Midterm 2 Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is Homophilly
The tendency for people to associate disproportionately with people who are like them
Is behavior contagious
Yes
Define the social influence
The many ways people affect one another including changes in attitudes, beliefs, feelings and behavior resulting from the comments, actions or even the mayor presence of others
What are the types of social influence
Conformity and compliance
What is conformity
Changing one’s behavior or beliefs in response to the explicit or implicit pressures[Real or imagined] from others
What is obedience
Send an unequal power relationship, submitting to the demands of the person in authority
What is compliance
Responding favorably to an explicit request by another person
Is a tendency to conform good or bad
Psychologists in and I will just have argued that a tendency to conform is generally beneficial. We are often well served by doing what others are doing unless we have a good reason not to
What are the two reasons for mimicry
Ideomotor action and to prepare for interacting with others the interaction will go more smoothly if we establish some rapport
what is ideomotor action
The phenomenon whereby merely thinking about a behavior makes performing it more likely
The tendency to automatically adopt the behavior of members of social categories holds true only for who
Those with a positive attitude towards the group in question– that is those who might be expected to want to interact with members of that group and having interaction go well
Do people like being mimicked
People tend to like those who mimic that more than those who do not even when they are unaware of being mimicked
are there cultural differences in mimicry
When the interview mirrored a Hispanic descent the participant reported less anxiety was rated more highly then when there was no mirroring. For Anglo-American participants no difference whether the interviewer their behavior or not
Are we more or less likely to conform to others views on subjects only happened that ideas about
more likely
What is informational social influence
The influence of other people that results from taking comments or actions as a source of information about what is correct, proper or effective
In the case of clear conflict between a person’s own position in the viewpoint of the group is there more or less conformity
Less– people conform even when they thought the group was out of its collective mind
What is normative social influence
The influence of other people that comes from the desire to avoid disapproval and other social sanctions[ridicule, barbs, ostracism]
The largest number of people who expressed particular opinion, the more likely it has merit is there a limit to this
yes, it levels off at some point
What can we can both informational social influence and normative social influence
Thinks differently from the group collective; they do not have to think the same as you but something different from the group
What does anonymity do
Lemonade number two social influence in therefor conformity
What is internalization
Private acceptance of the propositions, orientation or ideology
What is the important distinction between the impact informational and normative social influence
Information on social influence, by guiding how we come to see the issues or stimuli before us, leads to internalization. We didn’t not just mimic a particular response we actually adopt the group perspective. Normative social influence in contrast often has a greater impact on public compliance then on private acceptance; to avoid disapproval and sometimes do or say one thing but continue to believe another AKA hypocrisy
The disapproval of high status individuals can hurt ____ spend the disapproval of people we care less about
more
Do the opinions of higher status individuals tend to carry more and less weight in the group as a whole
More
How does culture impact social influence
People from interdependent cultures might be expected to conform more then those from independent cultures
How does gender play a role into conforming
You might expect women to be more subject to social influence and thus to conform more than men do. However people tend to conform when they are confused by the events unfolding around. And if women are taught to nurture relationships and thus are more likely to be seen as experts in that area, they might have the confidence necessary to resist the influence of majority. The research findings are what we might expect given these two opposing considerations
Women tend to conform more incentive between male domains whereas men tend to conform more conservatively female domains so overall Women and men tend to different conformity only a little
What is the influence of minority opinion and what is influence of majority opinion
Majorities typically solicit more conformity but it is often of the public compliance sort. In contrast minority is typically influenced your people but the nature of the influence is often deeper and result in true private acceptance
What are three approaches that explain why people comply
Reasons based, emotional and because everybody else doing so
What is the norm of reciprocity
Hello I’m dictating that people should provide benefits to those who benefit them
Doing a favor for somebody does what
Creating uninvited debt that the recipient is obligated to repay
Three techniques to get someone to do something for you
Door in the face, that’s not all technique, foot in the door
Define reciprocal concessions technique
A compliance approach that involves asking someone for very large favour that he or she will refuse, then following up with a smaller favor (seen as a concession the target feels compelled to honour); aka the door in the face technique
What is the that’s not all technique
A compliance approach that involves adding something to an original offer, thus creating some pressure to reciprocate
What is the foot in the door technique
The compliance approach that involves making an initial small request with which nearly everybody complies, followed by a larger request involving the real behavior of interest
How does being in a positive mood help to get what you want
Feeling good clearly makes people more likely to agree to requests and generally help others
Why does a positive mood tend to increase compliance
Firstly because Armand colors how we interpret events. We are more likely to view requests for favors as less intrusive and less threatening when we are in a good mood AKA we give others the benefit of the doubt. The second reason is that being in a good mood increases compliance and it involves what’s known as mood maintenance; it feels good to feel good the feeling last as long as possible
Does being in a negative mood make people comply more
What people feel guilty they are often motivated to do whatever they can to get rid of the awful feeling so at least one type of bad mood, centered around feelings of guilt, should increase compliance
What is negative state relief hypothesis
They didn’t let people engage in certain actions, the jazz agreeing to a request, to relieve their negative feelings and feel better about themselves
What are norms based approaches
These approaches to compliance are based on the power of social norms, a appeal to both the mind and the heart
What are the two kinds of norms
Prescriptive and descriptive
What are the descriptive norms
The behavior exhibited by most people in a given context
What are prescriptive norms
The way a person is supposed to behave in a given context; also called injunctive norms
To increase compliance the to norms should be placed how with each other
Should not be placed in conflicts
What makes it easier to hurt people
The more removed we are from others the easier it is to hurt them
What is one way to have authority to lose influence
If they are physically removed then there’s low authority
Which is more effective, make me use your participants to disobey or increased their desire to disobey
Making it easier for them to disobey
What is successful about step-by-step involvement
When you introduce things small doses over time and gradually increase people will do them rather than if you jump to a large thing
