Antibiotics Flashcards by Nathan Hansen

__ block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of ___

penicllin

peptidoglycan cross linking

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tx for Group A step (throat)

also confirmed __ Pneumoccal infection such as __ and __

resistance from alteration of __

overcome w ___

also treat ___ infection

and __ caused by ___

Penicillin

Penicillin sensitive
PNA, meningitis

penicillin binding proteins

higher doses

Meningoccal infection

syphillis, T. pallidum

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Ampicilin/Amoxicillin is ___

good for minor infections like __ and __

top 3 causes: P, H, M

good for __, such as __ in babies and elderly

good for ___

broader spectrum

acute sinusitis/otitis

Pneumoccocus, Hib, moraxella

listeria, meningitis

enterococcus

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Dont treat __ w ab
exception is __ w exacerbation

Augmentin (PO) is __ and __
good for __ sinusitis/otitis

Unasyn (IV) is __ and __
good for ___
such as ___
does not cover ___

bronchitis
COPD

amoxicillin + BLI
persistent

ampicillin + BLI
mixed infection
diabetic foot ulcer
MRSA

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__ and __ against Pseudomonas

esp __ pt
__
__ PNA
and ____

Ticarcillin/Piperacillin

burn
neutropenic
hospital acquired
CF

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Timentin is __ and __

Zosyn is __ and __

occasionally used for __ hospital acquired infections

Zosyn not used for ___ infections

Ticarcillin +BLI

Piperacillin + BLI

critically ill

serious Psuedomonas

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IV __ and __ against Staph aureus cellulitis/endocarditis

PO __ for staph aureus

Nafcillin, Oxacillin

Dicloxacillin

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Cephalosporins do not cover _ and __

1st gen is better for __ and less for __
3rd gen is better for __ and less for __
2nd gen is __

enterococcus, anaerobes

gram +, gram -
gram -, gram +
in between

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1st gen __ or __

good for minor __ like __

also ____

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

Staph, cellulitis

pre op prophylaxis

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2nd gen ___ aka __

__ minor infections like __

similar to ___

Cefuroxime, Ceftitin

persistant, otitis

augmentin

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3rd gen __ and Ceftriaxone and __ and ___ and Cefexime

Cefotaxime

Ceftazidine

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4th gen ___

anti- ____

not for kids less than ___

cefepime

pseudomonal

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3rd gen great for serious ___ like sepsis and all types of ___

good __ penetration

Gram neg, meningitis

CNS

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__ is antipseudomonal similar to __/__ but induces __

__ preferred

Ceftazidime
Ticarcillin/Piperacillin, beta lactamase

Cefepime

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___ good for gonorrhea

ceftriaxone

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__ have high resistance w ESBL ___ gram neg bacteria

such as 
K
A
E
P
P
S
E

Cephalosporins
extended spectrum beta lactamase

klebsiella
actinobacter
enterobacter
proteus
pseudo
serratia
e coli

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aminoglycosides block protein synth at ___

good for __ infections

Include __ and __ and __
weak to strong

30S ribosomal unit

gram -

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

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serious gram neg infections tx w __ drugs

such as __ and ___

Ceftriaxone, Tobramycin

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Aminoglycosides synergistic w __

can be used for ___

poor penetration to __/__

do not use in __/__

SE include __ and ___

Beta lactams

endocarditis

lungs/meninges

PNA/meningitis

ototoxicity/nephrotoxic

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Macrolides inhibit __ of the __
considered __

__ is good for __ and __
not good for __

can cover __ walking PNA and __ (though inc resistance) and ___

commonly used for __ in ersons less than 60 w out comorbids

resistant __ is dec this

23s rRNA, 50S ribosomal unit
bacteriostatic

erythromycin, gram +/gram -
anaerobes

Mycoplasma, Legionella, Pneumo

community acquired PNA

S aureus

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Macrolides
__ and ___

no better than erythro but less __ such as __/__

cost effective alternative to __ for chlamydia

prolongs ___

azithromycin, clarithromycin

SE, nausea/ab pain

Doxycycline

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Erythromicin is __ agonist

can help ___ in diabetics

motilin

gastroparesis

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Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole block __ by inhibiting __ synthesis

