1. OM
2. MM
3. IM

Answer 13

1. Blue, 2 dashes/sec, 400hz, 3.5 - 6nm
2. Yellow, alt dots and dashes 3/sec, 1300hz, 500ft - 3500ft.
3. White, 6 dots/sec, 3 000hz, 250 - 1500ft.

Question 14

Full Scale Deflection:

• Full scale deflection in RNAV ENR Mode =
• Full scale deflection in RNAV APP Mode =
• Full scale deflection for a VOR =
• Full scale deflection for a LLZ =
• Full scale deflection for a G/S =

Answer 14

Full Scale Deflection:

• Full scale deflection in RNAV ENR Mode = 5 NM
• Full scale deflection in RNAV APP Mode = 1.25 NM
• Full scale deflection for a VOR = 10°
• Full scale deflection for a LLZ = 2.5°
• Full scale deflection for a G/S = 0.7°

2-dot EFIS display:

• one dot in RNAV ENR = 2.5 NM (some questions only have 2NM as an option, but if 2.5NM is available, select 2.5NM)
• one dot in RNAV APP = 0.625 NM
• one dot in VOR = 5°
• one dot in ILS = 1.25° (LLZ)

Question 15

Weather radar:

The tilt setting should be ? when the aircraft climbs to a ? altitude

Mnemonic:

Answer 15

The tilt setting should be lower when the aircraft climbs to a higher altitude

You become low when you get high

Question 16

The frequency of an SSR ground transmission is:

Answer 16

1030 +/- 0.2MHz

Question 17

What type of beam is used by the weather radar in the weather mode?

What type of beam is used for ground mapping?

Define the MAN function?

Define the CONTOUR function?

What does the iso-echo display indicate?

Answer 17

Conical pencil beam

The cosecant beam(fan shaped)

Used for mapping in conjunction with tilt control. In this function the conical pencil weather beam is used, thus greater ranges are obtained than when using MAP

This position is used on monochrome displays to examine clouds in detail by the use of an iso-echo display.

Areas of large water drops, where severe turbulence can be expected. Clouds will appear to have black holes in them, these are the areas of strongest echoes and therefore the areas of extreme turbulence.

Question 18

Reflective levels of weather in order -

Answer 18

1. Wet hail
2. Rain
3. Ice crystals
4. Wet snow
5. Dry hail
6. Dry snow

Question 19

The weather radar tilt should be tilted up -

And down -

Mnemonic:

Answer 19

When the selected range increases or the altitude decreases

When the selected range decreases or when the altitude increases

If you are high you feel down(tilt down)

The range follows the tilt

Question 20

In CONT mode most severe turbulence are shown -

Answer 20

as black holes