Antibiotics Flashcards
__ block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of ___
penicllin
peptidoglycan cross linking
tx for Group A step (throat)
also confirmed __ Pneumoccal infection such as __ and __
resistance from alteration of __
overcome w ___
also treat ___ infection
and __ caused by ___
Penicillin
Penicillin sensitive
PNA, meningitis
penicillin binding proteins
higher doses
Meningoccal infection
syphillis, T. pallidum
Ampicilin/Amoxicillin is ___
good for minor infections like __ and __
top 3 causes: P, H, M
good for __, such as __ in babies and elderly
good for ___
broader spectrum
acute sinusitis/otitis
Pneumoccocus, Hib, moraxella
listeria, meningitis
enterococcus
Dont treat __ w ab
exception is __ w exacerbation
Augmentin (PO) is __ and __
good for __ sinusitis/otitis
Unasyn (IV) is __ and __
good for ___
such as ___
does not cover ___
bronchitis
COPD
amoxicillin + BLI
persistent
ampicillin + BLI
mixed infection
diabetic foot ulcer
MRSA
__ and __ against Pseudomonas
esp __ pt
__
__ PNA
and ____
Ticarcillin/Piperacillin
burn
neutropenic
hospital acquired
CF
Timentin is __ and __
Zosyn is __ and __
occasionally used for __ hospital acquired infections
Zosyn not used for ___ infections
Ticarcillin +BLI
Piperacillin + BLI
critically ill
serious Psuedomonas
IV __ and __ against Staph aureus cellulitis/endocarditis
PO __ for staph aureus
Nafcillin, Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin
Cephalosporins do not cover _ and __
1st gen is better for __ and less for __
3rd gen is better for __ and less for __
2nd gen is __
enterococcus, anaerobes
gram +, gram -
gram -, gram +
in between
1st gen __ or __
good for minor __ like __
also ____
Cefazolin, Cephalexin
Staph, cellulitis
pre op prophylaxis
2nd gen ___ aka __
__ minor infections like __
similar to ___
Cefuroxime, Ceftitin
persistant, otitis
augmentin
3rd gen __ and Ceftriaxone and __ and ___ and Cefexime
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidine
4th gen ___
anti- ____
not for kids less than ___
cefepime
pseudomonal
2m
3rd gen great for serious ___ like sepsis and all types of ___
good __ penetration
Gram neg, meningitis
CNS
__ is antipseudomonal similar to __/__ but induces __
__ preferred
Ceftazidime
Ticarcillin/Piperacillin, beta lactamase
Cefepime
___ good for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
__ have high resistance w ESBL ___ gram neg bacteria
such as K A E P P S E
Cephalosporins
extended spectrum beta lactamase
klebsiella actinobacter enterobacter proteus pseudo serratia e coli
aminoglycosides block protein synth at ___
good for __ infections
Include __ and __ and __
weak to strong
30S ribosomal unit
gram -
gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
serious gram neg infections tx w __ drugs
such as __ and ___
2
Ceftriaxone, Tobramycin
Aminoglycosides synergistic w __
can be used for ___
poor penetration to __/__
do not use in __/__
SE include __ and ___
Beta lactams
endocarditis
lungs/meninges
PNA/meningitis
ototoxicity/nephrotoxic
Macrolides inhibit __ of the __
considered __
__ is good for __ and __
not good for __
can cover __ walking PNA and __ (though inc resistance) and ___
commonly used for __ in ersons less than 60 w out comorbids
resistant __ is dec this
23s rRNA, 50S ribosomal unit
bacteriostatic
erythromycin, gram +/gram -
anaerobes
Mycoplasma, Legionella, Pneumo
community acquired PNA
S aureus
Macrolides
__ and ___
no better than erythro but less __ such as __/__
cost effective alternative to __ for chlamydia
prolongs ___
azithromycin, clarithromycin
SE, nausea/ab pain
Doxycycline
QT
Erythromicin is __ agonist
can help ___ in diabetics
