Chapter 14 Flashcards
Discovery causes
- Economics ~ Desire for an all water route to China and India for the valuable spice trade
- Driven by their desire to use potential gold and riches in future crusades against Islam
- Religious fervency, to spread Christianity to the non-believers
The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
To avoid future conflicts between Spain and Portugal, Pope Alexander VI helped negotiate a treaty dividing current and future discoveries
Called Aztecs by the Europeans
Mexica
Cortes expedition served as the model for others — conquered the Inca
Francisco Pizarro
Spanish gold and silver from the new world causes
Inflation to soar
The Colombian exchange
The movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals, and diseases between Europe, America, and Africa
Spaniards brought to the new world
-Christianity
-Iron Technology
-Sailing ships
-Firearms
-Wheeled Vehicles
-Horses
-Old World Viruses
Johannes Gutenberg: printing press and movable type. A key role in the development of
- The Renaissance
- Reformation
- the Age of Enlightenment
- Scientific Revolution
In 1517 Martin Luther — : Movement that will forever split the Western Church
Nailed his Ninety-five Theses on church reform to the Wittenberg church doors
Luther had 2 major issues
Salvation and indulgences
Wartburg Castle — : Significance was his influence on the emergence of the German language
Translated the Bible into German
One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther
Evangelicals
Predestination
God ordained “the Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world
Was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789
The Peasants War of 1525
Act of Supremacy
Created the Church of England and made Henry and subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church
The Council of Trent. Results of the council:
- The church was the ultimate authority on the Bible, anyone else was a heretic
- Salvation depended on both faith and good works, not just faith
- Banned the selling of Indulgences
The Pope also created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens to Christianity
The Jesuits
Father of modern political science
Niccolo Machiavelli
Was one of the most influential royal houses in all of Europe
House of Habsburg
1535 Francis I forges an alliance with the — against Charles V
Muslim Turks
Royal revenues could not keep up with military expenditures The solution:
- They devalued their coinage
- They borrowed
The Peace of Augsburg
The most important, it established that ALL princes enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their lands and subjects: excluded Calvinists
In order to eliminate any ideas of retreat, Cortes
Scuttled his ships
In 1521 Ponce de Leon landed in Florida in search of wealth and the exclusive
Fountain of Youth
