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MMI133 > MMI133_Lecture4 > Flashcards

MMI133_Lecture4 Flashcards

1
Q

endotoxin

A

lipid A in LPS

part of cell structure
lipid molec (fat)
released from cell when dies/disintegrates

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2
Q

exotoxin

A

protein
produced by bact cell
ribosomes synthesize
released from cells in many ways

enterotoxin, neurotoxin, cytotoxin

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3
Q

enterotoxin

A

toxin affecting intestines

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4
Q

neurotoxin

A

toxin affecting nervous system

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5
Q

cytotoxin

A

toxin affecting cells of many types

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6
Q

metabolism

A

sum total of all chemical reactions in an organism

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7
Q

catabolic reactions release

A

energy

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8
Q

anabolic reactions store

A

energy (ATP)

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9
Q

why don’t chemical reactions want a very high temp?

A

bec too high and proteins in cells will be denatured

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10
Q

enzymes

A

large protein molecs
catalysts
speed up chem reactions
substrate specific
“ase”
recyclable

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11
Q

cellular controls that can affect enzyme function

A

temp
pH
saturation
salt conc
inhibitors - mercury + silver

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12
Q

what do most microbes use as their #1 source for energy production?

A

carbohydrates

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13
Q

what is the most common nutrient source

A

glucose

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14
Q

what are the 2 processes that use glucose?

A

cellular respiration (aerobic + anaerobic)

fermentation

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15
Q

what needs to be produced to run cell processes?

A

ATP/energy

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16
Q

aerobic respiration

A

38ATP/1glucose
produce most

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17
Q

obligate aerobes are…

A

bacteria that need oxygen in order to grow

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18
Q

obligate anaerobes are…

A

bacteria that cannot grow in presence of oxygen

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19
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

2-4ATP/glucose
slower
less ATP

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20
Q

what are 2 energy sources other than glucose?

A

lipids (fat)
proteins

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21
Q

lipids are broken down by

A

lipases

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22
Q

proteins are broken down by

A

proteases

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23
Q

3 types of factors affecting bacterial growth

A

physical
chemical
environmental

24
Q

physical factors affecting bact growth

A

temp
ph
osmotic pressure
gas

25
Q

chemical factors affecting bact growth

A

metals, nut/s

26
Q

environmental factors affecting bact growth

A

intracellular growth

27
Q

psychrotrophs

A

20-30 C

Listeria

28
Q

mesophiles

A

25-45 C

most pathogens

29
Q

which 2 temp types of bact cause disease in humans?

A

psychrotrophs (20-30C)
mesophiles (25-45C)

30
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

facultatively anaerobic
wide temp range
wide pH range
high NaCl conc
G+ bacillus
psychrotorph

31
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

soil likely natural reservoir
animal intestine thru feed

hardy: low temps, high acidity, high salt conc

32
Q

Listeria monocytogenes cuases disease in…

A

animals + humans

33
Q

Listeria monocytogenes disease in animals

A

CNS infections - circling disease
septic abortion

34
Q

Listeria monocytogenes disease in humans

A

food borne disease
CNS infections/death
abortion

35
Q

how do you get Listeria monocytogenes?

A

ingestion of contaminated food

invasion of bacteria thru gastric epithelial cells (rearrangement of actin propels bacteria from 1 cell thru next cell membrane into another cell like a rocket) (gene ActA codes for this protein - an invasin)

36
Q

after bacteria grow inside macrophages, how do Listeria monocytogenes destroy the phagolysosome?

A

with listerolysin

37
Q

Listeria monocytogenes displays…

A

intracellular + extracellular growth

38
Q

who is at risk of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

elderly + immunocompromised

pregnant women - influenza like bacteremic illness that can result in abortion/stillbirth

39
Q

transmission of Listeria monocytogenes

A

fecal-oral

-coleslaw
soft unpasteurized cheese
turkey wieners, cold cuts
mushrooms + prepackaged salad
milk

40
Q

if proteins at too high or low pH?

A

denaturation + unraveling

41
Q

isotonic solution

A

solution conc outside = conc inside cell

0.85% NaCl
just right

42
Q

hypotonic solution

A

lower conc of solution outside cell
water moves into cell
cell burst

43
Q

hypertonic solution

A

higher conc solution outside cell
water moves out of cell
cell shrinks

plasmolysis

44
Q

obligate halophiles need…

A

high salt conc

they are not human pathogens

45
Q

generation time

A

variable betw diff bacteria

time for 1 bacterium to divide into 2
dependent on media + growth conditions

aerobic usually faster than anaerobic

46
Q

the most effective time to use antibiotics is during…

A

the log or exponential growth phase

47
Q

what % of human infections involve biofilms?

A

85%

48
Q

what is a biofilm?

A

a community of bacteria

antibiotics ineffective

49
Q

agar

A

growth media of algae with added nut.s for growing bacteria in-lab

50
Q

what type of media is often used for growing most human pathogens?

A

complex

51
Q

what type of blood and why is used for culturing human pathogen bacteria?

A

sheep blood
bec doesn’t have antibodies

52
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of blood cells in agar plates
used for presumptive bacterial ID of Streptococcus spp

53
Q

Alpha

A

partial breakdown of rbc (greening) arnd + under bacteria colony

54
Q

Beta

A

total breakdown (clearing) of rbc around + under bacteria colony

55
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of rbc’s

56
Q

what is id’d with hemolysis?

A

Streptococcus spp

MMI133 (16 decks)

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