Midterm 2 Chapter 10

Question 1

How do we satisfy our need for friendship

Answer 1

With a limited number close friends, and once I need to satisfy, we do not continue to seek other relationships. But if the need for long is not satisfied in existing relationships we will seek to satisfy it in other relationships

Question 2

Did the monkeys preferred a mother that could provide comfort for the one that could provide food

Answer 2

Comfort

Question 3

What are the two fundamentally different types of relationships

Answer 3

Communal relationship and exchange relationships

Question 4

What are communal relationships

Answer 4

a relationship in which the individuals feel a special responsibility for one another And give and receive according to the principle of need; such relationships are often long-term

Question 5

What is the exchange relationship

Answer 5

A relationship in which the individuals feel little responsibility for one another; giving and receiving are governed by concerns about equity and reciprocity; such relationships are usually short-term

Question 6

What is the social exchange theory

Answer 6

The theory based on the idea that how people feel about A relationship depends on their assessments of its costs and rewards

Question 7

What is comparison level

Answer 7

Expectations about what people think they deserve or expect to get out of the relationship

Question 8

People have certain standards that influence their evaluation of the rewards and costs in their relationships what are they

Answer 8

Comparison level, comparison level for alternatives, Equity theory

Question 9

What is comparison level for alternatives

Answer 9

Expectations about what people think they can get out of alternative relationships

Question 10

What is equity theory

Answer 10

The idea that people are motivated to pursue fairness or equity in their relationships; a relationship is considered equitable when the benefits are proportionate to the effort both people put into it

Question 11

What is attachment theory

Answer 11

The idea that early attachments with parents and other caregivers can shape relationships for a persons whole life

Question 12

How does attachment theory impact a persons life

Answer 12

Internal working models of the self reflect individualist beliefs about their lovability and competence. Internal working models of how relationships work reflect individual beliefs about how other people’s availability, warmth, and ability to provide security. These working models originate early in life and shave our relationships from cradle two grave which gives rise to distinct styles of attachment

Question 13

What are the three attachment types (of of infants)

Answer 13

Secure, avoidance, anxious-ambivalent

Question 14

What is secure

Answer 14

Relatively easy to get close others and comfortable depending on them and having them depend on me not often worried about being abandoned

Question 15

What is avoident

Answer 15

Somewhat uncomfortable being close difficult to trust them completely or allow need to depend on them nervous when anybody gets close

Question 16

What is anxious-ambivalent

Answer 16

Constantly worrying about abandonment Brothers are reluctant to get as close to me etc

Question 17

The two dimensions that have been shown to capture most of the variation in attachment are referred to as what

Answer 17

Anxiety and avoidance

Question 18

What is the anxiety dimension of attachment

Answer 18

A facet of attachment that captures The degree to which a person is worried about rejection and abandonment by relationship partners

Question 19

What is the avoidance the dimension of attachment

Answer 19

A facet of attachment that catches The degree to which a person is comfortable with intimacy and dependence on relationship partners

Question 20

You might expect that a secure attachment styles would predict more positive life outcomes is this true

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What is proximity do

Answer 21

Proximity presumably leads to friendship because it facilitates chance encounters

Question 22

What is functional distance

Answer 22

The influence of an architectural layout to encourage or inhibit certain activities including contacts between people

Question 23

studies involving more diverse populations, the largest effects of proximity on friendships formation have been found between people of what

Answer 23

Different races ages for social classes

Question 24

do People put an extra effort to find friends of their own age and race

Answer 24

It appears that people are willing to look beyond the immediate environment to find friends of their own age and race. Their friendships with people of a different age or race on the other hand, tends to be those that fell in their laps

Question 25

What is the mere exposure affect

Answer 25

idea that repeated exposure to a stimulus, such as an object or person, leads to greater liking of the stimulus

This can explain some friendships

Question 26

Why does mere repeated exposure to lead to liking

Answer 26

One explanation is that people find it easier to perceive and cognitively process familiar stimuli– the processing of familiar stimuli is more’fluent’

Question 27

People were attracted to those who are similar to them

Answer 27

Yes, this is Larry of engaged couples was strongest for demographic characteristics[Such as class and religion] and physical characteristics[Such as health and physical attractiveness]. Similarity was less strong but still present for personality characteristics[such as leadership and sensitivity]

Moreover, interracial and interesting couples tends to be more similar in each other in terms of their personality traits then our couples of similar race and ethnicity, people may compensate for dissimilarity in one dimension by seeking out greater similarity in another

Question 28

What is complementary

Answer 28

the tendency for people to seek out others with characteristics that are different from, and compliment, they own

Question 29

the complimentary hypothesis only makes sense for what

Answer 29

for those traits for which one person’s needs can be met by the other

We might expect to find complementary insects traits such as dependence-nurturance or introversion-extroversion, but not in such traits as honesty, optimism, or conscientiousness

Question 30

The only consistently negative inferences about physically attractive individuals are what

Answer 30

That they are immodest and less likely to be good parents

Question 31

What is the halo effect

Answer 31

The common belief, accurate or not, that attractive individuals possess a host of positive qualities beyond their physical appearance

Question 32

Beauty can translate into power for who

Answer 32

women

Question 33

What is reproductive fitness

Answer 33

the capacity to pass ones genes onto subsequent generations

Question 34

What is bilateral symmetry indicate

Answer 34

Seems to serve as a signal of an organism’s ability to resist disease

Question 35

Two features physical health and reproductive fitness are important determinants of perceived attractiveness what are they

Answer 35

averageness and bilateral symmetry

Question 36

From an evolutionary perspective if men are to be produced successfully, they need to find me to work for tile. What would indicate this

Answer 36

youth– so men go for longer women

women go for older men

Question 37

how do cultural gender roles impact mate choosing

Answer 37

The division of labor has allowed them to have disproportionate control of material resources in virtually all cultures. Being relatively vulnerable economically, will been making more concerned with material needs and finding mates with resources is one way of meeting these needs

Question 38

What features do women find more attractive

Answer 38

Evidence shows that women’s preferences change at different points in her menstrual cycle, however within generally rate slightly feminized male faces as most attractive except when they are ovulating and the chances of conception are the highest. Near ovulation their preferences tentative shift towards a more masculine faces

Question 39

What are the three types of love

Answer 39

Companion Love– the lovely typically experience with friends and family members; compassionate love– akin to a communal relationship that Focus on monitoring and responding to another person’s needs such as how we mother looks out for her child’s well-being; but it is romantic love/ passionate love that we refer to when we say we are in love with someone

Question 40

What is the investment model of commitment

Answer 40

A model of interpersonal relationships maintaining that three determines make partners more committed to each other; relationship satisfaction, few alternative partners and investment in the relationship

Question 41

What are the four Horsemen of the apocalypse

Answer 41

For negative behaviors and most harmful to relationships; criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling and contempt

Question 42

How to create stronger and romantic bonds

Answer 42

Capitalize on the good, be playful, look on the bright side