good for __ and __
great for __ and ___ and uncomplicated __/__

not for __/__/___

SE such as __ and __
__ w G6PD def

also for __ PNA and soft tissue ___

nucleotide synthesis, folate

gram +, gram -
otitis/sinusitis, UTI/cystitis

Strep throat, Pseudomonas, Anaerobes

Rash, SJS, hemolysis

pneumocystis jiroveci, MRSA

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__ used for UTI with greater E coli sulfa resistance

not for __ or w creatinine clearance less than __

SE __ toxicitiy, acute __, chronic ___

turns urine __

use in preg with ___

Nitrofurantoin

pyelonephritis, 60

pulm, HS, pulm interstitial disease

brown

Tetracyclines inhibit ___ Doxycycline is good __ SE include __ and __ great for __, commonly co tx for urethritis w ___ covers __ and __ atypical PNA and __ alternative to __ for CA PNA in healthy pt good for __ such as RMSF, __ and __ suspect in spring/summer w fever, low __/__ and elevated __

30s ribosomal subunits all around photosensitivity, teeth staining chlamydia, ceftriaxone Clamydia pneumophila/mycoplasma, azithromycin Rickettsial dz, erlichiosis, anaplasmosis WBC/platelets, transaminases

__ inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase Ciproflaxin is __ good for everything except ___ avoid for __ and __ and __ and ___ good for comp infections like __ and comp __/__ newer quinolones cover __ better Levofloxacin is excellent against __ and __ good choice for __ and __ w gram - infections SE __ rupture, CNS (avoid in __ as they block __)

Quinolones broad spectrum Pneumoccocus otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, PNA diabetic foot ulcer, UTI/cystitis gram neg gram neg/Pneumio CA PNA, hospital pt achilles, MG, NMJ

Lincosamide such as ___ blocks the ___ ribosomal subunit

Clindamycin | 50s

Metronidazole is a ____ promotes ___ to damage __ used for __ infections such as __/__ areas good for __ enterocolitis, T/G abstain from ____ mechanism is ___, prevents __ comps such as nec fas w __ and __ can treat ___

nitroimidazole free radical, bacterial DNA anaerobic, intra-ab/pelvic C diff, trichomonas, giardia alcohol bacteriostatic, toxin related Staph/strep pyo MRSA

__ is a glycopeptide inhibits ___ but also blocks __ synthesis not susceptible to __/__ prodxn great coverage for __/__ reserve for ___ pt who can get Staph epi sepsis- __ w infected ___ or __ good for ___ enterococcal infections like pyonephritits can treat ___ PO SE- N/O/R tx by __ injection

Vancomycin cell wall synthesis, peptidoglycan beta lactamase/penicillin bindg protein Staph Aureus/Epi MRSA IC, indwelling central cath, neonates ampicillin resistant C difff neprotoxic, ototoxic, Red man syndrome slow

Aztreonam used for __, __ infections monobactam resistant to ___ used in ___ allergic pt

gram - serious beta lactamase PCN

Carbapenams such as Primaxin, which is __ and __ also M/E IV for ___ infections works against __ gram neg seizure risk w __ and renal failure

Imipenem+ Cilastatin Meropenem, Ertopenem serious ESBL Primaxin

Anti-VRE and MRSA __ treats gram positive bacteria, such as VRE, MRSA and PRSP watch for __ and __ inhibits ___

Linezolid PN, myelosuppression MAO

Quinupristin/dalfopristin IV for __ and ___

VRE, vanc resistant Staph Aureus

Daptomycin for __ skin infection, endocarditis not ___ bc it is inactivated by __ associated w ___

MRSA MRSA PNA, surfactant eosinophilic PNA

Ceftaroline for skin/soft tissue __ and ___

MRSA, PNA

Influenze tx w __ to inhibit neuraminidase

oseltamivir

Herpes tx w ___ phosphorylated by HSV/VZV ___ inhibits viral ___

acyclovir thymidine kinase DNA polymerase

Anti viral Interferon blocks replication of __/__ viruses such as __/__ and ___

DNA/RNA HepB/HepC/MS

Anti TB Isoniazid SE N (tx w ___), H Rifampin (also used for __ prophylaxis) interacts w ___ turns urine ___ Ethambutol causes ___ such as __/__ blindness

neuropathy, VB6, hepatotoxicity meningococcal exposure p450 orange optic neuropathy red/green color

