Cardio Flashcards
crushing substernal chest pain, radiating to left arm
ST elevation
dx
mechanism
AMI
plaque rupture w subsequent thrombus formation
gradual stenosis of atherosclerotic plaque seen in ___
worse w ____
stable angina
exertion
leads v1-v4 STEMI assc artery
leads 1 and avL
leads 2, 3, avF
LAD
LCX (lateral)
inferior (RCA)
unequal arm pressures, severe sudden pain, hx of HTN
dx is ___
may be assc w
aotic dissection
aortic regurgitation
preceding URI, chest pain better when leaning forward
ecg shows __ elevation and ___ depression
dx is
diffuse ST, PR
pericarditis
cardiogenic shock
CO is __, pulm edema w __ PA pressures, __ central venous presures, __ SVR
dec, inc, inc, inc
septic shock
svr is ___, CO is ___
dec, inc
younger pt, post URI, lung crackles, inc JVP, S3
dx is ____
direct cytotoxicity as a result of ___ into ____
dilated cardiomyopathy
receptor mediated entry of virus, cardiac myocytes
Preserved EF, lung crackles, orthopnea, PND, edema
ecg shows hypertrophy
dx is ___, __ dysfxn
mechanism: inability of __ to fill at normal __ pressures
dilated cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfxn
LV, LA
most common cause of HF
EF is ___
this is __ dysfxn
dec contractility of LV
decreased
systolic
unequal pulse, HTN, young person
dx is
coarctation of aorta
hx of cancer/recent infection/pulsus paradoxus, dec heart sounds, inc JVD
dx is __ or ____
pericardial effusion/tamponade
palpitations/syncope, young person, no murmur
dx is ___
look for __ and __ on EKG
may have long ___
WPW
short PR, delta wave
QT
vertebrobasilar sx, arm exercise problems, unequal bp/pulse
dx is
subclavian steal syndrome
young woman, HTN, abdominal bruit
dx is
fibromuscular dysplasia
Post MI
immediate death due to
arrhythmia
post mi
3-10 days later, new MR murmur
ruptured
papillary muscle
3-10 days post MI, holosystolic murmur at LLSB
ruptured ___
interventricular septim
3-10 days post MI, signs of tamponade
ruptured ___
LV free wall
several weeks post MI, fever, pleuritic CP, rib
dx is ___
dressler’s syndrome
visual sx, NV, ECG changes
med SE is
digoxin
angioedema/cough
SE of medicine ___
ace inhibitor
lupus like syndrome, antihistone antibodies
med causing sx is
hydralazine
high K, gynecomastia
med causing sx
spironolactone
crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur at LLSB
inc w valsalva
dx is ___
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
apical holosystolic murmur radiation to axilla, LVH, pulmonary congesion
murmur is __
mittral regurgitaton
pregnant woman, prominen A wave, crackles in lungs, sternal heave, diastolic murmur at apex
murmur is
mitral stenosis
continuous machinelike murmur, best heard at ___
bounding pulse, LV impulse
dx is ___
defect in __ embryology
tx w
left infraclavicular site
PDA
sixth aortic arch
nsaids
IVDU, fever/chills, SOB, systolic murmur at LLSB, inc w inspiration
most common bacterial cause
staph aureus
fixed split S2
murmur is
asd
systolic murmur at LLSB, inc w inspiration
murmur is
TR
newborm, CHF, holosystolic murmur at L4ICS, dynamic precordium
murmur is
VSD
RUSB, SEM, chest pain, syncope, SOB
murmur is
as
baby w downs, CHF sx
defect in __ or ___
av canal/av septum
AAA repair, replacing w synthetic graft
risk of ischemia to ___
sigmoid colon
young asian boy, joint swelling, fissured lips, red tongue, cervical LAN
dx is
complication w out tx
kawasaki dz
coronary artery occlusion
post URI, young kid, fever, rash on trunk w sharp borders
knees/wrists painful, shin nodules, chorea movements
dx is ____
late complication
RF
valvular heart dz
post radiation, inc JVP, lower extremity edema, dec EDV and inc EDP in both ventricles
dx is __ or ___
constrictive pericarditis/restrictive cardiomyopathy
poorly controlled HTN, S4 present, inc BUN/creatinine ratio
cause of worsened BP
progressive stenosis of renal arteris
dull, frontal HA, elevated BP, high Na, low K
cause is
aldosterone overproduction
HTN pt, LE swelling
med cause is __
such as __ or ___
CCB
amlodipine/nifedipine
Doxorubicin/trastuzumab
SE is ___, or ____
CHF, dilated cardiomyopathy
Amiodarone se (4)
pulm fibrosis, thyroid dysfxn, inc Qt, pt turns blue
Hand grip inc ___
inc intensity of __ and __ and ___
dec __ and __ murmurs
MVP occurs ____
afterload
MR/AR/VSD
HCM/AS
later
valsalva dec ___
dec intensity of ___
inc intensity of ___
MVP occurs ___
prelod
most murmurs
HCM
earlier
squatting inc ___ and ___ and ___
dec intenstiy of ___
inc intensity of __, __ and __ murmurs
MVP occurs ____
venous return, preload/afterload
HCM
AS/MR/VSD
later
systolic heart sounds
__/__ stenosis
__/__ regurg
__/__/__ also
A/P
M/T
VSD/HCM/MVP
diastolic heart sounds
__/__ regurg
__/__ stenosis
A/P
M/T
