MMI133_Lecture6

Question 1

3 types of Parasites

Answer 1

protozoa
metaoa
extoparasites

Question 2

protozoa

Answer 2

one-celled eukaryotes

Question 3

metazoa

Answer 3

multicellular animals (Helminths) round worms

Question 4

forms of Protozoa

Answer 4

cyst
trophozoite
oocyst

Question 4

Ectoparasites

Answer 4

free living bugs
tapeworms

Question 5

cyst

Answer 5

form of a protozoa with a tough protective layer outside of cytoplasmic membrane

protects form inhospitable environments

Question 6

trophozoite

Answer 6

growing form in many protozoa spp
no cyst wall just cytoplasmic membrane

Question 7

oocyst

Answer 7

cyst for in protozoa for some types of bacteria
diarrhea

Question 8

protozoans to know

Answer 8

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Acanthamoeba
Cryptosporidium
Toxoplasma gondii
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Plasmodium

Question 9

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 9

amoebic dysentry (bloody diarrhea)
eats RBC’s, flask-shaped ulcer formation in intestines

trophozoite + cyst forms
cysts high Cl resistance

Question 10

Giardia lamblia

Answer 10

beaver fever
flagellate
flatulence, intestinal upsets, nausea, abdominal cramps diarrhea

cyst + trophozoite
cysts high Cl resistance

Question 11

Trichomonas vaginalis (Trich)

Answer 11

person to person sexual infection
no cyst stage
in vagina + male urethra
intense itching,
person-person transmission

Question 12

Acanthamoeba spp

Answer 12

cyst present in all dust
contact wearers
in eyes
cyste + trophozoite stages

Question 13

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 13

cows, rats, dogs, cats - to people
chronic diarrhea - serious no matter who you are
need ZN stain

oocysts high Cl resistance
no good treatment

Question 14

Toxoplasma gondii

Answer 14

cat life cycle
cat feces ingested

undercooked meat + contact with cat feces

serious for fetus in pregnant women (especially first trimester)

Question 15

Trypanosoma

Answer 15

blood parasites, bug vectored

1 Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense (african sleeping sickness)
2 Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease + kissing bug)

Question 16

Trypanosoma cruzi is caused by…

Answer 16

reduviid bug/kissing bug

Question 17

Leishmania spp

Answer 17

sandflies
live + develop in macrophages/immune cells

Question 18

Plasmodium spp

Answer 18

malaria
no vaccine
4 main types

most dangerous type: Plasmodium falciparum
mosquito carries sporozoite in saliva which enters bloodstream+ liver

Question 19

Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Answer 19

fever + chills
virulence factor protein PfEMP1

cerebral malaria (clumping + occlusion of blood vessels)
anemia
kidney failure

Question 20

only sure fire way to stop Plasmodium falciparum malaria

Answer 20

bed net soaked in pesticide

Question 21

all types of Plasmodium malaria are transmitted by

Answer 21

Anopheles mosquitoes
night biters

Question 22

Metazoa

Answer 22

worms

Question 23

3 types of Metazoa/worms

Answer 23

Nematodes
Trematodes
Cestodes

Question 24

Nematodes

Answer 24

roundworms with complete digestive system, mouth, intestine + anus 2 infecious stages: 1. egg infective stage 2. larva infective stage

Question 25

Enterobius vermicularis

Answer 25

pinworm

Question 26

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Answer 26

egg infecious stage produce glue to stick eggs to anus at night daycare issues/very infectious egg contact + ingestion via stirred up dust

Question 27

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 27

large round worm 30cm small I of pigs, cows, horses eggs in soil egg infecious stage dioecious eggs hatch, larvae - lungs - trachea - nose (children) crawl out or swallowed by adults

Question 28

Hookworms

Answer 28

larvae infection stages skin + bare feet infection, warm climates lymph + circulatory system lungs - coughed up + swallowed suck blood - cause anemia

Question 29

Anisakis

Answer 29

sushi issues fish nematodes - accidental human infection prevent by cleaning/evisceration of fish right after catch or heat or freeze

Question 30

Trichinella spiralis

Answer 30

ingestion of undercooked pork, bear, boar, walrus striated muscle fibers muscle weakness result hard to treat

Question 31

blood nematodes

Answer 31

filaria

Question 32

main filarial/blood nematode infections are:

Answer 32

lymphatic filariasis onchocerciasis

Question 33

lymphatic filariasis

Answer 33

elephantiasis adult worms live in lymph tissue limbs get huge

Question 34

onchocerciasis

Answer 34

river blindness adult worms live in subcutaneous tissue

Question 35

microfilariae

Answer 35

offsrpign of adult worms circulate thru bloodstream or mirgrate thru subcutanous tissue (nematodes)

Question 36

arthropodes that carry pathogenic microorganisms are called

Answer 36

vectors

Question 37

the vector for Plasmodium/malaria is

Answer 37

Anopheles mosquitos

Question 38

Trematodes

Answer 38

flukes/leaf-shaped

Question 39

What are Schistosoma's

Answer 39

trematodes penetrate intact skin from fresh-water ponds

Question 40

3 types of Schistosoma

Answer 40

Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma mansoni

Question 41

Schistosoma haematobium

Answer 41

bladder cancer africa + middle east

Question 42

Schistosoma japonicum

Answer 42

intestinal parasite far east

Question 43

Schistosoma mansoni

Answer 43

intestinal parasite african S.A., Caribbean

Question 44

Swimmer's itch is caused by

Answer 44

a duck schisosome super itchy rash doesn't enter human circulation ends after a week

Question 45

Cestodes

Answer 45

tapeworms

Question 46

cestodes/tapeworms

Answer 46

intestinal parasites aquired by eating inadequately cooked contaminated beef, pork or fish

Question 47

2 types of disease cause by tapeworms/cestodes

Answer 47

intestinal infection (mild) deep tissue infection (serious) (can get to brain)

Question 48

Taenia saginata

Answer 48

beef tapeworm mild

Question 49

Taenia solium

Answer 49

pork tapeworm more dangerous cerebral cysts person-person transmisison possible egg or larvae transmission

Question 50

Echinococcus granulosus

Answer 50

dog tapeworm humans are dead end just a sac/cyst with tons of worm parts, cannot form whole tapeworm in humans

Question 51

Ectoparasites

Answer 51

live on skin, don't enter deep tissues cause secondary infections due to scratching louse + scabies

Question 52

Scabies

Answer 52

mites burrow into skin, live 30 days, intense itching secondary infections with skin bact

Question 53

bed bugs

Answer 53

everywhere super itchy

Question 54

pubic lice or "crabs" Phthirus pubis + head lice (Pediculus humanus)

Answer 54

surface dwellers suck blood females glue eggs to hair shafts secondary infections if lice feces crushed into wounds