MIDTERMS ANTINEOPLASTICS Flashcards
which are designed to fight neoplasms, or cancers
antineoplastic agents
loss of cellular differentiation and organization, which leads to a loss of their ability
to function normally
anaplasia
growing without the usual
homeostatic restrictions that regulate cell growth and control
autonomy
abnormal cells release enzymes that generate blood vessels TERM
angiogenesis
tumors that originate
in epithelial cells
carcinomas
tumors that originate in the mesenchyme and are made up of embryonic connective tissue cells
sarcomas
percentage of cells is
killed after each dose of chemotherapy
Cell kill theory
most useful in the treatment of slow-growing cancers, which have many cells in
the resting phase
Alkylating Agents
Alkylating agents produce their cytotoxic effects by reacting chemically with
portions of the
RNA, DNA, or other cellular proteins
drugs are most useful in the treatment of slow-growing cancers such as various lymphomas, leukemias, myelomas; some ovarian, testicular, and breast cancers; and some pancreatic cancers.
Alkylating agents
a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) drug that preserves
healthy cells from the toxic effects of cisplatin
Amifostine
a cytoprotective agent that is used to reduce the
incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by ifosfamide
Mesna
approved for the treatment of extravasation
resulting from IV antineoplastic antibiotic chemotherapy.
Dexrazoxane
inhibits the enzyme that allows the conversion of purines to uric acid, which is toxic to the body
Allopurinol
approved for the management of plasma uric
acid levels in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor
malignancies
Rasburicase
drugs that have chemical structures necessary for the growth and division of rapidly growing neoplastic cells and normal cells.
Antimetabolites
inhibit DNA production in cells that depend on certain
natural metabolites to produce their DNA
Antimetabolites
They are most effective in rapidly dividing cells, preventing cell replication, and leading to cell death
Antimetabolites
Treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma, Inhibits folic acid reductase
Methotrexate
an active form of folic acid that is used to “rescue”
normal cells from the adverse effects of methotrexate therapy
Leucovorin
are cytotoxic and interfere with cellular DNA synthesis by inserting themselves between base pairs in the DNA chain.
antineoplastic antibiotics
Pharmacokinetics: antineoplastic antibiotics
not absorbed well from the GI tract
given IV or injected into specific sites
metabolized in the liver
and excreted in the urine at various rates.
cardioprotective drug that interferes with the cardiotoxic effects of
doxorubicin.
Dexrazoxane
produce regression in acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
Doxorubicin
drugs that kill cells as the process of mitosis begins
Mitotic Inhibitors
These drugs are used for the treatment of a variety of tumors
and leukemias
mitotic inhibitors
Indications: Acute leukemia, Hodgkin disease
Vincristine
used to block the release of gonadotropic hormones in breast or prostate cancer
Hormones and Hormone Modulators
are receptor site specific or hormone specific to block the stimulation of growing cancer cells that are sensitive to the presence of that hormone
hormones and hormone modulators
If hormones and hormone modulators are taken with _______,
there is often an increased risk of bleeding.
oral anticoagulants
Treatment of metastatic breast cancer
Tamoxifen
act on specific enzymes that are needed for protein building by specific tumor cells. Blocking these enzymes inhibits tumor cell growth and division
The protein kinase inhibitors
an oral antineoplastic drug, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that
selectively inhibits the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase
Imatinib
