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BIOL 223 Lecture > Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure/characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Thin tissues that cover all exposed surfaces of the body.

Cellularity- closely bound cells, ECM
Avascularity- lack of blood vessels
Regeneration- cellular division of stem cells
*Higher rates of cell division/replacement
Polarity- apical/basal/lateral surfaces

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2
Q

Avascularity

A

The condition of having no blood vessels or blood flow

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3
Q

Apical surface

A

The top side of the cell facing the exposed surface, lumen, or environment

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4
Q

Basal surface

A

The bottom side of a cell attached to the basement membrane

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5
Q

Basement membrane

A

A thin membrane separating epithelial tissue from underlying tissue.

Made of basal lamina and reticular lamina.

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6
Q

Basal lamina

A

The superficial layer of the basement membrane

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7
Q

Reticular lamina

A

The deep layer of the basement membrane

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8
Q

Lateral surface

A

The side of a cell where cellular junctions are commonly found

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9
Q

Germinative (basale) cells

A

Cells that are actively dividing to regenerate lost or damaged surface cells

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10
Q

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Internal/external protection from abrasion, dehydration, and chemical/biological destruction.

Control permeability through absorption, exchange, secretion, excretion, filtration

Secretion (glandular cells)

Sensation (neuroepithelium) through smell, taste, vision, hearing

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11
Q

Neuroepithelium

A

Specialized epithelia that function as receptors for special senses (smell, taste, vision, hearing)

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12
Q

Where is epithelial tissue located?

A

Faces exposed surfaces or lumens,

Lines internal passageways, canals, chambers, cavities, ducts,

Forms glands

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13
Q

Glandular (gland) cells

A

Cells that produce secretions.

Can be scattered among other cell types or make up most/all of the epithelia

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14
Q

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

Covering and lining epithelium, and glandular epithelium

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15
Q

Covering and lining epithelium

A

Epithelia that cover or line internal/external surfaces and lumens

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16
Q

Lumen

A

The cavity of a tubular organ

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17
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Epithelia that form glands

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18
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Ex. Pituitary gland, thyroid gland

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19
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Glands with ducts that secrete materials from the gland to the surface

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20
Q

Merocrine secretion

A

The most common type of secretion in which the cell remains intact and is released through exocytosis

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21
Q

What are examples of merocrine secretion?

A

Sweat glands, salivary glands, exocrine glands of the pancreas

22
Q

Apocrine secretion

A

A type of secretion produced in the Golgi apparatus in which a portion of the cell pinches off and breaks down

23
Q

What is an example of apocrine secretion?

A

Mammary glands

24
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

A type of secretion in which the cell bursts

25
Q

What is an example of holocrine secretion?

A

Sebaceous glands

26
Q

Unicellular glands

A

Glands made up of independent, scattered gland cells among the epithelia

27
Q

What is the only unicellular exocrine gland?

A

Goblet cells

28
Q

Multicellular glands

A

Glands with multiple cells named by their shapes

29
Q

If the duct of a gland is undivided, what do we call it?

A

Simple

30
Q

If the duct of a gland is divided, what do we call it?

A

Compound

31
Q

If the shape of the secretory portion of a gland is tube-like, what do we call it?

A

Tubular

32
Q

If the shape of the secretory portion of a gland is round, what do we call it?

A

Alveolar or acinar

33
Q

If there are several secretory areas sharing a single duct, what do we call it?

A

Branched

34
Q

What is an example of a simple coiled tubular gland?

A

Merocrine sweat glands

35
Q

What is an example of a simple branched alveolar gland?

A

Sebaceous glands

36
Q

What is an example of a compound alveolar gland?

A

Mammary glands

37
Q

What is an example of a compound tubuloalveolar gland?

A

Salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages, pancreas

38
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium ciliated?

A

Bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterine tubes, uterus.

39
Q

Where is simple columnar epithelium non-ciliated?

A

Lining of stomach, intestine, gallbladder

40
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium nonkeratinized?

A

Lining of: mouth, throat, esophagus, rectum, anus, vagina

Moist areas

41
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium keratinized?

A

Skin surface

Dry areas

42
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar ciliated?

A

Trachea, bronchi of lungs, larynx, nasal cavity, auditory tubes

43
Q

Cilia

A

Hair-like projections that aid in movement

44
Q

Microvilli

A

Finger-like projections that add surface area to a cell

45
Q

What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Reduce friction, control vessel permeability, absorption, secretion

46
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

Protection, secretion, absorption

47
Q

What is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion

48
Q

What is the function of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection, secretion, move mucous with cilia

50
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

Protection, absorption, secretion

51
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection

52
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

Expansion and recoil after stretching

53
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium? (Keratonized or non)

A

Physical protection against abrasion/pathogens/chemical attacks

BIOL 223 Lecture (26 decks)

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