Midterm Flashcards
List the 4 types of Societies
-Hunting and Gathering
-Horticultural
-Pastoral
-Agricultural
The worship of more than one god
Polytheism
Necessitated the creation of a centralized government
The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals
List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times
- prisoners of war
- voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debts)
- born a slave
Created the first recorded empire in Western Civilization
Sargon the Great
The river produced/left — that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts
Silt (deposits)
Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions
Sumarian:
- unpredictable power of the gods ( behaved like overgrown children) unleashing devastating floods and wars on humans for no rational reason
- Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the god thus avoiding divine punishment
Same:
- polytheistic
- all life centered around religion
Egypt:
- Egyptian gods were far more benevolent and helpful to humans. Kings were regarded as helpful divinity in human form
- the pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they died
Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code
The 10 commandments
Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems —
The Iliad and The Odyssey
The most important Oracle in Greece was the
Oracle of Delphi
Helots
Slaves to the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin
31 Greek city states formed a coalition called the — to resist the Persian Invasion
Hellenic League
Teaching style was a series of relentless questioning
(an Ancient Greek teaching style)
The Socratic Method
The new regime determined to settle to internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart assured first know — in Western history
Amnesty
Plato rulers
Philosopher Kings
List the 3 military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia
- Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
- he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx
- used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy
In 343 Philip chose — as Alexander’s tutor
Aristotle
A ruler who holds absolute power (typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way)
Despot
The seven kings of Rome created the most famous and enduring government body
The senate
The highest value was —, which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war
Virtue
A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations
Patron-client system
Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation and contradict any device from the senate if they deemed it harmful or injurious to the Plebeians
Tribunes
List the 2 most significant Roman inventions that enabled to build throughout the Mediterranean world
- concrete
- the Roman Arch
Augustus’s true sources of power
- controlled the state’s treasury
- loyalty of the army
Goal of the Principate
Stability and order not political freedom
The cornerstone of Christian faith
Resurrection of Jesus
The biggest argument of the early church
Trinity
Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire
Constantine the Great
A deceleration and summary of the Christian faith
The Nicene Creed
Constantine establishing his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324
Constantinople
Eastern empire, for 20 years he attempts to reunite the empire
Justinian I
A massive tribal confederation who had set in motion the vast movement of numerous Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire contributing to its eventual collapse
The Huns
Islam means
Submission to God
Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam
Qur’an
The 2 divisions of Islam
Sunni and Shi’ite
Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society
Catholic bishops
Charles Martel was called
Charles the Hammer
Part of Charles Martel’s military brilliance
Was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles
Martel became the master of Western Europe and the…
Defender of the Faith
Charles Martel’s grandson — was the greatest king of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne
Significance of Battle of Tours
The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe
Images of Christian figures were banned from art and agriculture
Iconoclasm
The Abbasid’s move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad
For its prosperous location near trade routes
Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning
Madrasa
just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages — will throw them back into it
The Viking Invasions
The 2 causes that lead to the emergence of Feuadalism
- collapse of the Carolingian Empire
- attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars
The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called
A vassal
Who dominated the long-distance trade routes during medieval times
The Italians
Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades
God wills it
Was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe
Investiture Conflict
List the 3 major significances of the Battle of Hastings
- England political shift from the Scandinavian world to Continental Europe
- the Domesday Book
- the birth of the Modern English Language
