MMI133_Lecture1

Question 1

5 major categories of microbiology

Answer 1

bacteriology (study of bacteria)
virology (study of viruses)
mycology (study of fungi + yeast)
parasitology (study of protozoa/singlecelled + metazoa/multicelled)
immunology (study of immunity/resistance to infection

Question 2

5 major categories of microbiology simple

Answer 2

bacteriology
virology
mycology
parasitology
immunology

Question 3

bacteriology is…

Answer 3

the study of bacteria

Question 4

virology is…

Answer 4

study of viruses

Question 5

mycology is…

Answer 5

study of fungi + yeast

Question 6

parasitology is…

Answer 6

study of protozoa + metazoa

Question 7

immunology is…

Answer 7

study of immunity/resistance to infection

Question 8

2 important types of bacteria

Answer 8

gram negative (pink)
gram positive (purple)

Question 9

what are in Eukarya?

Answer 9

fungi, animals + humans, amoeba

Question 10

list the organisms from smallest to largest

Answer 10

prion
virus
bacteria
fungi
parasites
mammals

Question 11

a healthy adult has how many bacteria in gut?

Answer 11

10 trillion
same # as body cells

Question 12

what do bacteria do?

Answer 12

help bread down sugars/glycans in milk into sugar the body can dissolve

produce vit K + B12

protect against disease producing bacteria

etc

Question 13

what do antibiotics do?

Answer 13

can cause an imbalance in bacterial flora in the body

Question 14

why are immunocompromised people at higher risk for infection?

Answer 14

bec don’t have good immune system to keep things balanced

Question 15

Details of E. coli

Answer 15

Escherichia coli

subsp:
EHEC (O157:H7)

Question 16

subspp of E. coli

Answer 16

EHEC (O157:H7)

Question 17

bacterial shapes

Answer 17

cocci (round)
bacilli (oval/oblong/mike-enikes)
spiral bacteria (spiral/twisty)

Question 18

cocci/round bacterial shapes

Answer 18

staphylo- (cluster of round grapes)

strepto- (chain of balls)

diplo- (2 round balls)

Question 19

bacilli bacterial shapes

Answer 19

bacilli = mike en ikes

diplo (2 mike an ikes)

strepto (chain of mike en ikes)

cocco (oval, not mike en ikes)

Question 20

spiral bacteria shapes

Answer 20

vibrio (bean/C shape)

spirillum (short, loose squiggle)

spirochaete (intestine, tight, torturous meander

Question 21

info on Gram’s stain

Answer 21

still major diagnostic test for id disease causing bacteria

based on cell wall structure/amount of peptidoglycan (structural mesh) of bacterial cell wall

Question 21

if bacteria are the same shape we use ___ for id

Answer 21

gram stain (divides most into 2 groups)
acid fast stain (only mycobacterium ie TB)

Question 22

we id bacteria by…

Answer 22

shape and Gram staining
+ acid fast stain

Question 23

steps of G staining

Answer 23

1. make slide + fix sample to slide
2. crystal violet/primary stain
3. wash off stain
   4.add iodine/mordant
   5.wash off iodine
4. decolourize with acetone/alcohol
5. add counterstain/safranin
   8.wash off safranin/ dry

Question 24

peptidoglycan?

Answer 24

major component of G+ cell walls repeating units of disaccharide attatched by polypeptides form lattice structure/3D mesh in cell walls. G+ have many layers G- have 1 thin layer

Question 25

G+ have...

Answer 25

many layers of peptidoglycan, which keep in crystal violet, stain purple peptidoglycan is compressed

Question 26

G- have...

Answer 26

1 thin layer of peptidoglycan allows stain to leave cells, so need to safranin/counter stain needed to turn pink attached to outer membrane with lipoprotein

Question 27

gram staining sumary steps

Answer 27

crystal violet (primary stain) iodine (mordant) aceton/alcohol wash safranin (counterstain)

Question 28

prokaryote means...

Answer 28

before nucleus