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Hematology > Midterm I > Flashcards

Midterm I Flashcards

1
Q

reticulocyte count

A

reticulocyte count (Hb/Hbideal) x 0.5

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2
Q

absolute reticulocyte index

A

reticulocyte % (RBC)

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3
Q

supravital staining

A

reticulocyte with RNA

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4
Q

wright giemsa stain

A

polychromatic cell

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5
Q

what are the 7 components of CBC?

A 
RBC
Hemoglobin 
RDW
MCV
MCHC
MCH
Hemocrit
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6
Q

What are the 3 components of the CBC that are directly measured?

A

RBC
Hemoglobin
MCV

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7
Q

Bohr effect favors which confirmation T or R?

A

T deoxy state

HbO2 + H+ –> HbH + O2

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8
Q

what four molecules competitively compete for Hb?

A

CN
H2S
CO2
NO2

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9
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3

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10
Q

three causes for transfusion

A
  1. hypoproliferative anemia
  2. cardiac disease
  3. anemic patient going into surgery
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11
Q

myoglobin is what percentage alpha

A

80%

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12
Q

heme is ____ bound to polypeptide

A

covalently

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13
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema, high altitude, pregnancy, and chronic anemia have what in common?

A

increased levels of 2, 3 DPG

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14
Q

hereditary methemoglobinemia

A
  1. mutations in the pentose phosphate pathway especially G6P deficiency
  2. glutathione usually removes reactive oxygen species therefore preventing MetHbFe3+ from forming
  3. reduction in cytochrome b5 reductase
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15
Q

lineage specific growth factors

A 
effect progenitor cells 
Il-5 
m- csf
g-csf 
EPO 
TPO
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16
Q

non-lineage specific growth factors

A

Il-3

GM-CSF

17
Q

progenitor cells

A

myeloid and lymphoid cells

18
Q

normal bone marrow has ____ fat cells

A

50 %

19
Q

normal bone marrow has what ratio of myeloid to erythroid

A

3:1

20
Q

target cells

A 
HALT - dont shoot 
H Hbc
A after splenectomy 
L liver disease 
T thalassemia
21
Q

hydroxyurea (6 effects)

A
  • used to treat sickle cell anemia
    1. increases baseline hemoglobin
    2. decreases frequency of painful crises
    3. decreases frequency of acute chest syndrome
    4. decreases mortality
    5. decreases the likelihood of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (however once it has developed it can be treated)
    6. in children may decrease stroke, prevent splenic dysfunction, improve growth and development
22
Q

two causes of iron overload in patients with sickle cell

A
  1. increased absorption in the gut

2. transfusions

23
Q

effects of iron overload

A

multi-organ failure (HHLP)

  1. h heart failure
  2. h hypogonadism
  3. l liver failure
  4. p pancreatic failure
24
Q

beta thalassemia can lead to what six symptoms

A
  1. frontal bossing and bony deformities that can lead to fractures
  2. anemia
  3. splenomegaly
  4. iron overload
  5. decreased erythropoiesis –> intramedullary hemolysis
  6. hemolysis- destruction of RBC
25
Q

B thalassemia minor and major will have what factor increased on gel electrophoresis; B thalassemia major will differ in which factor

A

HbA2; decreased HbA

26
Q

phagophagia

A

symptom of iron deficiency where you have the craving to bite ice

27
Q

before splenectomy?

A 
Vaccinate - encapsulated organisms (NIMS)
Neisseria
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus Influenzae
Meneghinites
28
Q

Overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis

A

rare side effect of splenectomy even if the patient was vaccinated before the procedure

29
Q

coombs would be used to diagnose

A

warm and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia

30
Q

osmotic fragility test would be used to diagnose

A

hereditary spherocytosis

31
Q
  1. Which best describes the general morphological characteristics of normal blood cell maturation?
A
  1. Nucleus becomes more basophilic
32
Q

megakaryoctyes produce platelets from ?

A

membrane and protein

33
Q

what cells are not a product of the CFU-GEMM?

A

lymphocytes

34
Q

schilling test

A
  • test used for B12 deficiency
  • if there is lack of intrinsic factor or malnutrition leading to B12 deficiency then there is no fluorescent molecule present in the urine; when given with glycoprotein and there is fluorescent molecule in the urine then there is a lack of intrinsic factor
35
Q

pernicious anemia

A

results from autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells, causing megaloblastic anemia due to decreased B12 absorption

Hematology (23 decks)

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