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Multisystem 1 > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

incidence equation

in 2 x 2, will be

A

new cases
pop at risk

a/a+b

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2
Q

attributable risk equaiton

A

incidence exposed - incidence unexposed

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3
Q

proportion attributbale risk eq

A

attributable risk

incidence exposed

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4
Q

easy to perform, doesnt compare outcomes
starts w populatin w

type of study

A

case series

dz

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5
Q

___ is timely/inexpensive
ideal for __ cx

some ____ bias
__ and __ bias
no ___

A

case control
rare

selection
recall/interviewer
follow up

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6
Q

__ is observational
provides ___
best study for ___

often have __ bias
factors may be ___
__ bias

A

cohort study
attributable risk
diagnosis

selection
poorly monitored
surveillance

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7
Q

___ is most reliable design
equal distribution of __
minimizes ___

__ detects a true difference
type 1 error is __
type 2 error is ___

A

RCT
risk factors
bias

power
falsepos
false neg

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8
Q

___ is for generalizability
increases ___
evalautes ___ evidence

problems w ___/__ bias

A

systematic review
precison
all

heterogeneity, publusher

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9
Q

-1 to -.7 is __ correkation
-.7-.4 is ___ correlation
.4-.2 is ___ correlation

.2 - .4 is ___
.4-.7 is ___ correlation
.7-1 is ___ correlation

A

strong neg
mod neg
weak neg

weak pos
mod pos
strong pos

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10
Q

an effect of one factor confused/distorted by effect of second factor is ___

look for significant __ bw groups

A

confounding

difference

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11
Q

data collection methods results in more complete acquistion in one group ccompared to the other is

A

interviewer bias

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12
Q

screening identifies an illness that WOULD NOT HAVE SHOWN CLINICAL SIGNS before pt death

looks like reduced ___, but more people being ___

A

overdiagnosis bias

mortality
dx

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13
Q

published literature is unrepresentative of completed studies

A

publication bias

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14
Q

cases/controls remember exposure/RF differently

occurs in __ and __ studies

A

recall bias

case control, retrospective

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15
Q

choice of pt introduces systemic difference between groups

occurs in __ study

A

selection bias

obersvational

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16
Q

odds ratio eq in 2x2

relative risk eq in 2x2

A

a/b / c/d

a/a+b / c/c+d

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17
Q

NNT eq

A

1/ARR

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18
Q

Average risk reduction equation

A

incidence in control - incidence in exposed

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19
Q

relative risk reduction eq

A

CER-EER

CER

20
Q

PPV eq

NPV eq

A

TP/TP+FP

TN/TN+FN

21
Q

Sensitivity eq

specificity eq

A

TP/TP+FN

TN/TN+FP

22
Q

method to dec confounding

A

subgroup analysis

23
Q

range of values that marks precision of point estimate

determines ___

does not include value reflecting ____

absolute risk difference of __

risk ratio of ___

A

confidence interval

statistical significance

no effect

0

1

24
Q

Phase 1 trial

___ volunteers

measures S/S/D

A

healthy

safety, SE, delivery

25
Q

Phase 2 trial

participants are ___

comparison to __/__

outcomes __/___

A

affected pt

none/placebo

efficacy/dosing

26
Q

phase 3 trial

includes ___

compares to __/__

outcomes for long terrm ___ or ___

A

affected pt

placebo/standard tx

follow up, SE

27
Q

phase 4

includes ___

compares to ____

outcomes: long term __, E, G

drug is already ____

A

affected pt

standard tx

safety, efficacy, generalizability

FDA approved

28
Q

Do not perform interventions that harm but do not benefit

principle?

A

nonmaleficence

29
Q

act in patients interest

benefit of intervention outweighs risk

principle?

A

beneficence

30
Q

respect for individual

pt has right to decide

principle?

A

autonomy

31
Q

treat all pt fairly

pt loses right to decide if it ___

principle?

A

justice

harms others

32
Q

Informed consent

pt must __ pertinent info
describe P/R/B/A
should be ___

Exceptions: implied in __
pt lacks ___

inconsistent w __/__
clouded by __ or __ or __
choices __ often

minors: parent __ obtained
adolescent ____

A

understand
procedure, risks, benefits, alternatives
consistent

emegency
decision making capacity

values/past
mood disorder, delusion, hallucination
vary

consent
assent

33
Q

competent pt has right to __, even w ___

__/__ does not overrule

A

own decisions, advance directives

POA/family

34
Q

__ always unacceptable

A

euthanasia

35
Q

__ w intent to relieve pain/suffering

tx is acceptable even if __

A

terminal sedation

shortens life

36
Q

futile care means not __ to do anything tha does not ___

A

obligated, benefit pt

37
Q

HIPAA
pt owns ____
must allow ___

exception
potential to harm __
High likelihood of harming __

A

HCI
release

others
self

38
Q

duty to warn

reportable dz like __/__/__

inform ___

___ abuse

__ abuse

A

STI/TB/hepatitis

potential victims

child

elder

39
Q

Adolescent consent determined by ___

all states permit __ and __

most states permit ___ and ___

A

state

STI tx/dx

contraception/pregnancy services

40
Q

elements of informed consent

C/D/U/V

exceptions
severe __
P
children under __

A

competence
disclosure
understanding
voluntariness

infections
prisoner
18

41
Q

always use __ w cohort

always use __ w case control

A

risk

odds ratio

42
Q

differences of study pops in systematic review

A

heterogeneity

43
Q

inc screening dx a dz that would be later dx

A

lead time bias

44
Q

more likely to pick up slow progressing diseases

look for __ or __/___

A

length bias

stages
advanced/non advanced

45
Q

Forest plot
uses ___
significant if diamond does not cross ___

high __ indicates heterogeneity

A

relative risk
1

I2

46
Q

percentage of people w disease that test detects

percentage of people wout disease that test negative

A

sensitivity

specificity

47
Q

percentage of pop that tests positive for dz

percentage of pop that tests negative

A

PPV

NPV

Multisystem 1 (21 decks)

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