motilin
gastroparesis
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole block __ by inhibiting __ synthesis
good for __ and __
great for __ and ___ and uncomplicated __/__
not for __/__/___
SE such as __ and __
__ w G6PD def
also for __ PNA and soft tissue ___
nucleotide synthesis, folate
gram +, gram -
otitis/sinusitis, UTI/cystitis
Strep throat, Pseudomonas, Anaerobes
Rash, SJS, hemolysis
pneumocystis jiroveci, MRSA
__ used for UTI with greater E coli sulfa resistance
not for __ or w creatinine clearance less than __
SE __ toxicitiy, acute __, chronic ___
turns urine __
use in preg with ___
Nitrofurantoin
pyelonephritis, 60
pulm, HS, pulm interstitial disease
brown
Tetracyclines inhibit ___
Doxycycline is good __
SE include __ and __
great for __, commonly co tx for urethritis w ___
covers __ and __ atypical PNA and __
alternative to __ for CA PNA in healthy pt
good for __ such as RMSF, __ and __
suspect in spring/summer w fever, low __/__ and elevated __
30s ribosomal subunits
all around
photosensitivity, teeth staining
chlamydia, ceftriaxone
Clamydia pneumophila/mycoplasma, azithromycin
Rickettsial dz, erlichiosis, anaplasmosis
WBC/platelets, transaminases
__ inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
Ciproflaxin is __
good for everything except ___
avoid for __ and __ and __ and ___
good for comp infections like __ and comp __/__
newer quinolones cover __ better
Levofloxacin is excellent against __ and __
good choice for __ and __ w gram - infections
SE __ rupture, CNS (avoid in __ as they block __)
Quinolones
broad spectrum
Pneumoccocus
otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, PNA
diabetic foot ulcer, UTI/cystitis
gram neg
gram neg/Pneumio
CA PNA, hospital pt
achilles, MG, NMJ
Lincosamide such as ___ blocks the ___ ribosomal subunit
Clindamycin
50s
Metronidazole is a ____
promotes ___ to damage __
used for __ infections such as __/__ areas
good for __ enterocolitis, T/G
abstain from ____
mechanism is ___, prevents __ comps such as nec fas w __ and __
can treat ___
nitroimidazole
free radical, bacterial DNA
anaerobic, intra-ab/pelvic
C diff, trichomonas, giardia
alcohol
bacteriostatic, toxin related
Staph/strep pyo
MRSA
__ is a glycopeptide
inhibits ___ but also blocks __ synthesis
not susceptible to __/__ prodxn
great coverage for __/__
reserve for ___
pt who can get Staph epi sepsis- __ w infected ___ or __
good for ___ enterococcal infections like pyonephritits
can treat ___ PO
SE- N/O/R
tx by __ injection
Vancomycin
cell wall synthesis, peptidoglycan
beta lactamase/penicillin bindg protein
Staph Aureus/Epi
MRSA
IC, indwelling central cath, neonates
ampicillin resistant
C difff
neprotoxic, ototoxic, Red man syndrome
slow
Aztreonam used for __, __ infections
monobactam resistant to ___
used in ___ allergic pt
gram - serious
beta lactamase
PCN
Carbapenams such as Primaxin, which is __ and __
also M/E
IV for ___ infections
works against __ gram neg
seizure risk w __ and renal failure
Imipenem+ Cilastatin
Meropenem, Ertopenem
serious
ESBL
Primaxin
Anti-VRE and MRSA
__ treats gram positive bacteria, such as VRE, MRSA and PRSP
watch for __ and __
inhibits ___
Linezolid
PN, myelosuppression
MAO
Quinupristin/dalfopristin IV for __ and ___
VRE, vanc resistant Staph Aureus
Daptomycin for __ skin infection, endocarditis
not ___ bc it is inactivated by __
associated w ___
MRSA
MRSA PNA, surfactant
eosinophilic PNA
Ceftaroline for skin/soft tissue __ and ___
MRSA, PNA
Influenze tx w __ to inhibit neuraminidase
oseltamivir
Herpes tx w ___
phosphorylated by HSV/VZV ___
inhibits viral ___
acyclovir
thymidine kinase
DNA polymerase
Anti viral
