MMI133_Lecture2 Flashcards by Julie Anderson

Neisseria meningitidis

1 cause of meningitis + sepsis

The cause of the 1999 Ed. outbreak

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meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

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itis

associated with inflammation

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meninges

coverings of brain + spinal cord
protect/enclose

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meningitis is usually cause by…

microbes infecting the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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CSF

cerebral spinal fluid

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3 components/layers of meninges

dura mater (outermost)

arachnoid (middle - space with CSF which cushions brain)

pia mater (innermost)

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which part of the meninges contains CSF?

the arachnoid cavity

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Neisseria meningitidis details

G-
diplococcus
capsul = important for disease
>12 serotypes of it, based on capsul carbohydrates (polysaccharides or sugars)
6 serotypes for most epidemics of world (A,B,C,W-135,X,Y)
B most common in developed nations
human only

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what are the 6 serotypes responsible for most epidemics in world?

A
B
C
W-135
X
Y

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Which serotype is most common in developed nations?

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Neisseria mengitidis transmission?

droplet
coughs, sneezes, saliva
1-2m

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Neisseria meningitidis virulence + pathogenicity

attaches to throat epithelial cells
invades bloodstream +/or CSF
contains endotoxin anchored in cell wall which causes inflammation
endotoxin = lipo-oligopolysaccharide has lipid A as part of molecule

endotoxin activates blood clotting, elads to disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage (petichiae + purpura) + shock

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where is endotoxin anchored in the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria?

cell wall
causes inflammation

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which part of the lipo-oligopolysaccharide is endotoxin?

Lipid A part of molec

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how do Neisseria meningitidis evade phagocytosis?

prsence of polysaccharide coating arnd outside of bacterial cell wall - the capsule

nicknames for Neisseria meningitidis

meningococcus (singular)
meningococci (pleural)

diseases the Neisseria meningitidis causes?

Meningococcal meningitis
- inflammation/infection of meninges

Meningococcal sepsis
- replication of bacteria in bloodstream

the disease mortality rate for Neisseria meningitidis is high if untreated, but…

90-95% chance survival if diagnosed early + treated early

symptoms of meningitis

headache
stiff neck
photosensitivity
nausea
sore throat
petichiae (small purple spots)
finally coma + death

symptoms of sepsis

fever
petichiae/purpura
shock
hemorrhage
DIC/internal organ meltdown
death

hemorrhage

escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessle especially when profuse

blood escaping circulatory system from damaged blood vessles/ leaking
internal or external

petichiae

small red/purple spot
caused by haemorrhage of capillaries

purpura

rash of purple spots on skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels

which are bigger, purpura or petechiae?

purpura

when do you administer antibiotics, before or after specimen culture?

directly after taking the culture specimens

what is empirical antibiotic treatment?

giving the best gues treatment before culture confirmation this is what we treat with right after taking culture specimens

3 types of meningitis vaccine

polysaccharide (antibodies made to capsule) conjugated (polysaccharide combined with protein, good for those who can't produce own antibodies, young/ immunocompromised) type B vaccine (based on proteins in cell wall, NOT capsule)

which serotype used to be most common in Sub-Saharan Africa until 2010?

which serogroups are now most common in Sub-Saharan Africa?

W,X,C

recent global outbreaks mortalities...

Nigeria - 8% Chad - 11% Burkina Faso - 14% African Meningitis Belt - (A) 6.2% African Meningitis Belt - (W-135) 9.6%

What was the outbreak fatality for Nigeria?

What was the outbreak fatality for Chad?

11%

What was the outbreak fatality for Burkina Faso?

14%

What was the outbreak fatality for African Meningitis Belt?

A - 6.2%

What was the outbreak fatality for African Meningitis Belt?

W-135 - 9.6%

important aspects for public health issues from Neisseria meningitidis?

rapid ID of disease rapid ID of human contacts prophylactic antibiotics vaccination of susceptible individuals health prevention information reportable disease

What are the different ways to get meningitis?

bacterial fungal protozoal viral lots of diff causes of meningitis