MIDTERMS ANTINEOPLASTICS Flashcards
which are designed to fight neoplasms, or cancers
antineoplastic agents
loss of cellular differentiation and organization, which leads to a loss of their ability
to function normally
anaplasia
growing without the usual
homeostatic restrictions that regulate cell growth and control
autonomy
abnormal cells release enzymes that generate blood vessels TERM
angiogenesis
tumors that originate
in epithelial cells
carcinomas
tumors that originate in the mesenchyme and are made up of embryonic connective tissue cells
sarcomas
percentage of cells is
killed after each dose of chemotherapy
Cell kill theory
most useful in the treatment of slow-growing cancers, which have many cells in
the resting phase
Alkylating Agents
Alkylating agents produce their cytotoxic effects by reacting chemically with
portions of the
RNA, DNA, or other cellular proteins
drugs are most useful in the treatment of slow-growing cancers such as various lymphomas, leukemias, myelomas; some ovarian, testicular, and breast cancers; and some pancreatic cancers.
Alkylating agents
a cytoprotective (cell-protecting) drug that preserves
healthy cells from the toxic effects of cisplatin
Amifostine
a cytoprotective agent that is used to reduce the
incidence of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by ifosfamide
Mesna
approved for the treatment of extravasation
resulting from IV antineoplastic antibiotic chemotherapy.
Dexrazoxane
inhibits the enzyme that allows the conversion of purines to uric acid, which is toxic to the body
Allopurinol
approved for the management of plasma uric
acid levels in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and solid tumor
malignancies
Rasburicase
drugs that have chemical structures necessary for the growth and division of rapidly growing neoplastic cells and normal cells.
Antimetabolites
inhibit DNA production in cells that depend on certain
natural metabolites to produce their DNA
Antimetabolites
They are most effective in rapidly dividing cells, preventing cell replication, and leading to cell death
Antimetabolites
Treatment of gestational choriocarcinoma, Inhibits folic acid reductase
Methotrexate
an active form of folic acid that is used to “rescue”
normal cells from the adverse effects of methotrexate therapy
Leucovorin
are cytotoxic and interfere with cellular DNA synthesis by inserting themselves between base pairs in the DNA chain.
antineoplastic antibiotics
Pharmacokinetics: antineoplastic antibiotics
not absorbed well from the GI tract
given IV or injected into specific sites
metabolized in the liver
and excreted in the urine at various rates.
cardioprotective drug that interferes with the cardiotoxic effects of
doxorubicin.
Dexrazoxane
produce regression in acute lymphoblastic lymphoma
Doxorubicin
