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MMI133 > MMI133_Lecture6 > Flashcards

MMI133_Lecture6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of Parasites

A

protozoa
metaoa
extoparasites

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2
Q

protozoa

A

one-celled eukaryotes

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3
Q

metazoa

A

multicellular animals (Helminths) round worms

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4
Q

forms of Protozoa

A

cyst
trophozoite
oocyst

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4
Q

Ectoparasites

A

free living bugs
tapeworms

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5
Q

cyst

A

form of a protozoa with a tough protective layer outside of cytoplasmic membrane

protects form inhospitable environments

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6
Q

trophozoite

A

growing form in many protozoa spp
no cyst wall just cytoplasmic membrane

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7
Q

oocyst

A

cyst for in protozoa for some types of bacteria
diarrhea

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8
Q

protozoans to know

A

Entamoeba histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis
Acanthamoeba
Cryptosporidium
Toxoplasma gondii
Trypanosoma
Leishmania
Plasmodium

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9
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

amoebic dysentry (bloody diarrhea)
eats RBC’s, flask-shaped ulcer formation in intestines

trophozoite + cyst forms
cysts high Cl resistance

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10
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

beaver fever
flagellate
flatulence, intestinal upsets, nausea, abdominal cramps diarrhea

cyst + trophozoite
cysts high Cl resistance

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis (Trich)

A

person to person sexual infection
no cyst stage
in vagina + male urethra
intense itching,
person-person transmission

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12
Q

Acanthamoeba spp

A

cyst present in all dust
contact wearers
in eyes
cyste + trophozoite stages

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13
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

cows, rats, dogs, cats - to people
chronic diarrhea - serious no matter who you are
need ZN stain

oocysts high Cl resistance
no good treatment

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14
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

cat life cycle
cat feces ingested

undercooked meat + contact with cat feces

serious for fetus in pregnant women (especially first trimester)

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15
Q

Trypanosoma

A

blood parasites, bug vectored

1 Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense (african sleeping sickness)
2 Trypanosoma cruzi (chaga’s disease + kissing bug)

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16
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi is caused by…

A

reduviid bug/kissing bug

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17
Q

Leishmania spp

A

sandflies
live + develop in macrophages/immune cells

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18
Q

Plasmodium spp

A

malaria
no vaccine
4 main types

most dangerous type: Plasmodium falciparum
mosquito carries sporozoite in saliva which enters bloodstream+ liver

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19
Q

Plasmodium falciparum malaria

A

fever + chills
virulence factor protein PfEMP1

cerebral malaria (clumping + occlusion of blood vessels)
anemia
kidney failure

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20
Q

only sure fire way to stop Plasmodium falciparum malaria

A

bed net soaked in pesticide

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21
Q

all types of Plasmodium malaria are transmitted by

A

Anopheles mosquitoes
night biters

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22
Q

Metazoa

A

worms

23
Q

3 types of Metazoa/worms

A

Nematodes
Trematodes
Cestodes

24
Q

Nematodes

A

roundworms with complete digestive system, mouth, intestine + anus

2 infecious stages:

  1. egg infective stage
  2. larva infective stage
25
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

pinworm

26
Q

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

A

egg infecious stage
produce glue to stick eggs to anus at night
daycare issues/very infectious
egg contact + ingestion via stirred up dust

27
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

large round worm 30cm
small I of pigs, cows, horses
eggs in soil
egg infecious stage
dioecious

eggs hatch, larvae - lungs - trachea - nose (children) crawl out or swallowed by adults

28
Q

Hookworms

A

larvae infection stages
skin + bare feet infection, warm climates

lymph + circulatory system
lungs - coughed up + swallowed
suck blood - cause anemia

29
Q

Anisakis

A

sushi issues
fish nematodes - accidental human infection

prevent by cleaning/evisceration of fish right after catch
or heat or freeze

30
Q

Trichinella spiralis

A

ingestion of undercooked pork, bear, boar, walrus
striated muscle fibers
muscle weakness result
hard to treat

31
Q

blood nematodes

A

filaria

32
Q

main filarial/blood nematode infections are:

A

lymphatic filariasis
onchocerciasis

33
Q

lymphatic filariasis

A

elephantiasis
adult worms live in lymph tissue
limbs get huge

34
Q

onchocerciasis

A

river blindness
adult worms live in subcutaneous tissue

35
Q

microfilariae

A

offsrpign of adult worms
circulate thru bloodstream or mirgrate thru subcutanous tissue (nematodes)

36
Q

arthropodes that carry pathogenic microorganisms are called

A

vectors

37
Q

the vector for Plasmodium/malaria is

A

Anopheles mosquitos

38
Q

Trematodes

A

flukes/leaf-shaped

39
Q

What are Schistosoma’s

A

trematodes
penetrate intact skin from fresh-water ponds

40
Q

3 types of Schistosoma

A

Schistosoma haematobium

Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosoma mansoni

41
Q

Schistosoma haematobium

A

bladder cancer
africa + middle east

42
Q

Schistosoma japonicum

A

intestinal parasite
far east

43
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A

intestinal parasite
african S.A., Caribbean

44
Q

Swimmer’s itch is caused by

A

a duck schisosome
super itchy rash
doesn’t enter human circulation
ends after a week

45
Q

Cestodes

A

tapeworms

46
Q

cestodes/tapeworms

A

intestinal parasites

aquired by eating inadequately cooked contaminated beef, pork or fish

47
Q

2 types of disease cause by tapeworms/cestodes

A

intestinal infection (mild)

deep tissue infection (serious) (can get to brain)

48
Q

Taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm

mild

49
Q

Taenia solium

A

pork tapeworm

more dangerous
cerebral cysts
person-person transmisison possible

egg or larvae transmission

50
Q

Echinococcus granulosus

A

dog tapeworm
humans are dead end
just a sac/cyst with tons of worm parts,

cannot form whole tapeworm in humans

51
Q

Ectoparasites

A

live on skin, don’t enter deep tissues
cause secondary infections due to scratching

louse + scabies

52
Q

Scabies

A

mites burrow into skin, live 30 days, intense itching

secondary infections with skin bact

53
Q

bed bugs

A

everywhere
super itchy

54
Q

pubic lice or “crabs” Phthirus pubis + head lice (Pediculus humanus)

A

surface dwellers
suck blood
females glue eggs to hair shafts
secondary infections if lice feces crushed into wounds

MMI133 (16 decks)

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