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MMI133 > MMI133_Lecture2 > Flashcards

MMI133_Lecture2 Flashcards

1
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

1 cause of meningitis + sepsis

The cause of the 1999 Ed. outbreak

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2
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

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3
Q

itis

A

associated with inflammation

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4
Q

meninges

A

coverings of brain + spinal cord
protect/enclose

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5
Q

meningitis is usually cause by…

A

microbes infecting the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

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6
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid

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7
Q

3 components/layers of meninges

A

dura mater (outermost)

arachnoid (middle - space with CSF which cushions brain)

pia mater (innermost)

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8
Q

which part of the meninges contains CSF?

A

the arachnoid cavity

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9
Q

Neisseria meningitidis details

A

G-
diplococcus
capsul = important for disease
>12 serotypes of it, based on capsul carbohydrates (polysaccharides or sugars)
6 serotypes for most epidemics of world (A,B,C,W-135,X,Y)
B most common in developed nations
human only

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10
Q

what are the 6 serotypes responsible for most epidemics in world?

A

A
B
C
W-135
X
Y

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11
Q

Which serotype is most common in developed nations?

A

B

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12
Q

Neisseria mengitidis transmission?

A

droplet
coughs, sneezes, saliva
1-2m

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13
Q

Neisseria meningitidis virulence + pathogenicity

A

attaches to throat epithelial cells
invades bloodstream +/or CSF
contains endotoxin anchored in cell wall which causes inflammation
endotoxin = lipo-oligopolysaccharide has lipid A as part of molecule

endotoxin activates blood clotting, elads to disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemorrhage (petichiae + purpura) + shock

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14
Q

where is endotoxin anchored in the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria?

A

cell wall
causes inflammation

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15
Q

which part of the lipo-oligopolysaccharide is endotoxin?

A

Lipid A part of molec

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16
Q

how do Neisseria meningitidis evade phagocytosis?

A

prsence of polysaccharide coating arnd outside of bacterial cell wall - the capsule

17
Q

nicknames for Neisseria meningitidis

A

meningococcus (singular)
meningococci (pleural)

18
Q

diseases the Neisseria meningitidis causes?

A

Meningococcal meningitis
- inflammation/infection of meninges

Meningococcal sepsis
- replication of bacteria in bloodstream

19
Q

the disease mortality rate for Neisseria meningitidis is high if untreated, but…

A

90-95% chance survival if diagnosed early + treated early

20
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A

headache
stiff neck
photosensitivity
nausea
sore throat
petichiae (small purple spots)
finally coma + death

21
Q

symptoms of sepsis

A

fever
petichiae/purpura
shock
hemorrhage
DIC/internal organ meltdown
death

22
Q

hemorrhage

A

escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessle especially when profuse

blood escaping circulatory system from damaged blood vessles/ leaking
internal or external

23
Q

petichiae

A

small red/purple spot
caused by haemorrhage of capillaries

24
Q

purpura

A

rash of purple spots on skin caused by internal bleeding from small blood vessels

25
Q

which are bigger, purpura or petechiae?

A

purpura

26
Q

when do you administer antibiotics, before or after specimen culture?

A

directly after taking the culture specimens

27
Q

what is empirical antibiotic treatment?

A

giving the best gues treatment before culture confirmation

this is what we treat with right after taking culture specimens

28
Q

3 types of meningitis vaccine

A

polysaccharide (antibodies made to capsule)

conjugated (polysaccharide combined with protein, good for those who can’t produce own antibodies, young/ immunocompromised)

type B vaccine (based on proteins in cell wall, NOT capsule)

29
Q

which serotype used to be most common in Sub-Saharan Africa until 2010?

A

A

30
Q

which serogroups are now most common in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

W,X,C

31
Q

recent global outbreaks mortalities…

A

Nigeria - 8%
Chad - 11%
Burkina Faso - 14%
African Meningitis Belt - (A) 6.2%
African Meningitis Belt - (W-135) 9.6%

32
Q

What was the outbreak fatality for Nigeria?

A

8%

33
Q

What was the outbreak fatality for Chad?

A

11%

34
Q

What was the outbreak fatality for Burkina Faso?

A

14%

35
Q

What was the outbreak fatality for African Meningitis Belt?

A

A - 6.2%

36
Q

What was the outbreak fatality for African Meningitis Belt?

A

W-135 - 9.6%

37
Q

important aspects for public health issues from Neisseria meningitidis?

A

rapid ID of disease
rapid ID of human contacts
prophylactic antibiotics
vaccination of susceptible individuals
health prevention information
reportable disease

38
Q

What are the different ways to get meningitis?

A

bacterial
fungal
protozoal
viral

lots of diff causes of meningitis

MMI133 (16 decks)

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