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Multisystem 1 > Foundations > Flashcards

Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative diplococci bug

reinfection bc of ___

alters ___
recombination of __ and __

A

N gonorrhea

antigenic variation

surface proteins
pilS and pilE

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2
Q

Decreasing caloric intake results in inc in ___

A

hepatic lipid oxidation

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3
Q

Nondisjunction in mitosis result of failed ___

seen w ___ such as ___

A

separation of sister chromatids

Mosaicism, Turner Sydnrome

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4
Q

Exchange of DNA bw nonhomologous chromos is ___

can be ___ or result in __

A

reciprocal translocation

noraml
CML

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5
Q

exchange of short/long arms bw nonhomologous chromos is ____

assc w __ (trisomy __) and ___ (trisomy ___)

A

robertsonian translocation

down sydrome, 21q
Patau syndrome, 13q

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6
Q

more freq inactivation of same X chromos (maternal/apternal) is ___

leads to ___ of some __ features

A

skewed x inactivation

female expression, X linked disease

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7
Q

inheritance of two copies of chromosome from same parent is ____

seen in __ from father, ___ from mother

A

uniparental disomy

Angelman, prader willi

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8
Q

Inflam phase 0-3 days
__ and __ remove bacteria/debrs from wound

release of __/__/__

__ migrate to wound

A

PMNs/macros

GF, collagenase, elastase

fibroblasts

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9
Q

Proliferative phase 3-7 days

__ as basal epidermal cell migration occurs, via __

__ as fibroblasts proliferate to form new ___

__ with formation of new __

A

epithelialization, matrix metalloproteinases

fibroplasia, ECM

angiogenesis

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10
Q

Maturation phase 7-60 days
appearance of __

disorganized __ and __

cycles of __ synth/renewal

__ inc organized w _/__ fibers

A

scar

collagen bundles/fibroblasts

collagen

collagen, parallel/cross linked

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11
Q

Aquired T helper cell def dz

sx by ___
reduced __ cells

A

AIDS

5-6 yrs
CD4 T cells

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12
Q

failure of phagocytes to generate ROS dz

sx by __
recurrent __ and __ and __

A

CGD

1yr
PNA, skin infections, lymphadenitis

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13
Q

Thymic hypoplasia/aplasia dz

sx are ___
recurrent ___

A

DiGeorge syndrome

variable
sinopulmonary infections

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14
Q

Impaired development/fxn of T/B lymphs dz

sx by ___
__ and __ infections
absent ___ cells

A

SCID

6m
sinopulmonary/GI
CD3 T cells

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15
Q

Incomplete b cell maturation bc of BTK mutation dz

sx bw __ to __

recurrent __

A

X linked agammaglobulinemia

6m to 2yr

sinopulmonary infections

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16
Q

HIV pt, presents with tonic clonic seizure, unilateral weakness dz

MRI shows ___

A

Toxoplasma gondii

peripheral enhancement of contrast

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17
Q

High radiation exposure prodces scattered, indiv epidermal cells w __, markedly __ cytoplasm and __ and __ nuclei

