mitral stenosis

Question 1

what is mitral stenosis?

Answer 1

mitral stenosis describes the obstruction of blood flow across the mitral valve from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

Question 2

causes of mitral stenosis

Answer 2

rheumatic fever
mucopolysaccharidoses
carcinoid
endocardial fibrolastosis

Question 3

features of mitral stenosis

Answer 3

mid-late diastolic murmur 
loud S1, opening snap 
low volume pressure 
malar flush 
atrial fibrillation

Question 4

features of severe MS

Answer 4

length of murmur increases

opening snap becomes closer to S2

Question 5

chest x-ray with Ms

Answer 5

left atrial enlargement may be seen

Question 6

patients with atrial fibrillation with Ms

Answer 6

require anticoagulation - currently warfarin is still recommended

Question 7

management of asymptomatic patients with MS

Answer 7

monitored with regular echocardiograms

percutaneous/surgical management is generally not recommended.

Question 8

management 0f symptomatic patents with Ms

Answer 8

percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy

mitral valve surgery