MMI133_Lecture7

Question 1

important things about fungi

Answer 1

nosocomial often (hospital acquired)
opportunitstic infections of immunocompromised

few are primary pathogens

Question 2

the fungi target

Answer 2

ergosterol

Question 3

cell walls of fungi are made of

Answer 3

chitin (stains with Ca binding agents, calcofluor white rapid ID of fungi)
ergosterol (in cell membrane (we have cholestrerol)

Question 4

most widely used antifungal drug

Answer 4

Amphotericin B

Question 5

3 types of fungi

Answer 5

Moulds
Yeasts
Thermally Dimorphi (mould when cold 20, Yeast when warm 37)

Question 6

thallus

Answer 6

body of mould fungus
masses of hyphae
white powdery layer on moldy fruit

Question 7

Yeasts

Answer 7

reproducing by budding
Pseudohyphae formed if buds fail to detach

Question 8

Candida albicans

Answer 8

may attach to epithelial cells as a yeast, but invades deeper tissues by means of pseudohyphae

Question 9

how do Candida albicans invade deeper tissues?

Answer 9

by pseudohyphae

Question 10

Saccharomyces

Answer 10

yeast
ethanol for wine
CO2 for leavening bread

nonpathogenic

Question 11

moulds are aerobic only whil

Answer 11

yeasts are capable of facultative anaerobic growth

Question 12

Thermally dimorphic fungi

Answer 12

grwoth as mould or yeast
pathogenic spp grow as moulds at lower temps, + yeasts at body tmep
dimorphism

Question 13

Cryptococcus neoformans

Answer 13

produce polysaccharide capsule

Question 14

Thermally dimorphic fungi’s dimorphism is

Answer 14

temperature dependent

Question 15

dimorphic fungi are

Answer 15

not infectious from one person to another

mould form is spread by spores in air

Question 16

Sorothrix

Answer 16

subcutaneous fungal infection
rose gardener’s disease
lymphangitis common

Question 17

lymphangitis

Answer 17

inflammation of walls of lymphatic vessels

Question 18

fungal reproduction thrugh

Answer 18

formation of spores/ conidia

Question 19

fungal nutrition

Answer 19

less demanding than bact
grow better than bact in extreme conditions
mostly aerobic 25-30 C

Question 20

Mycoses

Answer 20

plural of fungal diseases

Question 21

mycosis

Answer 21

singular of fungal diseases

Question 22

Types of mycoses from least to most severe

Answer 22

Superficial (least)
Cutaneous
Systemic (most)

Question 23

Superficial mycoses

Answer 23

fungal infection along surface of hair shafts + outer layer of skin

black + white piedra/hairs of scalp

Question 24

Cutaneous mycoses

Answer 24

deeper layers epidermis
athletes foot/ring worm

caused by dermatophytes
named by location of infection

Question 25

dermatophytes

Answer 25

pathogenic fungus that causes cutaneous mycoses, degrade + use keratin as C source/food

Question 26

Systemic mycoses

Answer 26

deep tissue/organ fungal infection

primary pathogens
- dimorphic fungi
- opportunistic pathogens (Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp)

Question 27

opportunisitc fungi

Answer 27

common in immunocompromised
Aspergillosis spp - debilitating lung diseases + immunocompromised

Question 28

Candidiasis

Answer 28

caused by Candida albicans

Question 29

Candida albicans

Answer 29

vulvo-vaginal candidiasis + thrush

connection to broad spectrum antibiotics

Candida albicans normal flora in gut + mouth

Question 30

Antiseptic

Answer 30

disinfectant used on the skin

Question 31

Aseptic technique

Answer 31

use of methods to exclude microorganisms

Question 32

Bactericidal

Answer 32

kills bacteria

Question 33

bacteriostatic

Answer 33

inhibits growth of bacteria, doesn’t kill

Question 34

disinfectant

Answer 34

chemical used to destroy many micro organisms + viruses

Question 35

Fungicide

Answer 35

kills fungi

Question 36

Pasteurization

Answer 36

breif heat treatment used to reduce #’s of organisms + to kill pathogenic organisms

Question 37

Sanitization

Answer 37

reduction of the # of organisms to a level that meets public health standards

Question 38

Sterilization

Answer 38

destruction of all forms of microorganisms, including spores

Question 39

viricide

Answer 39

inactivate viruses

Question 40

an example of a bactericidal chemical agent that can be used to sterilize is

Answer 40

glutaraldehyde

Question 41

positive pressure

Answer 41

air from corridor cannot get into room

Question 42

negative pressure

Answer 42

air from room cannot get into corridor

Question 43

physical means of controlling microbial growth

Answer 43

heat
filtration
cold
high pressure
desiccation/drying
osmotic pressure
radiation

Question 44

Sterilization is acheived by

Answer 44

hot air
or autoclaving - moist heat - tested with Bacillus stearothermophilus spores, kills C. botulinum spores

Question 45

most important consideration that determines the efficiency of sterilization is

Answer 45

whether or not the object to be sterilized is free of organic matter

Question 46

chemical means of controlling growth that do sterilize

Answer 46

halogens (Cl, iodine)
aldehydes (glutaraldehyde or cidex)
ethylene oxide (gas for gowns)
peroxygens (strong oxidizer)

Question 47

most used + useful disinfectants in everyday health care

Answer 47

halogens:
- iodine
- Chlorine

Question 48

alcohols

Answer 48

kill bact _ fungi, but not endospores + non-enveloped viruses
protein denaturation + disruption of lipid membranes
degerming skin
bad for wounds
70% ethanol
rubbing alcohol better than ethanol bec doesn’t evaporate so fast

Question 49

relative resistance of microorganisms to chemical agents from most to least susceptible

Answer 49

enveloped viruses
G+ bact
naked viruses
fungi
G- bact
vegetative protozoa
cysts of veg protozoa
mycobacteria
endospores
prions