morphologic changes of __

A

shrunken, eosinophilic, pyknotic/fragmented

apoptosis

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18
Q

itchy, watery eyes, runny nose, sneezing type of hypersensitivity rxn

reddening w allergen, response initiated by ___

A

type 1

IgE

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19
Q

Clostridium perfringens is gram __

virulence factor is ___

results in __, skin is ___

alpha toxin also seen w __

A

positive rod

alpha toxin

crepitus, black

Staph aureus

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20
Q

Endotoxin is __ attached to ___

seen w __

A

lipopolysaccharide, outer membrane

Gram neg bacteria

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21
Q

Fimbriae- attachment pilus to __

Gram - include __ and __
Gram + include ___

A

adhere to tissues

E coli, N gonorrhea

S pyo

22
Q

Pneumolysin- __ toxin that __ host cells

bacteria includes __

A

pore forming, lyses

s pneumo

23
Q

Polysaccharide capsule- outermost layer resists __ and ___

seen w __, _, __

A

complement/phagocytosis

Hib, S pneumo, N meningitidis

24
Q

p53 mediates arrest of which part of the cell cycle

other factors important include __, __, __

commonly affected by

A

G1

Cyclin D, CDK 4/6, pRB

radiation

25
Q

Galactosemia is def in __

__ in urine

pt presents w __, __, ___
may have __ and ___

pt is ___

A

GALT

reducing substances

FtT, irritability, vomiting
jaundice/hepatomegaly

young

26
Q

Type 1 hypersensitivity rxn

mediated by __, onset is __
findings U, A, H, E

such as w A, A, A

A

IgE, quick
urticaria, angioedema, hypoTN, edema

anaphylaxis, asmtha, angioedema

27
Q

Type 2 hypersensitivity rxn

__ mediated, ___
localized rxn over __ to __

usually ___
leads to __ and ___

A

antibody, cytotoxic
hrs-days

drug induced
hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Type 3 hypersensitivity rxn

___ deposition
diffuse rxn over __ to __
involves ___, __, __, __

includes S, H, S

A

immune complex
hr to days
skin, kidneys, lungs, joints

serum sickness, hypersensitivity pneumo, SLE

29
Q

Type 4 hypersensitivity rxn

delayed ___ rxn
occurs after __, is ___

includes ___ ie __
__ dz
___ (PPD)

A

cell mediated
2-3 days, localized

allergic contact dermatitis, poison ivy
granulomatous
TB skin test

30
Q

most likely mechanism to developing edema following trauma

A

separation of endothelial jxns

31
Q

2yr old w developmental problems, low ht/wt

large head circumference

born to parents w learning disabilities

most likely dz
due to

A

fragile x syndrome

trinucleotide repeat expansion

32
Q

lab finding to support susceptibility to infections

A

dec macrophage activity

33
Q

Antifreeze ingestion

arterial pH is __
serum bicarb is __
CO2 is ____

A

low
low
low

34
Q

Mixed resp/met acidosis

arterial pH
serum bicarb
CO2

A

dec
inc
inc

35
Q

Acute met alk

arterial pH
serum bicarb
CO2

A

inc
dec
inc

36
Q

chronic resp alkalosis

arterial pH
serum bicarb
CO2

A

inc
dec
dec

37
Q

chronic met alkalosis

arterial pH
serum bicarb
CO2

A

inc
inc
inc

38
Q

tx following allergic rxn

A

epinephrine

39
Q

Histamine release effect
heart- dec __
epi will stimulate __, inc __

BV- __ and __
epi stimulates __ to promote __ and ___

Lung- ___
skin- ___
epi stimulates __, to promote __ and inhibit __

A

CO
B1, Cardiac contractility

VD, edema
A1, VC/ dec edema

bronchoconstriction
urticaria
B2
bronchodilation
mediator release
40
Q

replacement of one tissue with another type is ___

ie __ to __ transition in squamous metaplasia

A

metaplasia

columnar squamous

41
Q

disorganized cell growth is __

variability in __ and __ of cells
large __ nuclei

A

dysplasia
size/shape
hyperchromatic

42
Q

Benign neoplasm has __ of cells

__ proliferation of gland epi
__ exophytic epithelial tumor
__ abnormal mixture of cells/tissues found in other areas

A

normal proliferation

adenoma
papilloma
hamartoma

43
Q

Malignant neoplasm

Nuclear abnorm: __, __ variation, large ___

atypical __, such as __/__ mitotic figures

local invasion/destruction of __

A

hyperchromatic, nuclear size, nucleoli

mitoses, tripolar/quadripolar

surrounding tissue

44
Q

Carcinoma arises from __

__ gland pattern growth
__ squamous growth
___ w poor differentiation and no clear pattern

A

epithelial cells

adenocarcinoma
squamous cell
undiff

45
Q

molecular target of EGFR good for __ cancer

A

lung

46
Q

molecular target of tyrosine kinase __ good for __

A

HER2, BC

47
Q

MT for JAK2 good for __

A

PV

48
Q

MT for BRAF ___/__ good for __ and __ and ___

A

serine/threonine kinase

melanoma, lung ca, colorectal ca

49
Q

MT VEGF good for __ and __ and ___

A

lung ca, colorectal ca, renal cell cancer

50
Q

MT for PD1 good for __ and __

A

lung ca, melanoma

51
Q

Caseating granulomas no org on gram stain, moderate fever/night sweats, diffuse cervical adenopathy

dz is

A

Tb

Multisystem 1 (21 decks)

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