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Western Civ > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

List the 4 types of Societies

A

-Hunting and Gathering
-Horticultural
-Pastoral
-Agricultural

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2
Q

The worship of more than one god

A

Polytheism

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3
Q

Necessitated the creation of a centralized government

A

The need to organize workers for construction and maintenance of the canals

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4
Q

List the 3 main reasons for slavery in ancient times

A
  • prisoners of war
  • voluntarily selling themselves (escape starvation or satisfy debts)
  • born a slave
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5
Q

Created the first recorded empire in Western Civilization

A

Sargon the Great

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6
Q

The river produced/left — that enriched the soil and diluted harmful mineral salts

A

Silt (deposits)

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7
Q

Compare and contrast Mesopotamian and Egyptian religions

A

Sumarian:
- unpredictable power of the gods ( behaved like overgrown children) unleashing devastating floods and wars on humans for no rational reason
- Sumerians built the ziggurats to pacify the god thus avoiding divine punishment

Same:
- polytheistic
- all life centered around religion

Egypt:
- Egyptian gods were far more benevolent and helpful to humans. Kings were regarded as helpful divinity in human form
- the pyramids were constructed as burial complexes at which Egyptians could worship Egypt’s god-kings after they died

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8
Q

Israelites had to follow a strict religious and moral code

A

The 10 commandments

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9
Q

Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems —

A

The Iliad and The Odyssey

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10
Q

The most important Oracle in Greece was the

A

Oracle of Delphi

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11
Q

Helots

A

Slaves to the Spartan city-state who were Greek in origin

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12
Q

31 Greek city states formed a coalition called the — to resist the Persian Invasion

A

Hellenic League

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13
Q

Teaching style was a series of relentless questioning
(an Ancient Greek teaching style)

A

The Socratic Method

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14
Q

The new regime determined to settle to internal strife (desire for revenge) that threatening to tear Athens apart assured first know — in Western history

A

Amnesty

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15
Q

Plato rulers

A

Philosopher Kings

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16
Q

List the 3 military reforms instituted by Philip of Macedonia

A
  • Philip was the first in the ancient world to create a professional army
  • he nearly doubled the length of the spears in the traditional Greek phalanx
  • used the cavalry as a strike force to soften up the enemy
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17
Q

In 343 Philip chose — as Alexander’s tutor

A

Aristotle

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18
Q

A ruler who holds absolute power (typically will exercise it in a cruel or oppressive way)

A

Despot

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19
Q

The seven kings of Rome created the most famous and enduring government body

A

The senate

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20
Q

The highest value was —, which emphasized strength, loyalty, and courage, especially in war

A

Virtue

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21
Q

A system/institution based on a network of relationships characterized by mutual obligations

A

Patron-client system

22
Q

Who possessed the authority to veto any legislation and contradict any device from the senate if they deemed it harmful or injurious to the Plebeians

23
Q

List the 2 most significant Roman inventions that enabled to build throughout the Mediterranean world

A
  • concrete
  • the Roman Arch
24
Q

Augustus’s true sources of power

A
  • controlled the state’s treasury
  • loyalty of the army
25
Goal of the Principate
Stability and order not political freedom
26
The cornerstone of Christian faith
Resurrection of Jesus
27
The biggest argument of the early church
Trinity
28
Eliminated his last rival in 324 to become the sole ruler of a unified empire
Constantine the Great
29
A deceleration and summary of the Christian faith
The Nicene Creed
30
Constantine establishing his new capital in the city of Byzantium in 324
Constantinople
31
Eastern empire, for 20 years he attempts to reunite the empire
Justinian I
32
A massive tribal confederation who had set in motion the vast movement of numerous Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire contributing to its eventual collapse
The Huns
33
Islam means
Submission to God
34
Revelations, the holy scripture of Islam
Qur'an
35
The 2 divisions of Islam
Sunni and Shi'ite
36
Will rank among the most powerful men in Merovingian society
Catholic bishops
37
Charles Martel was called
Charles the Hammer
38
Part of Charles Martel's military brilliance
Was his ability to pick the time and place of his battles
39
Martel became the master of Western Europe and the...
Defender of the Faith
40
Charles Martel's grandson --- was the greatest king of the Middle Ages
Charlemagne
41
Significance of Battle of Tours
The decisive turning point in the struggle against Islam, a struggle which preserved Christianity as the religion of Europe
42
Images of Christian figures were banned from art and agriculture
Iconoclasm
43
The Abbasid's move their capital from Damascus to Baghdad
For its prosperous location near trade routes
44
Wealthy Muslims established and endowed schools for higher learning
Madrasa
45
just as Europe was on the verge of emerging from the Dark Ages --- will throw them back into it
The Viking Invasions
46
The 2 causes that lead to the emergence of Feuadalism
- collapse of the Carolingian Empire - attacks and invasions by Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars
47
The individual who receives the land from the great landholders is called
A vassal
48
Who dominated the long-distance trade routes during medieval times
The Italians
49
Legends of this orders secret rituals, huge wealth and lost treasures have long fascinated conspiracy theorists for centuries
The Knights Templar
49
This will become the rallying cry for the crusaders throughout the crusades
God wills it
49
Was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe
Investiture Conflict
50
List the 3 major significances of the Battle of Hastings
- England political shift from the Scandinavian world to Continental Europe - the Domesday Book - the birth of the Modern English Language

Western Civ (16 decks)

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