MIDTERM ANTIHELMINTH Flashcards
ANTHELMINTICS DRUGS
albendazole
ivermectin
mebendazole
praziquantel
pyrantel
worms cause
diseases that range in severity from mild to potentially fatal
Nematodes
y transmitted when the worm eggs are ingested, either by transfer by touching the eggs
Pinworms
remain in the intestine, cause little discomfort ; itchings
Pinworms
transmitted when eggs found in the soil are ingested. attach to the wall of the colon. In large numbers, they cause
colic and bloody diarrhea
Whipworms
are transmitted as larvae found in the soil and
inadvertently ingested ; liver abscess
more damage to humans than most of the other
helminths
Threadworms
most prevalent helminthic infection. occur wherever sanitation is poor. Eggs in the soil are ingested with
vegetables or other improperly washed foods.
cough fever pain
Ascaris
found in the soil, where they hatch into a larva thatmolts
worms suck blood
from the walls of the intestine,
severe anemia
Hookworm
segmented flatworms enter the body as
larvae that are found in undercooked meat or fish
live in intestine; weight loss distention
Cestodes
disease caused by ingestion of the encysted larvae of the
roundworm Trichinella spiralis, in undercooked pork
Trichinosis
infection of the blood and tissues by worm embryos,
severe swelling
Filariasis
platyhelminthic infection by a fluke that is
carried by a snail
Schistosomiasis
treatment of active lesions; porkworms
albendazole
treatment of threadworm ;river blindness
ivermectin
treatment for pinworms, whipworms, hook
mebendazolle
treatment of schistosomes/flukes
praziquantel
toxic drugs—
should be avoided in children
albendazole, ivermectin, and praziquantel
Pharmacokinetics: available in the form of a chewable tablet, and a typical 3-
day course Antihelminth:
Mebendazole
Pharmacokinetics: poorly absorbed from the GI tract, reaching peak plasma
levels in about 5 hours Antihelminth:
Albendazole
Pharmacokinetics: taken in a series of three oral doses
Praziquantel
poorly absorbed, and most of the drug is excreted unchanged
in the feces
Pyrantel
Adverse Effects: not absorbed systemically, may cause abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, or pain
Mebendazole and pyrantel
Adverse Effects: Renal failure and severe bone marrow depression are associated with
albendazole
The effects of albendazole, which are already severe, may increase if the drug
is combined with
dexamethasone, praziquantel, or cimetidine. T
