Mnemonics and Main Memory Items | Holding, Turning and Other Procedures Flashcards
In relation to the three entry sectors, the entry into the holding pattern shall be according to:
Heading
Total time in the hold at FL140:
Above FL140:
4 minutes(1 per leg)
5 minutes(1.5 per leg)
The speed and time for Cat A aircraft at FL 140 in a hold:
170 knots 1 minutes legs
Related to the three entry sectors in a holding pattern, there is a zone of flexibility on either side of the sectors boundaries of:
5°
Maximum speeds:
Cat A and B reversal and racetrack procedures:
110 and 140 knots
Maximum Holding Speeds:
Up to 14 000ft(Cat A, B and C) normal and turbulent.
Normal Conditions:
A and B: 170
C: 230
Turbulent conditions:
A and B: 170
C: 280
All speeds IAS;
In an offset entry into an omnidirectional racetrack procedure, the time on the 30° offset track is limited to:
1 minute 30 seconds
Buffer area:
Extends ? beyond the ? of the holding area
Guarantees a minimum obstacle clearance over flat terrain of ? (According to ICAO: ? obstacle clearance to ? obstacle clearance at the ? of the buffer area)
Full MOC is maintained within the holding area and ? into the buffer area
The MOC is reduced in steps for each ? into the buffer area until the MOC is reduced to ? at the extremity of the buffer area
Buffer area:
Extends 5NM beyond the boundary of the holding area
Guarantees a minimum obstacle clearance over flat terrain of 984ft (According to ICAO: 984ft obstacle clearance to 197ft obstacle clearance at the edge of the buffer area)
Full MOC is maintained within the holding area and 1 nm into the buffer area
The MOC is reduced in steps for each nm into the buffer area until the MOC is reduced to zero at the extremity of the buffer area
Remember that within the buffer area, a minimum of 197 feet is provided. Once you leave the edge of the buffer area, no obstacle clearance is provided.
Holding area:
“Area outside Holding Pattern which also gives a clearance above all objects, starting at 1000 ft and reducing to 0 at the edge of the buffer area”
The minimum permissible holding level provides a clearance of at least 984 ft above obstacles in the holding area
ICAO: Has an additional ? of obstacle clearance over high terrain or in mountainous areas
Holding area:
“Area outside Holding Pattern which also gives a clearance above all objects, starting at 1000 ft and reducing to 0 at the edge of the buffer area”
The minimum permissible holding level provides a clearance of at least 984 ft above obstacles in the holding area
ICAO: Has an additional 1969 ft of obstacle clearance over high terrain or in mountainous areas
When using a DME arc to enter a holding pattern or racetrack procedure, an aircraft reaches the fix and
enters the holding pattern via the sector 1 or 3 entry procedure
Racetrack Procedure:
Offset entry from sector ? shall limit the time on the 30° offset track to ?, after which the pilot is expected to turn to a heading parallel to the outbound track for the remainder of the outbound time. If the outbound time is only ?, the time on the 30° offset track shall be ? also.
Parallel entry shall not return directly to the facility without first intercepting the inbound track when proceeding to the ? segment of the approach procedure.
All manoeuvring shall be done in so far as possible on the manoeuvring side of the inbound track.
Offset entry from sector 2 shall limit the time on the 30° offset track to 1 minute 30 seconds, after which the pilot is expected to turn to a heading parallel to the outbound track for the remainder of the outbound time. If the outbound time is only 1 minute, the time on the 30° offset track shall be 1 minute also.
Parallel entry shall not return directly to the facility without first intercepting the inbound track when proceeding to the final segment of the approach procedure.
Referring to flight procedures for racetrack and reversal procedures described in ICAO Doc 8168: When a pilot conducts an instrument approach using a racetrack procedure based on a radio beacon, the timing of the outbound leg starts
from abeam the facility or on attaining the outbound heading, whichever comes later
Outbound timing – racetrack procedure:
When the procedure is based on a facility, outbound timing starts from abeam the facility or on attaining the outbound heading, whichever comes later.
When the procedure is based on a fix, the outbound timing starts from attaining the outbound heading.
The turn on to the inbound track should be started within the specified time (adjusted for wind) or when encountering any DME distance or the radial / bearing specifying a limiting distance, whichever occurs first.
Outbound timing – racetrack procedure:
When the procedure is based on a facility, outbound timing starts from abeam the facility or on attaining the outbound heading, whichever comes later.
When the procedure is based on a fix, the outbound timing starts from attaining the outbound heading.
The turn on to the inbound track should be started within the specified time (adjusted for wind) or when encountering any DME distance or the radial / bearing specifying a limiting distance, whichever occurs first.
For CAT A & B:
The procedure turn itself + straight leg = 1 minute (15 seconds for the procedure turn and 45 seconds on the offset heading)
For CAT C, D & E:
The procedure turn itself + straight leg = 1 minute 15 seconds (15 seconds for the procedure turn and 1 minute on the offset heading)
For CAT A & B:
The procedure turn itself + straight leg = 1 minute (15 seconds for the procedure turn and 45 seconds on the offset heading)
For CAT C, D & E:
The procedure turn itself + straight leg = 1 minute 15 seconds (15 seconds for the procedure turn and 1 minute on the offset heading)
Where indicated a procedure turn approach can be requested when:
When approaching the facility within 30° of the outbound heading