Anti fungal ___ binds ergosterol which is unique to __ forms __ that allow leakage SE N/hypo__/__ Azoles like F for vaginal/esophageal ___ inhibits __

amphotericin B, fungal cell wall membrane pores nephrotoxic, HypoK, hypoMg fluconazole, candida ergosterol synthesis

Meningitis S pneumo remmonded tx w __ and ___ alternatives M/F

vanc, 3rd gen ceph meropenem, fluoroquinolone

Meningitis N men tx w __ alternative P/A/C/F/A

3rd gen ceph penicillin, ampicillin, cloramphenicol, fluoroquinolone, aztreonam

Meningitis L mono tx w __ or __ alternatives __ or __

ampicillin/PenG bactrim/meropenum

Meningitis S agalactiae recommended w __ or __ alternative 3rd gen ___

ampicillin/PenG ceph

Men H influenza recommneded w __ alternatives C/C/M F

third gen ceph cloramphenicaol, cefepime, meropenem, flurorozuinole

Meningitis E coli recommended w ___ alternative C/M/A/F/B

3rd gen ceph cefepime, meropenem, aztrenoam, fluoro, bactrim

mouth infections cover __ and ___ such as w __ and ___ and ___

gram + and anaerobes penicillins, ESBL, clindamycin

CA PNA healthy give macrolide like __, alternative is ___ comorbids like DM give ___ such as L/M hospitalized pt give __ or combo of __ and __

azithromuyin, doxy fluoro, levaquin/moxifloxacin macrolide/3rd gen ceph

Health care PNA usually in pt w __ and wound care, __ or __ live in __ hospitalized for ___ cover MRSA w __ or ___ cover pseudo w __ or __ or __ add other drug for pseudo/gram neg like __ or __ sepsis, use __ regimen

IV ab, chemo/dialysis nursing home 3m linezolid/vanc zosyn/cefepime/carbanepem Fluoro/aminoglycoside similar

Intra ab infections like cholecystitis, appendicitis, cholangitis, diverticulitisi cover __ and ___ can use Z/T+C/C/T or __/__ gen ceph or __ for gram neg + __ for anaerobes

gram neg rods, anaerobes zosyn, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, carbapenem, tigecycline 3rd/4th, FLuoro metronidzaole

Enterococcal infections like UTI/abdominal/bacteremia/endocarditis if susceptible use __ w aminoglycoside and ___ VRE use __ or ___

ampicillin, vanc linezolid/daptomycin

C diff use oral __ or ___ if not severe oral vanc maybe w IV __ PO Vanc taper + Fidaxomycin and ___

flagyl, vanc flagyl fecal transplant

UTI uncomp/not preg/no abnorms/catheters can use N/B/fosfomycin if cant use those, use __ or combo __ and ___ like augmentin for pyelonephritis use __ same for ___

nitrofurantoin, bactrim fluoro, BL/BLI fluoro comp UTI

Prostatitis use B/C if acute

bactrim/Cipro

Epidydmitis young male, tx for __ and ___ w doxycycline older men, tx for __ and add ___

gon/chlam gonor, quinolone

CLamydia tx w __ or ___ gonorrhea tx w ___ bacterial vaginosis tx w ___ trichomonas tx ___

azithro, doxy ceftriaxone metrio flagyl

skin/soft tissue if staph/strep non purulent is not __, use 1st gen ___, or O__ or c___ purulent, cover MRS w B/C/D/L __ IV is option

MRSA ceph, oxacillin, clindamycin bactrim, clindamycin, doxy, linezolid vancomycin

Skin/soft tissue in DM deep infections are __ w gram +/- combo __ for MRSA or __ from Gram +/- __ for MRSA/strep and __ for gram neg systemic illness needs __ to cover pseudo, gram +/- and anaerobes such as Z/C/C+M add __/__ for MRSA

polymicrobial bacrim, augmentin clindamycin, fluoro IV ab zosyn, carbapenem, cefepime+metro vanc/dapto