Midterm Flashcards
What influences policy makers? List.
Laws
Regulations
Policies
Community:
A group of ____ located in a particular ____ who have shared _____ and ___ within a ____ ____.
people space values interact social system
Parts of community: \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ in \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ interaction shared \_\_\_
People
Location in space
Social interaction
Shared values
Community Nutrition/Public Health Nutrition:
-_____ that strives to prevent _____ and to improve the ____, ____, and ___-___ of individuals and groups within _____.
Discipline diseases health nutrition well-being communities
People:
-Those who are ____ by and ____ from _____ ____ programs
served
benefit
community
nutrition
Policy:
Course of ____ chosen by ____ ____ to ____ a ___ ____.
action public authorities address problem
Policy:
-What _____ and _____ intend to accomplish through their ___, ____, and ____.
governments
organizations
laws, regulations, and programs
Nutrition Policy:
-The _____ ____ for ____ are the cornerstone of Federal nutrition policy and ___ _____ activities.
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
nutrition education
Nutrition Policy: Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Issued and updated every ____ years by the ____ of ____ (____) and the ___ of ____ and ___ ____. (___).
5
Department of Agriculture USDA
Department of Health and Human Services
Dietary Guidelines for Americans:
Intended for Americans ages __ years and over, including those at increased ___ of ____ ____.
2
risk of chronic disease
Dietary Guidelines for Americans:
The Guidelines are focused on ____ and _____ that help achieve and maintain a
healthy ____, promote ____, and prevent ____.
foods beverages weight health disease
Dietary Guidelines for Americans:
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans are the ___ edition released since ___ and remain the current edition until the ___ Dietary Guidelines for Americans are released.
7th
1980
2015
Myplate:
MyPlate is a ___ used to ___ the ___ ___.
tool
interpret
Dietary Guidelines
Myplate goals:
- Build a ____ ____.
- Cut back on foods high in ___ ___, added ___, and ___
- Eat the right amount of _____ for ___
- Be ____ ____ your way
healthy plate solid fats sugars salt calories you physically active
Programs:
Instruments used by ___ ____ to seek ___ ____ that improve ____ ____ and ___.
community nutritionists
behavior changes
nutritional status
health
Public Health:
Organized effort by ____ to:
____ ,____, ___ the ____ of people through the application of ____, ___ ____, and ___ ___.
society protect, promote restore health science practical skills collective action
Promote Health:
WHO definition of health
“state of complete ____, ____, and ___ well-being, not merely the ___ of ___”
physical, mental, and social
absence
disease
Community Nutrition Practices:
For the purposes of this class ___ __ ___ is the same thing as community nutrition.
public health nutrition
The Community Nutritionist:
Identifies the ___ of the ___ and puts into place a ___ or ___ designed to ___ that ____.
need community program service meet need
Entrepreneurship: -\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_ The entrepreneur: -\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_ -\_\_\_ -\_\_\_
Creativity innovation Enterpriser Innovator Initiator Promoter Coordinator
Entrepreneur:
One who ____ the risk of a ___ or ____
undertakes
risk
business
enterprise
Leading Indicators of Change:
- An ___ population
- Generational ___
- Increasing demands for ____ and ___ ___ services
- Increased ___ diversity
- Challenges of the ___-___-___ lifestyle
- Increasing awareness of ___ ___ issues
- ___ ___ ___ for Public Health
aging diversity nutrition health care ethnic twenty-first-century environmental nutrition Global Environmental Challenges
Community Needs Assessment: A process that:
- Evaluates the ___ and ___ status of the ___
- Determines the ___ of the community and -___ where needs are not being ___.
- Determines resources ___ to address community needs.
health nutritional community needs examines met available
Additional Names for a Community Needs Assessment:
- Community ___ and ___.
- ___ ____ planning
- ____
analysis and diagnosis
health education planning
mapping
Why Conduct a Community Needs Assessment?
- Need for new ___ on a community’s ___ and ___ status
- Mandated by a ___ agency
- New ____ findings and ___ of a ___
- ___ available to ____ the community
data health nutritional government research awareness problem money examine
Steps in a Community Needs Assessment:
- ___ the ____ problem
- ___ the ____ of the _____
- ___ the ____
- ___ and ___ the ___
- ___ the ___ of the ___
- __ ___
- ___ a __ of ___
Define, nutritional, problem set, parameters, assessment collect, data analyze, interpret, data share, findings, assessment set priorities choose, plan, action
Secondary data - data collected by ___ ___ and available in a database
Primary data – new data ___ collect ___
someone else
database
you yourself
Goals = broad ___ or ____that indicates what the ____ intends to ____.
statement or statements
assessment
accomplish
Objective = statements of ___ and ___ needed to reach a ___.
