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BIOL 223 Lecture > Misc. Vocab > Flashcards

Misc. Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

A group of specialized cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

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2
Q

Organ

A

A group of two or more different tissues working together to perform a specialized function

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3
Q

Organ system

A

A group of organs working together to perform vital body functions

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4
Q

Organism

A

An individual living thing

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5
Q

Homeostasis

A

The existence of a stable environment

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6
Q

Homeostatic regulation

A

The adjustment of physiological systems to maintain homeostasis

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7
Q

Receptor

A

Component of homeostatic regulation that receives stimuli

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8
Q

Control center

A

Component of homeostatic regulation that processes the signal and sends instructions

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9
Q

Effector

A

Component of homeostatic regulation that carries out instructions

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10
Q

Afferent

A

Input between receptor and control center

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11
Q

Efferent

A

Output between control center and effector

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12
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

The response of the effector negates the stimulus and the body is brought back to homeostasis; normal range achieved

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13
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

The response of the effector increases change of the stimulus and the body is moved away from homeostasis; normal range is lost; processes sped up

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14
Q

Thermoregulation

A

A process allowing the body to maintain its core internal temperature

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15
Q

Set point

A

Physiological value around which the normal value fluctuates; an ideal number for a specific physiological process

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16
Q

Vasodilation

A

An increase in diameter of blood vessels, increasing blood flow

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17
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

A decrease in diameter of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow

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18
Q

Homeostatic imbalance

A

Failure or inability to maintain homeostasis which can lead to illness, disease, or death

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19
Q

Symptoms

A

A subjective change

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20
Q

Signs

A

Objective changes which can be quantified

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21
Q

Prognosis

A

A prediction about the possible course or outcome from a specific disease

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22
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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23
Q

Disease

A

Malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure of homeostatic mechanisms characterized by a set of signs and symptoms

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24
Q

Disorder

A

Any abnormality of structure or function

25
Q

Acute

A

A disease of short duration but typically severe

26
Q

Chronic

A

Illness persisting for a long time or constantly recurring

27
Q

Etiology

A

Science and study of the cause of disease

28
Q

Idiopathic

A

Any disease or condition of unknown cause

29
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Thin tissues that cover all exposed surfaces of the body

  • Skin
  • Lining of mouth, digestive track
30
Q

Connective tissue

A

Tissue that supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs

  • Bone
  • Cartilage
  • Fat
  • Blood
  • Lymphatic tissue
31
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of body parts

32
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Groups of organized cells in the nervous system

  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Neurons
33
Q

Diagnosis

A

The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the signs and symptoms

34
Q

Palpation

A

To examine the body by gentle touch

35
Q

Auscultation

A

The action of listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs with a stethoscope

36
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the pericardium

37
Q

Pleurisy

A

Inflammation of the pleura

38
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

39
Q

Percussion

A

A method of tapping body parts with fingers, hands, or small instruments to determine the size/consistency/borders of body organs

40
Q

Necrosis

A

The tissue destruction that occurs after cells have been damaged or killed

41
Q

Pus

A

Accumulation of debris, fluid, dead and dying cells, and necrotic tissue

42
Q

Abscess

A

An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue

43
Q

Fibrosis

A

Permanent replacement of normal tissue by scar tissue (fibrous tissue)

44
Q

Sarcoma

A

A cancer arising in connective or other nonepithelial tissue

45
Q

Carcinoma

A

A cancer arising in the epithelial tissue of the skin or of the lining of the internal organs

46
Q

Lesion

A

A region in an organ or tissue that has suffered damage from injury or disease

47
Q

Remission

A

Abatement, ending, or lessening in severity of signs and symptoms of a disease

48
Q

Biopsy

A

Process of removing tissue samples surgically or with a needle

49
Q

Autopsy

A

An examination of the organs of a cadaver to determine cause of death or to determine pathology

50
Q

What are the levels of organization from simplest to most complex?

A

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

51
Q

Oncologist

A

A person who studies tumors

52
Q

Metastasis

A

The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer

53
Q

Parenchymal cells

A

Functional part of an organ or structure

54
Q

Carcinogen

A

A substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

55
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase and growth of muscle cells achieved through exercise

56
Q

Benign

A

A condition, tumor, or growth that is noncancerous

57
Q

Malignant

A

Cancerous

58
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

An inherited disorder that affects connective tissue.

Most commonly affects eyes, heart, blood vessels and skeleton

59
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Noncellular substances surrounding the cell

BIOL 223 Lecture (26 decks)

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