Midterm I Flashcards
reticulocyte count
reticulocyte count (Hb/Hbideal) x 0.5
absolute reticulocyte index
reticulocyte % (RBC)
supravital staining
reticulocyte with RNA
wright giemsa stain
polychromatic cell
what are the 7 components of CBC?
RBC Hemoglobin RDW MCV MCHC MCH Hemocrit
What are the 3 components of the CBC that are directly measured?
RBC
Hemoglobin
MCV
Bohr effect favors which confirmation T or R?
T deoxy state
HbO2 + H+ –> HbH + O2
what four molecules competitively compete for Hb?
CN
H2S
CO2
NO2
carbonic anhydrase
CO2 + H2O –> H2CO3
three causes for transfusion
- hypoproliferative anemia
- cardiac disease
- anemic patient going into surgery
myoglobin is what percentage alpha
80%
heme is ____ bound to polypeptide
covalently
chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema, high altitude, pregnancy, and chronic anemia have what in common?
increased levels of 2, 3 DPG
hereditary methemoglobinemia
- mutations in the pentose phosphate pathway especially G6P deficiency
- glutathione usually removes reactive oxygen species therefore preventing MetHbFe3+ from forming
- reduction in cytochrome b5 reductase
lineage specific growth factors
effect progenitor cells Il-5 m- csf g-csf EPO TPO
non-lineage specific growth factors
Il-3
GM-CSF
progenitor cells
myeloid and lymphoid cells
normal bone marrow has ____ fat cells
50 %
normal bone marrow has what ratio of myeloid to erythroid
3:1
target cells
HALT - dont shoot H Hbc A after splenectomy L liver disease T thalassemia
hydroxyurea (6 effects)
- used to treat sickle cell anemia
1. increases baseline hemoglobin
2. decreases frequency of painful crises
3. decreases frequency of acute chest syndrome
4. decreases mortality
5. decreases the likelihood of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (however once it has developed it can be treated)
6. in children may decrease stroke, prevent splenic dysfunction, improve growth and development
two causes of iron overload in patients with sickle cell
- increased absorption in the gut
2. transfusions
effects of iron overload
multi-organ failure (HHLP)
- h heart failure
- h hypogonadism
- l liver failure
- p pancreatic failure
beta thalassemia can lead to what six symptoms
- frontal bossing and bony deformities that can lead to fractures
- anemia
- splenomegaly
- iron overload
- decreased erythropoiesis –> intramedullary hemolysis
- hemolysis- destruction of RBC
B thalassemia minor and major will have what factor increased on gel electrophoresis; B thalassemia major will differ in which factor
HbA2; decreased HbA
phagophagia
symptom of iron deficiency where you have the craving to bite ice
before splenectomy?
Vaccinate - encapsulated organisms (NIMS) Neisseria Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus Influenzae Meneghinites
Overwhelming post splenectomy sepsis
rare side effect of splenectomy even if the patient was vaccinated before the procedure
coombs would be used to diagnose
warm and cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
osmotic fragility test would be used to diagnose
hereditary spherocytosis
- Which best describes the general morphological characteristics of normal blood cell maturation?
- Nucleus becomes more basophilic
megakaryoctyes produce platelets from ?
membrane and protein
what cells are not a product of the CFU-GEMM?
lymphocytes
schilling test
- test used for B12 deficiency
- if there is lack of intrinsic factor or malnutrition leading to B12 deficiency then there is no fluorescent molecule present in the urine; when given with glycoprotein and there is fluorescent molecule in the urine then there is a lack of intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia
results from autoantibodies against gastric parietal cells, causing megaloblastic anemia due to decreased B12 absorption