Interferon blocks replication of __/__ viruses
such as __/__ and ___
DNA/RNA
HepB/HepC/MS
Anti TB
Isoniazid SE N (tx w ___), H
Rifampin (also used for __ prophylaxis)
interacts w ___
turns urine ___
Ethambutol causes ___ such as __/__ blindness
neuropathy, VB6, hepatotoxicity
meningococcal exposure
p450
orange
optic neuropathy
red/green color
Anti fungal
___ binds ergosterol which is unique to __
forms __ that allow leakage
SE N/hypo__/__
Azoles like F for vaginal/esophageal ___
inhibits __
amphotericin B, fungal cell wall
membrane pores
nephrotoxic, HypoK, hypoMg
fluconazole, candida
ergosterol synthesis
Meningitis
S pneumo remmonded tx w __ and ___
alternatives M/F
vanc, 3rd gen ceph
meropenem, fluoroquinolone
Meningitis
N men tx w __
alternative
P/A/C/F/A
3rd gen ceph
penicillin, ampicillin, cloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone, aztreonam
Meningitis
L mono
tx w __ or __
alternatives __ or __
ampicillin/PenG
bactrim/meropenum
Meningitis
S agalactiae
recommended w __ or __
alternative
3rd gen ___
ampicillin/PenG
ceph
Men
H influenza
recommneded w __
alternatives
C/C/M
F
third gen ceph
cloramphenicaol, cefepime, meropenem, flurorozuinole
Meningitis
E coli
recommended w ___
alternative
C/M/A/F/B
3rd gen ceph
cefepime, meropenem, aztrenoam, fluoro, bactrim
mouth infections cover __ and ___
such as w __ and ___ and ___
gram + and anaerobes
penicillins, ESBL, clindamycin
CA PNA
healthy give macrolide like __, alternative is ___
comorbids like DM give ___ such as L/M
hospitalized pt give __ or combo of __ and __
azithromuyin, doxy
fluoro, levaquin/moxifloxacin
macrolide/3rd gen ceph
Health care PNA
usually in pt w __ and wound care, __ or __
live in __
hospitalized for ___
cover MRSA w __ or ___
cover pseudo w __ or __ or __
add other drug for pseudo/gram neg like __ or __
sepsis, use __ regimen
IV ab, chemo/dialysis
nursing home
3m
linezolid/vanc
zosyn/cefepime/carbanepem
Fluoro/aminoglycoside
similar
Intra ab infections like cholecystitis, appendicitis, cholangitis, diverticulitisi
cover __ and ___
can use Z/T+C/C/T
or __/__ gen ceph or __ for gram neg + __ for anaerobes
gram neg rods, anaerobes
zosyn, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, carbapenem, tigecycline
3rd/4th, FLuoro
metronidzaole
Enterococcal infections like UTI/abdominal/bacteremia/endocarditis
if susceptible use __ w aminoglycoside and ___
VRE use __ or ___
ampicillin, vanc
linezolid/daptomycin
C diff use oral __ or ___ if not severe
oral vanc maybe w IV __
PO Vanc taper + Fidaxomycin and ___
flagyl, vanc
flagyl
fecal transplant
UTI
uncomp/not preg/no abnorms/catheters can use N/B/fosfomycin
if cant use those, use __ or combo __ and ___ like augmentin
for pyelonephritis use __
same for ___
nitrofurantoin, bactrim
fluoro, BL/BLI
fluoro
comp UTI
Prostatitis use B/C if acute
bactrim/Cipro
Epidydmitis
young male, tx for __ and ___ w doxycycline
older men, tx for __ and add ___
gon/chlam
gonor, quinolone
CLamydia tx w __ or ___
gonorrhea tx w ___
bacterial vaginosis tx w ___
trichomonas tx ___
azithro, doxy
ceftriaxone
metrio
flagyl
skin/soft tissue
if staph/strep
non purulent is not __, use 1st gen ___, or O__ or c___
purulent, cover MRS w B/C/D/L
__ IV is option
MRSA
ceph, oxacillin, clindamycin
bactrim, clindamycin, doxy, linezolid
vancomycin
Skin/soft tissue in DM
deep infections are __ w gram +/-
combo __ for MRSA or __ from Gram +/-
__ for MRSA/strep and __ for gram neg
systemic illness needs __ to cover pseudo, gram +/- and anaerobes
such as Z/C/C+M
add __/__ for MRSA
polymicrobial
bacrim, augmentin
clindamycin, fluoro
IV ab
zosyn, carbapenem, cefepime+metro
vanc/dapto
