Midterm 2 Chapter 10 Flashcards
How do we satisfy our need for friendship
With a limited number close friends, and once I need to satisfy, we do not continue to seek other relationships. But if the need for long is not satisfied in existing relationships we will seek to satisfy it in other relationships
Did the monkeys preferred a mother that could provide comfort for the one that could provide food
Comfort
What are the two fundamentally different types of relationships
Communal relationship and exchange relationships
What are communal relationships
a relationship in which the individuals feel a special responsibility for one another And give and receive according to the principle of need; such relationships are often long-term
What is the exchange relationship
A relationship in which the individuals feel little responsibility for one another; giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity; such relationships are usually short-term
What is the social exchange theory
The theory based on the idea that how people feel about A relationship depends on their assessments of its costs and rewards
What is comparison level
Expectations about what people think they deserve or expect to get out of the relationship
People have certain standards that influence their evaluation of the rewards and costs in their relationships what are they
Comparison level, comparison level for alternatives, Equity theory
What is comparison level for alternatives
Expectations about what people think they can get out of alternative relationships
What is equity theory
The idea that people are motivated to pursue fairness or equity in their relationships; a relationship is considered equitable when the benefits are proportionate to the effort both people put into it
What is attachment theory
The idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a persons whole life
How does attachment theory impact a persons life
Internal working models of the self reflect individualist beliefs about their lovability and competence. Internal working models of how relationships work reflect individual beliefs about how other people’s availability, warmth, and ability to provide security. These working models originate early in life and shave our relationships from cradle two grave which gives rise to distinct styles of attachment
What are the three attachment types (of of infants)
Secure, avoidance, anxious-ambivalent
What is secure
Relatively easy to get close others and comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me not often worried about being abandoned
What is avoident
Somewhat uncomfortable being close difficult to trust them completely or allow need to depend on them nervous when anybody gets close
What is anxious-ambivalent
Constantly worrying about abandonment Brothers are reluctant to get as close to me etc
The two dimensions that have been shown to capture most of the variation in attachment are referred to as what
Anxiety and avoidance
What is the anxiety dimension of attachment
A facet of attachment that captures The degree to which a person is worried about rejection and abandonment by relationship partners
What is the avoidance the dimension of attachment
A facet of attachment that catches The degree to which a person is comfortable with intimacy and dependence on relationship partners
You might expect that a secure attachment styles would predict more positive life outcomes is this true
Yes
What is proximity do
Proximity presumably leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters
What is functional distance
The influence of an architectural layout to encourage or inhibit certain activities including contacts between people
studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendships formation have been found between people of what
Different races ages for social classes
do People put an extra effort to find friends of their own age and race
It appears that people are willing to look beyond the immediate environment to find friends of their own age and race. Their friendships with people of a different age or race on the other hand, tends to be those that fell in their laps
What is the mere exposure affect
idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus, such as an object or person, leads to greater liking of the stimulus
This can explain some friendships
Why does mere repeated exposure to lead to liking
One explanation is that people find it easier to perceive and cognitively process familiar stimuli– the processing of familiar stimuli is more’fluent’
People were attracted to those who are similar to them
Yes, this is Larry of engaged couples was strongest for demographic characteristics[Such as class and religion] and physical characteristics[Such as health and physical attractiveness]. Similarity was less strong but still present for personality characteristics[such as leadership and sensitivity]
Moreover, interracial and interesting couples tends to be more similar in each other in terms of their personality traits then our couples of similar race and ethnicity, people may compensate for dissimilarity in one dimension by seeking out greater similarity in another
What is complementary
the tendency for people to seek out others with characteristics that are different from, and compliment, they own
the complimentary hypothesis only makes sense for what
for those traits for which one person’s needs can be met by the other
We might expect to find complementary insects traits such as dependence-nurturance or introversion-extroversion, but not in such traits as honesty, optimism, or conscientiousness
The only consistently negative inferences about physically attractive individuals are what
That they are immodest and less likely to be good parents
What is the halo effect
The common belief, accurate or not, that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance
Beauty can translate into power for who
women
What is reproductive fitness
the capacity to pass ones genes onto subsequent generations
What is bilateral symmetry indicate
Seems to serve as a signal of an organism’s ability to resist disease
Two features physical health and reproductive fitness are important determinants of perceived attractiveness what are they
averageness and bilateral symmetry
From an evolutionary perspective if men are to be produced successfully, they need to find me to work for tile. What would indicate this
youth– so men go for longer women
women go for older men
how do cultural gender roles impact mate choosing
The division of labor has allowed them to have disproportionate control of material resources in virtually all cultures. Being relatively vulnerable economically, will been making more concerned with material needs and finding mates with resources is one way of meeting these needs
What features do women find more attractive
Evidence shows that women’s preferences change at different points in her menstrual cycle, however within generally rate slightly feminized male faces as most attractive except when they are ovulating and the chances of conception are the highest. Near ovulation their preferences tentative shift towards a more masculine faces
What are the three types of love
Companion Love– the lovely typically experience with friends and family members; compassionate love– akin to a communal relationship that Focus on monitoring and responding to another person’s needs such as how we mother looks out for her child’s well-being; but it is romantic love/ passionate love that we refer to when we say we are in love with someone
What is the investment model of commitment
A model of interpersonal relationships maintaining that three determines make partners more committed to each other; relationship satisfaction, few alternative partners and investment in the relationship
What are the four Horsemen of the apocalypse
For negative behaviors and most harmful to relationships; criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling and contempt
How to create stronger and romantic bonds
Capitalize on the good, be playful, look on the bright side
