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Hematology > chemotherapy agents > Flashcards

chemotherapy agents Flashcards

1
Q

non-specific chemotherapy drug category

A
  1. nitrosource
  2. alkylating agents
  3. anthracyclines
  4. platinum agents
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2
Q

specific chemotherapy drug category

A
  1. folate antagonist
  2. purine antagonist
  3. pyrimidine analogues
  4. microtubule targeting agents
  5. topoisomerase inhibitors
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3
Q

folate antagonist

A

methotrexate

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4
Q

alkylating agents

A
  1. cyclophosphamide

2. ifosfamide

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5
Q

______ metabolite from alkylating agent can cause bladder irritation

A

acrolein

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6
Q

what is administered with alkylating agents if acrolein metabolite occurs?

A

mesna

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7
Q

is ifosfamide or cyclophosphamide more toxic when it comes to acrolein?

A

ifosfamide

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8
Q

what are toxicities of alkylating agents?

A
  1. myelosuppression
  2. hemorrhage cystitis- buildup of metoblites ex. acrolein
  3. infertility
  4. nausea / vomiting
  5. secondary malignancy
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9
Q

nitrosource is known as the ____ and was developed from WWII mustard gas

A

first chemotherapy agent

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10
Q

what are two drugs that are considered nitrosource chemotherapy drugs?

A

CARLO was a man who fought during the MUSTy WWII

  1. CARmustine
  2. LOmustine
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11
Q

what are the toxicities of nitrosource?

A
  1. nausea and vomiting
  2. myelosuppression
  3. phlebitis
  4. pulmonary issues
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12
Q

what are the the three drugs listed as anthracyclines?

A

anthracycylines are a CYCLE of RUBs to kill of that cancer “rubicin”

  1. doxorubicin
  2. daunorubicin
  3. idarubicin
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13
Q

what major side effects do anthracyclines cause?

A
  1. dose dependent biventricular heart failure

2. extraversion rash and blisters if the IV is not paced in the vein and anthracycline spills into the peripheral tissue

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14
Q

What are three platinum agents?

A

“platin”

  1. cisplatin
  2. carboplatin
  3. oxliplatin
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15
Q

cisplatin side effect

A

nausea and vomiting

nephrotoxic

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16
Q

carboplatin side effect

A

thrombocytopenia

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17
Q

oxliplatin

A

cold sensitivity, peripheral neuropathies and numbness

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18
Q

murine monoclonal antibodies

A
  • onab
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19
Q

chimeric antibodies

A
  • imab
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20
Q

humanized antibodies

A
  • umab
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21
Q

human antibodes

A
  • mumab
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22
Q

what is more toxic for humans humanized, human, murine, or chimeric monoclonal antibodies?

A

less human = worse side effects

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23
Q

Ipilimumab

A

immunotherapy agent that inhibits CTLA4 therefore preventing the inhibition of T cells in cancer patients

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24
Q

Imatinib

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitor stops the ATP from binding and phosphorylating

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25
Q

What is seen in the patient as a reaction to taking imatinib?

A

acneiform rash

26
Q

how does methotrexate work?

A

binds DHFR

27
Q

toxicities of methotrexate

A

myelosuppresion and mucositis

28
Q

side effect of bleomycin?

A

pulmonary

29
Q

breast cancer treatments

A
  1. anti-estrogen

2. aromatase inhibitor

30
Q

prostate cancer treatments

A
  1. antiandrogens
  2. LHRH agonists
  3. GnRH
  4. CYP17
31
Q

rituximab’s target

A

CD20

32
Q

rituximab is used in the treatment of

A

lymphoma

33
Q

trastuzumab targets

A

HER-2

34
Q

trastuzumab is used for the treatment of

A

breast cancer

35
Q

bevacizumab targets

A

VEGF-R

36
Q

bevacizumab is used for the treatment of

A

colorectal cancer and lung cancer

37
Q

bevacizumab toxicities

A

GI perforation and proteinuria

38
Q

cetuximab targets

A

EGFR

39
Q

cetuximab is used for the treatment of

A

colorectal cancer

40
Q

cetuximab toxicity

A

hypersensitivity - acneiform rash

41
Q

topoisomerase I inhibitors

A

camptothecins (topotecan and irinotecan)

42
Q

camptothecins (topotecan and irinotecan) toxicity

A

diarrhea and myelosuppression

43
Q

topoisomerase II inhibitor

A

etoposide

44
Q

etoposide toxicities

A
  1. secondary malignancies
  2. high doses can cause hypotension
  3. dose dependent mucositis
  4. myelosuppresion
45
Q

microtubule targeting agent examples

A
  1. Vinca alkaloids

2. Taxanes

46
Q

vinca alkaloids and taxanes inhibit what phase of the cell cycle ?

A

M phase

47
Q

Vinca Alkaloid toxicity

A
  • fatal if administered intrathecally
  • neurotoxicity
  • myelosuppression
48
Q

two types of taxanes

A

paclitaxel and docetaxel

49
Q

taxanes toxicity

A
  1. hypersensitivity due to vehicle tween80
  2. myelosuppresion
  3. peripheral neuropathies
50
Q

antimetabolites interfere with which phase of the cell cycle

A

S phase

51
Q

antimetabolite purpose

A

interfere with DNA replication

52
Q

antimetabolites are similar to compounds needed for

A

normal cell function

53
Q

alkylating agents _____ _____ base pairs

A

directly crosslink

54
Q

purine antagonist

A

6 mercaptopurine (6-MP)

55
Q

6 mercaptopurine (6-MP) toxicity

A

myelopsuppresion

56
Q

name three pyrimidine analogues

A
  1. fluorouracil
  2. capecitabine
  3. cytarabine
57
Q

Cytarabine toxicities

A
  • Cerebellar toxicity – nurses will give neuro exam before administering
  • Conjunctivitis – because the drug gets secreted in the tear drug
58
Q

Capecitabine toxicities

A

oral fluorouracial prodrug

• Hand and foot syndrome side effect

59
Q

flurouracil is usually given with _____ as a potentiation drug

A

leucovorin

60
Q

flurouracil has _______ toxicities

A

dose dependent

61
Q

flurouracil IV has what toxicities

A

GI mucositis diarrhea

62
Q

flurouracil bolus has what toxicities

A

myelopsuppression

Hematology (23 decks)

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