MIDTERM ANTIPROTOZOAL Flashcards
caused by intestinal invasion of the trophozoite stage of the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica
amebiasis
mosquito that is essential to the life cycle of Plasmodium
Anopheles mosquito
syndrome of quinine toxicity
nausea,
vomiting, tinnitus, and vertigo
cinchonism
protozoal intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea
giardiasis
skin, mucous membrane, or visceral infection caused by a protozoan passed to humans by the bites of sand flies
leishmaniasis
protozoan that causes malaria in humans
Plasmodium
opportunistic infection that occurs when the immune system is depressed;
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
African sleeping sickness
trypanosomiasis
a developing stage of a parasite, which uses the host for essential nutrients needed for growth
trophozoite
ANTIMALARIALS
chloroquine
mefloquine
primaquine
pyrimethamine
quinine
Four protozoal parasites s causes of malaria
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium ovale
the most dangerous type of
protozoan.
Plasmodium falciparum
causes a milder form of the disease
vivax
rarely seen, seems to be in the process of
being eradicated.
ovale
acting against the red blood cell phase of the life cycle)
schizonticidal
acting against the gametocytes
gametocytocidal
acting against the parasites that are developing in the mosquito
sporontocidal
first drug found to be
effective in the treatment of malaria
Quinine
They are indicated for the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria
when chloroquine resistance has been reported
combine atovaquone and proguanil.
the mainstay of antimalarial therapy for infections
Chloroquine
a combination
therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated or severe malaria caused by
chloroquine-resistant strains
quinine and one of the following antibiotics
doxycycline
tetracycline
clindamycin
increases the acidity of plasmodial food vacuoles, causing cell
rupture and death.
Mefloquine
very old drug for treating malaria, similar to quinine,
disrupts the mitochondria of the Plasmodium.
causes death of
gametocytes and exoerythrocytic
Primaquine
used in combination with agents that act more rapidly
acts by blocking the use of folic acid in protein
synthesis by the Plasmodium
Pyrimethamine
inhibits nucleic acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and glycolysis in P. falciparum.
treat uncomplicated malaria
Quinine
Pharmacokinetics: rapidly absorbed from the GI tract, with peak serum levels
occurring in 1 to 3 hours
Quinine
adverse effects of antimalarial agents
Central nervous system (CNS) effects
Immune reaction effects
GI tract and the effects on CNS control
Increased bone marrow suppression may occur if ____ are combined with pyrimethamine
antifolate drugs
Treatment and prophylaxis of acute attacks of malaria
Chloroquine
used to treat amebiasis
metronidazole and chloroquine
a disease caused by a protozoan that is passed from sand
flies to humans
Leishmaniasis
sand fly injects an asexual form of this flagellated
protozoan, called
promastigote
caused by another flagellated protozoan,
This infection is
usually spread during sexual intercourse
Trichomoniasis
Pharmacokinetics: available only as an oral suspension and is slowly absorbed
and highly protein bound in circulation
Atovaquone
Pharmacokinetics: available orally for children with Chagas disease
Benznidazole
Pharmacokinetics: is readily absorbed through the lungs
Pentamidine
Drug–Drug Interactions:
can lead to increased bleeding
Metronidazole and
tinidazole
