Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Discovery causes

A
  • Economics ~ Desire for an all water route to China and India for the valuable spice trade
  • Driven by their desire to use potential gold and riches in future crusades against Islam
  • Religious fervency, to spread Christianity to the non-believers
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2
Q

The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

A

To avoid future conflicts between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander VI helped negotiate a treaty dividing current and future discoveries

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3
Q

Called Aztecs by the Europeans

A

Mexica

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4
Q

Cortes expedition served as the model for others — conquered the Inca

A

Francisco Pizarro

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5
Q

Spanish gold and silver from the new world causes

A

Inflation to soar

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6
Q

The Colombian exchange

A

The movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa

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7
Q

Spaniards brought to the new world

A

-Christianity
-Iron Technology
-Sailing ships
-Firearms
-Wheeled Vehicles
-Horses
-Old World Viruses

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8
Q

Johannes Gutenberg: printing press and movable type. A key role in the development of

A
  • The Renaissance
  • Reformation
  • the Age of Enlightenment
  • Scientific Revolution
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9
Q

In 1517 Martin Luther — : Movement that will forever split the Western Church

A

Nailed his Ninety-five Theses on church reform to the Wittenberg church doors

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10
Q

Luther had 2 major issues

A

Salvation and indulgences

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11
Q

Wartburg Castle — : Significance was his influence on the emergence of the German language

A

Translated the Bible into German

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12
Q

One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther

A

Evangelicals

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13
Q

Predestination

A

God ordained “the Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world

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14
Q

Was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789

A

The Peasants War of 1525

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15
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

Created the Church of England and made Henry and subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church

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16
Q

The Council of Trent. Results of the council:

A
  • The church was the ultimate authority on the Bible, anyone else was a heretic
  • Salvation depended on both faith and good works, not just faith
  • Banned the selling of Indulgences
17
Q

The Pope also created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens to Christianity

A

The Jesuits

18
Q

Father of modern political science

A

Niccolo Machiavelli

19
Q

Was one of the most influential royal houses in all of Europe

A

House of Habsburg

20
Q

1535 Francis I forges an alliance with the — against Charles V

A

Muslim Turks

21
Q

Royal revenues could not keep up with military expenditures The solution:

A
  • They devalued their coinage
  • They borrowed
22
Q

The Peace of Augsburg

A

The most important, it established that ALL princes enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects: excluded Calvinists

23
Q

In order to eliminate any ideas of retreat, Cortes

A

Scuttled his ships

24
Q

In 1521 Ponce de Leon landed in Florida in search of wealth and the exclusive

A

Fountain of Youth

25
Q

For the Portugues and Spanish both ________ more important than the pursuit of gold and glory

A

The spread of the Roman Catholic Christianity

26
Q

The mass production of _____________ enables a wider circulation of ideas and thoughts

A

inexpensive books

27
Q

Discovered the Mississippi

A

Hernando de Soto

28
Q

Francisco Coronado

A

Search of the 7 fabled cities of gold