Each objective states a ___ ___.
Specify the types of ___ needed (depends upon the ___, ___, and ___)
outcomes activities goal single purpose data purpose, goals & objectives
A community needs assessment should contains strong “____” verbs such as ___, ___, ___ (NOT ___ verbs such as ____, ____, etc.)
assessment identify describe count change increase improve
Step 3: Collect Data Types of data: 1. Qualitative (\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_) - Key \_\_\_\_ -\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Quantitative -\_\_\_\_ data
___, ____, and ____ characteristics
opinions & insights informants stakeholders numerical Community, environmental, & socioeconomic
Incidence:
The ____ of new ___ during a ___ ___ period in a ___ ____.
number
cases
specific time
defined population
Prevalence:
The ___ of __ ___ of a ____ or other ___ in a ___ ___.
number existing cases disease condition given population
Step 6: Set Priorities
- Who is to get ___ at ___ ____?
- Which ___ ____ is most important?
The health outcome is the __ of an ___ on the health and ___-____ of an individual or population.
what whose expense health outcome effect intervention health well-being
Set priorities:
- _____ priorities, ____, and ___ should be given priority.
- Higher priority should be given to ___ ___ rather than __ ___.
- Higher priority should be given to ___ ___ rather than __ ___ ones
Community preferences concerns common problems rare ones serious problems less serious
Set priorities:
- The health problems of ___ and ___ that can easily be ____ should have a higher priority than those that are __ ___ to prevent.
- Higher priority should be given to health problems whose ____ are ____ over time than to those whose frequencies are ___ or remaining ____.
mothers and children prevented more difficult frequencies increasing declining static
Types of Data to collect?
- Individual ___ ___
- ____ patterns
- ____ conditions
- ___ ____
lifestyle factors
dietary
working
social networks
Survey:
- A ____ study of a ___ ____ of individuals who represent the __ ___ (a sample)
- Can collect ___ or ____ information
- Administered as a ___ questionnaire or as a ___, ____ interview by ___, by ___, or __-__.
systematic cross section target population quantitative or qualitative paper formal structured telephone, by mail, or on-line
Nutritional Survey:
- Must have a ___-___ purpose
- ___ for the ___.
- Should be ____ and __-___before use
- Administered in a structured manner using a ___ ___.
well-defined Appropriate sample designed pre-tested standard protocol
Readability:
- ____ Readability Scale
- ____ Readability ___
SMOG
Word
scale
Administration of the Survey:
- Person or persons conducting the survey must be ___.
- Conducted using a ___ ___.
trained
standard protocol
Screening:
An important ___ ___ activity designed to ___, ___, or ___ the ____ of a disease by ____ it as soon as possible
preventive health
reverse, retard, halt
progress
detecting
Screenings:
Settings:
- ___ practice
- ___ settings
Procedures
- ____
- ___
- ____
Clinical Community safe simple inexpensive
Focus Group Interviews:
- Brings together a group (typically __-__) to talk about ____, ____, ___, or ___ (lasts __-__ hours).
- Obtain ___ and ____, information about key ____, and ___.
- Conducted by a ___ ___
- Provide ___ ___.
5-12 concerns, experiences beliefs problems 1-3 advice and insights variables opinions trained moderator qualitative data
Interview with Key Informants:
-Speak with people “__ __ __” about the target population or the community
in the know
Direct Assessment of Nutritional Health Status:
ABCD
- ____
- ___
- ___
- ___
Anthropometric
Biochemical
Clinical
Dietary
Anthropometric Measures:
- ___, ____, ___, __ ___
- BMI = ___ in __/___ in ___
height
weight
BMI
BMI percentile
weight kg/ht2
meters
Waist circumference (adults)
NHLBI recommendations for high risk
> ___ inches (> 102 cm) for men
> ___ inches (> 88 cm) for women
40
35
Biochemical or Laboratory Methods:
Identify individuals at risk for nutrient deficiencies
- Examine ___ ___ stores
- Examine level in ___ ___
- Measure ___-____ ____
risk nutrient deficiencies reserve tissue body fluids nutrient-dependent enzymes
