Midterm 2 Chapter 11

Question 1

What is the current definition of stereotype

Answer 1

The belief that certain attributes are characteristic of members of the particular group

Question 2

What are the three general perspectives that shed light on issues of stereotyping and prejudice or discrimination

Answer 2

Economic perspective, motivational perspective, cognitive perspective

Question 3

What is the economic perspective

Answer 3

Identifies the roots of much intergroup hostility in competing interest that can set groups part one another

Question 4

What is motivational perspective

Answer 4

Emphasizes the psychological needs that lead to intergroup conflicts

Question 5

What is cognitive perspective

Answer 5

Traces the origin of stereotyping to the same cognitive processes that I needed people to categorize say items of furniture in to distinct classes of chairs, couches and tables

Question 6

Define prejudice

Answer 6

A negative attitude or effective response to word a group and its individual members

Question 7

Define discrimination

Answer 7

Unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group

Question 8

In group favoritism can arise in the absence of what

Answer 8

enmity

Question 9

What is intended to keep peoples discriminatory impulse is check

Answer 9

The threat of punishment

Question 10

What is the modern racism

Answer 10

Prejudice directed at racial groups that exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs

A moderate racist would never join the KKK, but might consistently gives black passerby’s a wider berth

Question 11

How is it true that many of our “isms” contain both positive and negative’s

Answer 11

Somebody might believe that Asians are colder and more rigid than whites, the same time Believe that they are more intellectually gifted

Question 12

By rewarding women and minorities for conforming to the status quo what happens

Answer 12

Benevolent sexism and racism inhibit progress toward equality– those who hold and different attitudes tend to act positively towards members of groups only if they fulfill their idealized images of what people should be like

Question 13

What is the implicit Association test

Answer 13

A technique for revealing non- conscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people

This is used because participants may Harper unconscious feelings or may just save racial comments but this shows if any lay below the surface

Question 14

What is priming

Answer 14

The presentation of information designed to activate a concept, such as a stereotype, and hence, make it accessible. A prime is a stimulus presented to activate the concept in question

Numerous studies show that private methods have shown that people who are sure are not prejudice against blacks nonetheless respond more quickly to negative keywords preceded by pictures of black faces and more slowly to positive words preceded by pictures of black faces

Question 15

What is realistic group conflict theory

Answer 15

A Group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limites resources

Question 16

What is ethnocentrism

Answer 16

Glorifying one’s own group while vilifying other groups

Question 17

People tend to value what kind of leader during periods of conflicts with other groups

Answer 17

Toughness

Question 18

In the camp study, the hostility produced by five days of competition was erased how

Answer 18

But the joint pursuit of common goals

Question 19

Can hostility between groups developed even in the absence of competition

Answer 19

Yes– simply because another exist

Question 20

What is minimal group paradigm

Answer 20

An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these ‘minimal groups’are inclined to behave toward one another

Basically, even when people aren’t told they are part of a group and not another even if they have not met the other members they will still favorite their own group

Question 21

What is social identity theory

Answer 21

The idea that a persons self concept and self-esteem derived not only from personal identity and accomplishments, but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person that belongs

Question 22

People who take particularly strong pride in their group activations are more prone to increase favoritism when placing minimal situations and people who are highly identified with a particular group reacts to criticism of the group as if it were criticism

Answer 22

of the self

Question 23

What is basking in reflected glory

Answer 23

Taking pride in the accomplishments other people in one’s group such as when sports fans identify with a winning team

Question 24

Why do stereotyping and prejudice happen

Answer 24

they ca maintain or post self esteem

Question 25

explain how conflict between groups can be compared to a ‘study 3 legged stool’

Answer 25

Because it rests on persuasive human tendency to be glorify the in-group, to form societies in which there are unequal distribution of resources, and to stereotype members of different groups

Question 26

According to the cognitive perspective why do stereotypes happen

Answer 26

They are not full is all complete our brains are wired to storing process information

Question 27

People are more likely to fall back on stereotypes when

Answer 27

they lack mental energy

Question 28

To those of another in group members send those of account number– was this the consistent case

Answer 28

Yes, even though the basis of the group membership was arbitrary

Question 29

Define outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 29

The tendency for people to assume that within-Group similarity is much stronger for outgrips than ingroups

Question 30

Define Paired distinctiveness

Answer 30

the pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they have current together

Question 31

People do not evaluate information evenhandedly, instead information that is consistent with a group stereotype typically has more impact that information that is inconsistent with it– what does this result in

Answer 31

This is yet another way that even in accurate stereotypes can stay alive and growing in strength

Question 32

What happens when somebody defies the stereotype

Answer 32

People will explain away exceptions and subtype

Question 33

what is subtype

Answer 33

Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ the group as a whole

Basically they create a category of ‘exceptions’

Question 34

How can stereotypes be triggered even if we do not want them to be

Answer 34

The activation of stereotypes is typically an automatic process

Question 35

What are the three burdens that come with know what others might be prejudiced against one’s group

Answer 35

Attributional ambiguity, stereotype threat, and the psychological cost of concealing one’s identity

Question 36

What is attributional ambiguity

Answer 36

When somebody has to wonder if an accomplishment is the product of an affirmative action policy can be difficult to completely ‘own it’ and reap the full measure of pride it would ordinarily afford

Question 37

What is stereotype threat

Answer 37

The fear of confirming the stereotypes others have about one’s group

Question 38

what is cost of concealing one’s identity

Answer 38

it can literally take a cognitive and physical toll (street is a big one)

Question 39

Contact between different groups likely to be more positive and more productive certain conditions are met, what are they

Answer 39

The groups need to have an equal status; if one group feels superior and the other resentful then harmonious, productive interactions are not likely to be the norm

Productive intergroup interactions are facilitated if the different groups of the shared goal requires mutual cooperation into thereby promoting an in group identity

A community broader social norms must support Intergroup contact, if different children of different races and religions go to school with one another but their parents are prejudice, the students themselves are unlikely to reach across group boundaries

The contact should encourage one on one interactions between members of the different groups; doing so puts each person’s identity as an individual in the foreground and downplays a person’s group membership